腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除术围手术期并发症分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术围手术期并发症发生情况。方法统计本院2016年12月至2018年12月104例膀胱癌患者行腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术(LRC)围手术期的并发症以及手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间等情况。围手术期并发症定义为手术30 d内发生的并发症。结果平均手术时间327 min,平均出血量478 mL,接受输血者16例(15.4%),平均输血量415 mL。术后平均住院时间17.9 d。尿流改道方式上,Bricker回肠膀胱术68例,输尿管皮肤造口术36例。围手术期并发症发生率47.1%(49例),包括肠梗阻、尿路感染、肺炎、下肢静脉血栓、肺栓塞等。结论腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术仍有较高的并发症发生率,常见并发症为肠梗阻,尿路感染等,术前应积极治疗基础疾病,术中严格操作,术后采取相应预防措施以防止出现严重并发症。并根据患者情况选择合适的手术方案。     

高龄腹股沟疝患者的围手术期处理

目的 评价高龄腹股沟疝患者行局部麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术围手术期安全性与可行性探讨。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月,上海交通大学附属第一人民医院收治高龄腹股沟疝患者80例,均行局部麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术。观察手术时间、术后住院时间、复发率及并发症发生情况。结果 本组患者手术时间45—75min,平均（40±5）min,术后住院时间3～5d,平均（2±1）d。切口感染9例,术后慢性疼痛12例,浆液肿3例。术后随访3个月至2年,无复发。结论 高龄患者行局部神经麻醉下腹股沟疝修补手术,术前重视手术风险评估,加强围手术期管理,是安全有效的手术方式。     

经尿道选择性120W绿激光汽化术治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生症57例疗效分析

目的探讨经尿道选择性120W绿激光前列腺汽化术（PVP）治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的临床疗效及安全性。方法分析2010年7月至2011年7月,本院行PVP手术治疗的高龄高危BPH 57例患者的临床资料。结果57例患者手术均顺利,其中5例行TURP辅助PVP手术治疗,所有患者均未出现电切综合征,无死亡病例。单纯行PVP手术者52例,术后输血1例,泌尿系感染4例,手术时间平均（38.3±11.3）min,平均出血量（25.5±16.5）mL,术后均留置导尿管行膀胱冲洗6～26h,平均（9.3±5.1）h,留置尿管时间平均（1.9±0.7）d,术后平均住院时间（2.9±0.9）d。行TURP辅助PVP手术患者手术时间（47.2±8.6）min,平均出血量（32.6±17.8）mL,术后均留置导尿管行膀胱冲洗9～26h,平均（13.4±7.1）h,留置尿管时间平均（2.5±0.6）d,术后平均住院时间（4.5±1.3）d。术后国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分、最大尿流率和残余尿量与术前比较均明显改善。结论经尿道选择性120W绿激光前列腺汽化术治疗BPH具有操作安全、术中出血少、手术时间短、近期疗效显著,尤其适合于高龄高危患者。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗早期前列腺癌

目的：探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(LRP)治疗早期前列腺癌的疗效。方法：对30例T＼M分期T1b～T2期的前列腺癌患者，行腹腔镜下经腹途径LRP术。将30例按时间顺序分前、后两组，统计两组的手术时间、出血量、围手术期并发症，提出预防和处理并发症的措施。结果：30例手术均获成功。前、后两组平均手术时间分别为390和270min；平均出血量430和160ml。在前组(早期)发生耻骨后静脉丛损伤导致大出血3例，术中分离损伤膀胱5例，直肠损伤2例，术后出现尿外渗7例，出现膀胱尿道吻合口狭窄2例。后组1例出现尿外渗和1例直肠损伤。30例术后3周拔除尿管排尿通畅。术后复查PSA值小于0．3mg／L。结论：随着术式的改进和并发症的减少，LRP已成为我们治疗早期前列腺癌的标准术式之一。     

