尿流动力学在BPH术前检查中的应用

目的 总结我科开展尿动力学检查在良性前列腺增生症(BPH) 术前准备中的临床应用体会.方法 收集解放军第一医院泌尿外科2007 年11月～2011 年7 月318 例前列腺增生症患者尿流动力学检查结果,进行回顾性分析.结果 318 例前列腺增生症患者术前应用尿流动力学检查,行尿流率检测257 例,Qmax 为3～10ml/s 有213 例,平均(6.4±2.3)ml/s; Qmax 为10～15ml/s 有35 例,平均(12.3±1.9) ml/s;Qmax>15ml/s 有9 例,平均(17.2±4.6) ml/s.318 例患者中,低顺应性膀胱166 例,不稳定膀胱25 例,膀胱逼尿肌乏力29 例,逼尿肌亢进8 例,神经源性膀胱6 例.尿道压检测270 例异常,其中膀胱出口梗阻(bladder outlet obstruction,BOO)255例,尿道狭窄15例.明确诊断后,选择适当治疗方法,效果良好.结论 术前应用尿流动力学检查,提高了术前诊断水平,对合理选择治疗方法、掌握手术指征及预测预后有重要的临床意义.     

尿动力学在前列腺增生症手术适应证中的应用

目的评估尿动力学在前列腺增生症(BPH)手术适应证中的作用.方法应用压力-流率测定研究BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)及逼尿肌功能状态.结果96例BPH中逼尿肌收缩无力(ACD)7例(7.3%),无BOO21例(21.9%),BOO68例(71.8%),BOO伴逼尿肌不稳定(DI)29例;术后获随访的BPH中,5例非BOO、4例ACD术后1a前列腺症状评分(IPSS)及最大尿流率(Qmax)无明显变化,25例BOO术后3～6个月Qmax正常或显著增加、残余尿显著减少(P＜0.01);9例未手术的BOO1a后Qmax进一步下降,残余尿增加,IPSS升高,其中3例发生尿潴留,1例发生ACD.结论应用尿动力学检测BPH有无BOO及逼尿肌功能,对合理选择手术病例及判断预后具有重要意义.     

选择性绿激光汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生

目的探讨经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生的临床疗效。方法PVP治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者50例。观察平均手术时间,术中出血情况,术后留置尿管时间,记录并计算手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),生活质量评分(QOL),尿流率改变等指标的差异。结果平均手术时间(46.0±10.3)min,术后留置尿管时间(38±18.2)h,IPSS及QOL评分术前(25.8±2.0)及(5.1±0.8)分别下降至术后(5.2±1.8)及(1.8±0.8)。最大尿流率术前(5.65±2.2)ml/s增加至术后(18.26±3.2)ml/s。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术中出血少。结论PVP是治疗BPH的一种有效的微创手术。操作简单,出血少,恢复快。     

前列腺增生症患者尿动力学检测的临床意义

目的：探讨尿动力学测定在前列腺增生症患者预测手术疗效的价值及能否用于选择手术的临床意义。方法：对有完整尿动力学压力-流率测定资料的67例BPH患者手术前后的国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）和最大尿流率进行调查。结果：67例患者中膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）65例,2例患者为可疑BOO。存在BOO的65例患者行标准经尿道等离子体前列腺电切术,术后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）（16.4±2.6）分较术前（26.3±6.8）分明显降低（P〈0.05）,最大尿流率（Qmax）（11.3±3.5）ml/s较术前（5.9±1.8）ml/s明显提高（P〈0.05）。对于逼尿肌功能不同类型患者术前、术后行国际IPSS和Qmax比较,术后恢复方面无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：尿动力学检查具有直观、准确、量化及可比性高等优点,对BPH患者BOO确诊、判断逼尿肌功能、选择术式及预测疗效等均有重要的参考价值。     

前列腺增生症患者的尿动力学分析(附357例临床报告)

目的:观察前列腺增生症(BPH)患者手术前后的尿动力学指标的变化,探讨尿动力学检查(UDS)对BPH诊断、术前评估、术后疗效评价的价值.方法:357例BPH患者术前均有严重的排尿梗阻症状,国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)为(27.8±3.5)分,UDS检查均提示BPH诊断.其中17例患者UDS检查发现伴有膀胱尿道功能性疾患(膀胱逼尿肌收缩力异常与不稳定收缩、尿道外括约肌收缩强度过高等),包括低顺应性膀胱5例、逼尿肌收缩无力6例、逼尿肌反射亢进1例、逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调8例、不稳定膀胱7例、逼尿肌排尿后持续低幅度收缩1例、尿道外括约肌痉挛2例.术后对所有患者进行随访及UDS检查.结果:术后1个月随访,340例术前UDS检查无膀胱尿道功能性疾患患者排尿通畅,无梗阻症状,I-PSS (2.3±1.5)分,UDS指标基本恢复正常(最大尿流率、平均尿流率、最大尿流率时间、总尿流时间、尿量及尿流曲线改善等);17例术前存在膀胱尿道功能疾患患者,术后排尿仍不满意,I-PSS(26.8±2.1)分,UDS示膀胱尿道功能疾患仍存在,膀胱与尿道外括约肌的异常收缩无显著改变,但尿道膀胱镜检查未发现机械性梗阻.结论:手术治疗能解除大部分BPH患者的机械性梗阻症状,但对功能性梗阻患者效果可能不明显,手术前后有必要进行UDS检查,以进一步明确诊断、选择手术时机并对术后疗效进行正确的评估.     