腹腔镜手术对胃肠间质瘤患者围术期指标及并发症的影响研究

目的 对胃肠间质瘤患者给予腹腔镜手术治疗，分析其围术期指标及对并发症的影响。方法 选取2018年6月至2021年6月在本院治疗的胃肠间质瘤患者68例，按照手术方法分为观察组与对照组各34例，给予观察组腹腔镜手术治疗，给予对照组开腹手术治疗，对两组围术期相关指标、手术前后胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ（PGⅠ）、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（PGⅡ）、胃泌素水平、术后并发症及预后情况进行统计比较。结果在围术期指标方面，观察组手术时间（78.06±5.52） min、术中出血量（70.12±15.64） m L、术后排气时间（1.94±0.51） d、术后进食时间（2.61±0.74）d、术后下床活动时间（2.51±0.34） d及住院时间（6.98±1.28） d，与对照组手术时间（94.56±9.29） min、术中出血量（87.57±19.58） m L、术后排气时间（3.69±1.17） d、术后进食时间（4.52±1.38）d、术后下床活动时间（4.59±0.51） d及住院时间（8.67±1.49） d比较均明显缩短，差异有显著性（P<0.05）；在术后并发症方面，观察组总发生率5.9%显著低于对照组23...     

经尿道前列腺等离子腔内剜除术在治疗前列腺增生症中的应用

目的探讨经尿道前列腺等离子腔内剜除术（PKERP）治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）中的有效性。方法入选BPH患者60例,随机分为两组;研究组30例采用经尿道前列腺等离子腔内剜除术fPKERP）,对照组30例应用常规经尿道前列腺等离子切除术（PKRP）。对比两组患者的手术时间,出血量,术后住院时间,术中术后并发症的情况。结果研究组和对照组的平均手术时间分别为65min和90min（P〈0．05）,平均出血量100ml和180ml（P〈0．05）平均术后住院时间4d和6d（P〈O．05）;研究组发生1例包膜切穿,冲洗液外渗发生率3％,对照组发生3例包膜切穿,冲洗液外渗发生率10％（P〈0．05）;研究组短期尿路刺激症状者5例（15％）,对照组短期尿路刺激症状者11例（37％）（P〈0．05）。结论PKERP是治疗BPH的有效手术方法,具有切除腺瘤彻底、手术时间短、出血少、住院时间短、并发症少等优点。     

经尿道前列腺电切术术前停服阿司匹林的时间研究

目的探讨服用阿司匹林的前列腺增生患者在进行经尿道前列腺电除术（TURP）前停用阿司匹林的时间选择。 方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2010至2015年间接受TURP的前列腺增生患者,根据术前是否服用阿司匹林及阿司匹林停药时间分为停药7 d组（40例）,停药>7 d组（42例）及对照组（术前未服用阿司匹林）。比较三组患者前列腺体积、住院时间、术后住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后输血例数、术后第1天血红蛋白下降、术后膀胱冲洗时间、尿管拔除时间、围手术期心脑血管并发症等相关指标。 结果停药7 d组、停药>7 d组与对照组三组前列腺增生患者,手术时间、术中出血、术后第1天血红蛋白下降、术后膀胱冲洗时间、尿管拔除时间、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,围手术期所有患者均未发生严重心脑血管事件,无死亡病例。 结论对于长期服用阿司匹林的前列腺增生患者,建议停药7 d后行TURP手术,延长停药时间并不能进一步减少出血量。     

120例高龄BPH患者经尿道前列腺切除的围手术期治疗

目的探讨高龄良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）治疗的安全性和有效性。方法分析120例高龄BPH患者应用TURP围手术期的临床资料。结果手术时间40～70分钟,无TURP综合征发生。平均出血量90ml,围手术期无患者死亡。随访6～25个月,患者排尿功能恢复良好。国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由术前平均26.7分下降到术后平均8.9分,生活质量评分（QOL）由术前5分下降到平均2分,最大尿流率（Qmax）由术前8ml/s上升至平均19ml/s。结论详细的术前准备,严格的手术时间掌握,术后的严密观察是TURP治疗高龄BPH患者安全有效的关键。     

高龄良性前列腺增生症经尿道前列腺汽化电切术围术期护理体会

目的总结高龄良性前列腺增生症(BPH)经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TURP)围手术期的护理体会。方法对48例接受TURP治疗的高龄BPH患者实施围手术期护理。回顾性分析患者的治疗和护理效果。结果 48例高龄BPH患者均顺利完成TURP手术。术后留置尿管时间(4.04±0.64)d,住院时间(5.86±0.42)d。拔除尿管后,排尿障碍明显改善。未发生尿潴留、排尿困难、膀胱痉挛、大出血、尿路感染、下肢静脉血栓等并发症。患者对护理工作的满意度100%。结论对接受TURP手术治疗的高龄BPH患者,实施围手术期精心护理措施,可有效改善治疗效果,减少术后并发症发生和提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

临床护理路径在腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术围手术期的应用

目的探讨临床护理路径在腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术围手术期中的应用。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年1月,唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司医院收治的高龄腹股沟疝患者160例,均行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术,围手术期应用临床护理路径手术配合。结果下床活动时间6～16h,平均（10±2）h;本组患者住院时间3～7d,平均（3±1）d。术后出现尿潴留10例,慢性疼痛15例,肺部感染3例。结论手术护理路径应用于腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术,能够有效缩短住院时间及下床活动时间,并发症发生率低,有效减少护理不良事件发生率。     

Team-based approach reduces learning curve in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

AIM: We assessed the team approach in reducing the learning curve during our 2-year experience transiting from open to robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (rLRP). METHODS: A team of three urologists progressed through assistant phase to console phase to obtain competency in robotic prostatectomy. One hundred patients underwent rLRP by this team using the da Vinci robotic surgical system from 1 February 2003 to 15 May 2005. RESULTS: The immediate perioperative outcome was divided into three corresponding time frames and the results demonstrated gradual improvement in outcome parameters. The mean set-up time and dissection time were 24+/-14 min and 182+/-52 min, respectively. The mean perioperative blood loss was 272+/-240 mL, and 7% of patients (n=7) required blood transfusion. The mean duration of bladder catheterization was 8.4+/-4.1 days, and mean hospital stay was 2.9+/-1.6 days. There was no perioperative mortality or conversion to open radical prostatectomy. Major complications (4%) included urethrovesical leak requiring re-operation, postoperative cerebrovascular accident, and transient ureteric obstruction. Minor complications (7%) included minor urethrovesical leak, bladder neck stenosis, and urinary tract infection. Mean follow up was 6.6+/-5.0 months. Pathological assessment showed pT2 disease in 55% and pT3 in 45% of specimens. CONCLUSIONS: A team-based approach to robot-assisted LRP helped to reduce the learning curve of the procedure for individual surgeons and continued to show significantly lower perioperative blood loss, transfusion requirements and postoperative pain compared to open radical retropubic prostatectomy.     

The impact of prostate size in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVES: Large prostates can be challenging to remove during open or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Our objective was to critically analyse the impact of prostate volume in LRP. METHODS: 400 cases of LRP were performed. Three hundred and fourteen patients had a small prostate (weight < 75 g) and 86 patients had a large prostate (weight > or = 75 g) on final histology. The following outcomes were assessed: operative time; estimated blood loss (EBL); transfusion rate; length of hospital stay (LOS); length of catheterisation; perioperative and postoperative complications (including incontinence and erectile dysfunction); surgical margin status; and early biochemical recurrence rates. RESULTS: Patients' age, PSA, Gleason sum and clinical stage were all similar. Larger prostates were associated with a 14 minutes longer mean operating time (p < 0.001), but fewer positive surgical margins (p = 0.01). Blood loss, blood transfusion rate, length of hospital stay, length of catheterisation and complication rate were all similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate size should not be a factor determining a patient's suitability for LRP. Further follow-up is needed to assess the effect of prostate size on long-term functional and oncological results.     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的初步体会

目的:总结腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术围手术期并发症发生情况,并分析原因,总结手术经验体会。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2016年3月开展的55例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术患者的临床资料及术后随访资料,评估围手术期并发症情况。结果:55例患者均成功完成腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开放手术。术后平均住院(16.69±2.92)d,术后留置尿管时间平均(14.73±1.41)d,未发生多器官功能衰竭或死亡病例,并发症严重程度评估依据Clavien系统分级,共发生2例轻微并发症,为吻合口瘘、尿失禁各1例,并发症发生率为3.6%,未发生其他严重并发症。结论:腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术在围手术期并发症控制方面具有一定优势,但腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的学习曲线较长,需要一定的腹腔镜手术经验及手术技巧的积累。     