经尿道等离子双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生(附80例报告)

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)治疗前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效.方法 采用PKRP治疗BPH80例,随访1～10个月.结果 80例BPH患者均成功手术.术中止血效果满意,无前列腺电切综合征(TURS).国际前列症状评分(I-PSS)由(27.4±3.2)分降至(8.1±4.2)分.最大尿流率(Qmax)由(6.1±1.9)ml/s升至(23.7±3.1)ml/s.结论 PKRP治疗BPH具有创伤小、安全、恢复快、并发症少,是一种治疗BPH的理想方式.     

巨大前列腺增生的TUVP治疗体会

目的 探讨体积巨大的良性前列腺增生(BPH)的经尿道电切的疗效和可行性.方法 回顾性分析85例体积巨大的BPH患者采用经尿道前列电气化切除术(TUVP)治疗的临床资料.结果 TUVP后,前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前平均(22±7)分,降至术后(7±2)分;最大尿流率由术前平均(5.78±2.61) ml/s升至术后平均(13.1±4.3) ml/s;剩余尿由术前(95~800) ml降至术后(0~40) ml.手术并发症5例(5.58%),其中前列腺电切综合征(TUVP)2例,继发出血3例.结论 在熟练掌握TUVP技术后,用TUVP治疗巨大BPH是一种相对安全、并发症少、疗效好、可行的方法.     

TURP结合TUVP治疗高危重度BPH 36例

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术(transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate,TUVP)联合经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of the prostate,TURP)治疗高危重度良性前列腺增生症(benignprostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的效果。方法:TUVP联合TURP治疗36例BPH。根据sohlege手术危险分类:Ⅱ级26例,Ⅲ级10例。所有患者国际症状评分(IPSS)为26±3,最大尿流率为(3.2±2.4)ml/s,残余尿量100~380 ml。结果:手术时间40~60 min,平均50 min。5例术后输血200 ml,1例先兆前列腺电切综合征发生,平均留置尿管6 d。36例随访6~24个月,平均10个月,IPSS由术前平均26±3下降至术后平均(8±3),最大尿流率由术前平均(3.2±2.4)ml/s升至术后平均(13±2.6)ml/s。术后暂时性尿失禁3例。结论:联合应用TUVP及TURP治疗高危重度BPH疗效满意。     

良性前列腺增生患者的尿动力学分析

目的:分析良性前列腺增生患者的尿动力学数据,为合理治疗前列腺增生症提供依据。方法:2008年1月～2011年12月我院收治121前列腺增生患者,所有患者均经直肠指诊、泌尿系彩超、膀胱镜检查及抽血测前列腺特异抗原明确诊断前列腺增生。对所有患者行尿动力学检查。结果:121例患者中有118例存在膀胱出口梗阻,3例正常。118例膀胱出口梗阻患者中有4例膀胱逼尿肌收缩乏力,50例膀胱逼尿肌不稳定。114例患者(除去正常3例,膀胱逼尿肌收缩乏力4例)平均最大尿流率(8.32±3.15)mL/s,平均残余尿量(87.68±79.46)mL,平均最大尿流率时逼尿肌压(62.32±7.54)cmH2O,平均最大尿道闭合压为(86.43±18.35)cmH2O,平均前列腺尿道长度5.6 cm,与正常值有显著统计学差异(P<0.05)。7例患者不适合行手术治疗,50例患者行手术治疗后可能延迟显效。结论:尿动力学检查能避免前列腺增生患者手术治疗的盲目性。     

经尿道选择性绿激光PVP治疗高龄高危良性BPH

目的探讨经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术(photoselective vaporization of prostate,PVP)治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的治疗效果。方法采用PVP治疗高龄高危BPH患者89例,术前评估准备、观察平均手术时间、术后拔管时间,出血量,术前、后国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptomscore,IPSS)、生活质量评分(quality of life,QOL)、剩余尿量及尿流率变化等指标。结果89例患者手术成功。手术时间平均(44.8±35.0)min。术中出血量平均(64.1±16.3)ml。术后留置导尿管平均(3.6±2.7)d。IPSS及QOI评分由术前平均(27.8±6.5)及(6.3±0.9)分别下降至(7.14±2.6)及(1.4±0.8),最大尿流率术前(6.2±2.8)ml/s增加至术后(14.7±2.2)ml/s,剩余尿量由术前(186.1±25.2)ml下降至术后(26.6±5.1)ml,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术安全,疗效满意,无严重并发症。结论PVP针对治疗高龄高危BPH是安全有效的微创手术。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.