微创经皮肾镜治疗口服抗凝/抗血小板药物结石患者的安全性及疗效分析

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗口服抗凝药物/抗血小板的上尿路结石患者的疗效及安全性。方法2015年6月至2017年10月,47例接受口服抗凝/抗血小板药物治疗的上尿路结石患者在中山大学附属第三医院岭南医院行MPCNL治疗,围手术期采用低分子肝素替代治疗,术后采用气囊尿管作为肾造瘘管。选取同期行MPCNL治疗的未接受抗凝/抗血小板治疗的、无凝血功能障碍的上尿路结石患者50例进入对照组。比较两组患者间年龄、性别、体质量指数、结石大小等一般情况及手术时间、结石清除率、血红蛋白下降值、住院时间、并发症发生率等的差异。结果两组患者在手术时间、结石清除率、血红蛋白下降值、并发症发生率方面比较差异无统计学意义,抗凝组患者住院时间较非抗凝组时间长,差异具有统计学意义,但是两组患者术后住院天数比较差异无统计学意义。结论围手术期予低分子肝素替代治疗,术后予气囊尿管作为肾造瘘管牵拉压迫止血,口服抗凝/抗血小板药物的上尿路结石患者行MPCNL治疗是安全有效的。     

双示踪导航腹腔镜胃癌根治术的单臂开放前瞻性研究

目的探讨双示踪（吲哚菁绿联合纳米碳）导航在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的安全性与有效性。 方法开展单臂开放前瞻性临床研究，自2021年7月至2021年9月共纳入符合纳排标准的患者共15例，入组患者同时接受吲哚菁绿与纳米碳示踪，其中吲哚菁绿注射采用腹腔镜下浆膜面“六点法”，纳米碳注射采用胃镜下黏膜面“三明治法”，实施规范化D2腹腔镜胃癌根治术及标本淋巴结检取。15例患者中男性11例（73.3%），女性4例（26.7%），平均年龄（57.1±12.8）岁，腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术（π吻合）6例（40.0%）、腹腔镜根治性远端胃大部切除术（毕Ⅱ式+Braun吻合）9例（60.0%），分析手术时长、术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症及二次手术率、存活率，术后病理分期、各站淋巴结检取数目及总数目。 结果入选患者的平均手术时间（254.7±40.1）min，术中出血量（90.0±51.7）ml，术后住院天数（10.5±1.5）d，无严重并发症或非计划二次手术，至今均存活。各站淋巴结清扫数目不等，总清扫数为（44.6±13.1）枚。 结论双示踪（吲哚菁绿联合纳米碳）导航在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中安全有效。     

Relationships between predischarge and postdischarge infectious complications,length of stay,and unplanned readmissions in the ACS NSQIP database

BackgroundPostoperative complications, length of index hospital stay, and unplanned hospital readmissions are important metrics reflecting surgical care quality. Postoperative infections represent a substantial proportion of all postoperative complications. We examined the relationships between identification of postoperative infection prehospital and posthospital discharge, length of stay, and unplanned readmissions in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database across nine surgical specialties.MethodsThe 30-day postoperative infectious complications including sepsis, surgical site infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection were analyzed in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program inpatient data during the period from 2012 to 2017. General, gynecologic, vascular, orthopedic, otolaryngology, plastic, thoracic, urologic, and neurosurgical inpatient operations were selected.ResultsPostoperative infectious complications were identified in 5.2% (137,014/2,620,450) of cases; 81,929 (59.8%) were postdischarge. The percentage of specific complications identified postdischarge were 73.4% of surgical site infections (range across specialties 63.7–93.1%); 34.9% of sepsis cases (27.4–58.1%); 26.5% of pneumonia cases (18.9%–36.3%); and 53.2% of urinary tract infections (48.3%–88.0%). The relative risk of readmission among patients with postdischarge versus predischarge surgical site infection, sepsis, pneumonia, or urinary tract infection was 5.13 (95% confidence interval: 4.90–5.37), 9.63 (8.93–10.40), 10.79 (10.15–11.45), and 3.32 (3.07–3.60), respectively. Over time, mean length of stay decreased but postdischarge infections and readmission rates significantly increased.ConclusionMost postoperative infectious complications were diagnosed postdischarge. These were associated with an increased risk of readmission. The trend toward shorter length of stay over time was observed along with an increase both in the percentage of infections detected after discharge and the rate of unplanned related postoperative readmissions over time. Postoperative surveillance of infections should extend beyond hospital discharge of surgical patients.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾移植术后上尿路肿瘤的技术改进(附11例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜下手术治疗肾移植术后上尿路肿瘤的技术方法及临床应用价值.方法 11例肾移植术后上尿路肿瘤患者.男3例,女8例.平均年龄45岁（39～51岁）.肿瘤位于左侧4例,右侧7例;与移植肾同侧8例.采用后腹腔镜根治性肾切除联合经尿道膀胱袖套状切除术,手助处理输尿管下段,标本自腰部小切口取出.观察手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、并发症及手术效果.结果 11例平均手术时间150 min（90～190 min）,术中平均出血量100ml（50～200ml）,术后平均住院时间10 d（9～12 d）,术中术后均未发生严重并发症.随访2～16个月,肿瘤无复发及远处转移.术后移植肾功能良好.结论 腹腔镜辅以手助处理输尿管末段治疗肾移植术后上尿路肿瘤效果良好,具有临床推广价值.     

Complications for radical cystectomy. Impact of the American Society of Anesthesiologists score

OBJECTIVES: To report the perioperative events after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion in bladder cancer in terms of major and minor complications and to seek statistical relationships with patient's characteristics and surgical procedures. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one radical cystectomies performed in the modern era in two academic hospitals were reviewed. Preoperative patients characteristics (age, sex, hemoglobin, total protein, weight and height) and perioperative data (operative time, type of urinary diversion, associated procedures, blood transfusion, seniority of the surgeon) were recorded. Perioperative morbidity was defined by any adverse event during hospital stay or within 30 days after surgery, those requesting an additional stay of more that 3 days in the intensive care unit or a reoperation being classified as major complications. Significant relationships were sought for classes by Student's t test for comparison of quantitative variables and Yate's corrected chi(2) test for categorical variables. Spearman's rank correlation test was used for comparison of quantitative variables. RESULTS: Major complications were observed in 41 patients (25.5%) and resulted in 14 reoperations (8.7% reoperation rate). Most of them were diversion-related and were statistically related to the ASA score > or =3 (p<0.01, 5.7 odds ratio). Compared to sophisticated means of diversion, cutaneous diversion resulted in minimal operative time and hospital stay. No relationships between age, body mass index, biological parameters, type of diversion, associated procedure, surgeon's experience and postoperative complications could be evidenced. Uneventful recovery resulted in a 16.6 days mean hospital stay, minor complications induced a significant 3.8 days additional stay and major complications resulted in major lengthening of hospital stay (21.2 days mean additional stay). CONCLUSION: ASA scores equal to or greater than 3 were associated with major complications and most specially those related to the type of urinary diversion. Therefore, we recommend special care in the selection of the type of urinary diversion and further preoperative evaluation inclusive of nutritional assessment.     

经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的技巧探讨与经验总结(附53例报告)

目的:探讨经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻的应用技巧,并总结其临床经验。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2018年1月采用经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗53例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的性别、年龄、手术时间、失血量、住院时间、并发症等临床资料及随访资料。其中男29例,女24例;平均(18.0±5.7)岁,左侧30例,右侧22例,双侧1例。结果:53例手术均采用经腹入路顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开放手术。手术时间平均(158.4±56.8)min,失血量平均(9.6±5.8)mL,术后平均住院(5.9±3.1)d。术后无严重并发症发生,术后随访,肾积水均不同程度减轻,2例患者术后出现反复泌尿系统感染,拔除双J管后治愈。结论:经腹入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻安全、有效的术式,手术效果可靠,值得推广应用。