脊髓损伤模型的制备及其评价

目的 制备SD大鼠脊髓损伤模型,研究其病理和影像学变化,为后期的干细胞治疗提供实验信息.方法 8周龄SD大鼠,咬除T9～T10 棘突及相应椎板,用纤维剪刀将脊髓完全横断,将分离的肌肉缝合封闭椎管缺损,缝合皮肤,制成脊髓损伤模型.将经过相同措施处理但未损伤脊髓的SD大鼠作为对照.对两组SD大鼠在制模成功后不同时间点进行BBB评分、病理学和MRI检查.结果 实验组大鼠在制模成功后1、3、5、7周时BBB评分分别为0、(0.36±0.46)、(0.91±0.50)、(1.18±0.45)分,对照组分别为(20.57±0.48)、(21.00±0.00)、(21.00±0.00)、(21.00±0.00)分,两组间差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).实验组SD大鼠脊髓损伤区出现明显的病理和影像学的改变.结论 脊髓横断损伤SD大鼠脊髓损伤区无脊髓组织残留,且出现明显的组织和影像学改变,在行为学上也与脊髓未损伤大鼠有明显差异,适用于脊髓再生的研究,从而为进一步研究脊髓损伤提供了较为可靠的模型.     

GAP-43对脊髓全横断损伤后的运动功能的影响

目的通过制备完全性脊髓损伤成年SD大鼠模型，观察脊髓全横断损伤后运动功能和断端脊髓的病理学改变，探讨生长相关蛋白GPA-43对脊髓损伤后的修复作用，为临床治疗提供实验依据．方法咬除T7-T8棘突及相应椎板，用剪刀将脊髓完全横断，制成脊髓损伤模型．雌性8周龄sD大鼠75只，随机分为三组：GPA-43抗体组，GPA-43抗原组，对照组，每组25只．使用直接注射法将GPA-43抗原和GPA-43多克隆抗体分别注入抗原组和抗体组大鼠脊髓的断端，观察各组大鼠的肢体功能恢复情况．用BBB评分法评价不同的时段运动功能，HE染色病理学检查脊髓组织形态学变化．结果三组在运动功能上相比均具有显著差异，对照组在不同时间运动功能评分最低，抗原组评分最高，脊髓损伤区出现明显的病理改变；抗体组早期恢复出现明显的停滞状态，但随后能很快恢复，说明多克隆抗体对神经组织不产生不可逆改变．结论GAP-43对脊髓损伤的恢复有一定的疗效．     

大鼠脊髓针刺损伤程度与脊髓功能变化的相关性研究

目的通过观察大鼠脊髓穿刺致不同损伤程度后病理生理、运动及电生理改变,寻找对脊髓损伤程度最小的方法,为进一步研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新的途径。方法健康SD大鼠144只随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组又分为A组(29G)、B组(25G)和C组(21G)。实验动物暴露L4-5节段间硬脊膜,直视下分别用21G、25G、29G刺伤L4-5节段脊髓,缝合切口。各组分别在术前进行双后肢运动功能评分,术后各时点记录运动功能评分(BBB评分)、电生理检测及脊髓病理观察。结果对照组麻醉恢复后能站立行走,脊髓结构正常。实验组29G组行为学评分最高,脊髓损伤区域无明显病理改变;21G组运动、脊髓电生理和组织病理的改变明显,2周时明显恢复。结论应用29G穿刺针对脊髓进行针刺对大鼠脊髓功能影响小,具有穿刺损伤小、重复性好的优点,可为研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新途径。     

简易大鼠脊髓完全横断伤模型的建立

目的:建立一种简便、可靠的完全脊髓横断伤模型的制作方法.方法:成年SD大鼠21只,随机分为横断伤组、挫伤组、对照组,每组7只.显露T12脊髓,横断组用尖刀将其完全横断.挫伤组150克·厘米力(gcf)冲击致伤.对照组仅显露脊髓,不做特殊处理.在不同时间对各组大鼠行行为学(BBB)评分及组织学评价.结果:横断组大鼠后肢功能评分在损伤后3～4周趋于稳定,损伤后4周时BBB评分为(5.14±0.80)分;挫伤组后肢功能评分进行性增高,4周时BBB评分达到(11.21±2.21)分;对照组2周左右恢复正常.横断组大鼠组织学观察见损伤区无脊髓组织残留,神经丝(NF)免疫组化染色未见神经纤维通过损伤区.结论:通过完全脊髓横断可以制备出稳定性好、一致性高的脊髓损伤模型.完全脊髓横断后,损伤恢复3～4周左右趋于稳定,可作为慢性脊髓损伤修复的移植期.     

大鼠脊髓T11段全横断损伤模型的建立及护理

目的 制备大鼠脊髓T11全横断动物模型，模拟脊髓损伤，为后期的干细胞移植治疗研究提供实验依据。方法 16只健康Wistar大鼠随机分为两组：对照组（n=8）及脊髓损伤组（SCI组，n=8）。SCI组咬除T9-T10棘突及相应椎板，横切断暴露的脊髓T11，夹除约0.3-0.5cm脊髓，对照组仅行椎板切除术。术后1，3，7，14，21d分别进行BBB运动功能评分。对模型进行人工排尿、排便、悬吊鼠尾等护理措施。结果 SCI组所有动物在术后均表现出典型的脊髓截瘫症状，BBB运动功能评分很低，与对照组相比具有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）。护理措施降低了截瘫大鼠并发症的发生。结论 建立了大鼠脊髓T11段全横断损伤模型，并摸索出了一套有效的截瘫模型的护理方法。     

体感诱发电位测定甲强龙对大鼠慢性颈脊髓损伤的疗效及病理观察

目的 :探讨甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠（MP）对大鼠慢性脊髓压迫模型相应时间点的SEP变化与病理变化的相关性。方法:将40只大鼠随机分为实验组与对照组（n=20）,两组均建立慢性脊髓压迫模型,实验组大鼠尾静脉行MP静滴治疗,对照组未行任何治疗;记录实验组治疗后第1、2、3天的BBB评分、SEP信号及脊髓损伤病理变化,且记录对照组同时间段的BBB评分、SEP信号及脊髓损伤病理变化。将SEP信号进行处理分析得出数据, 通过HE染色观察受压脊髓组织病理变化情况,用统计学方法分析其相关性。结果: BBB评分:实验组MP治疗后第3天评分明显升高,证实MP对于慢性脊髓损伤大剂量治疗在行为学上是有效的。SEP信号:MP给药后第3天P波峰值及潜伏期缩短的百分比恢复情况远远高于对照组(P＜0.05) 。HE染色:在建立模型后至第3天药物治疗过程中,脊髓组织细胞形态有所恢复。结论: 慢性脊髓压迫模型大鼠经MP治疗后神经功能明显恢复,且在治疗后第3天效果最为明显。     

海水浸泡对兔脊髓损伤Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响

目的通过建立海水浸泡兔脊髓损伤模型,观察脊髓损伤后脊髓神经细胞凋亡相关基因表达情况,明确海水浸泡对脊髓损伤的影响。方法采用改良Allen’s打击器造兔脊髓损伤模型,根据随机数字表,将60只大耳白兔随机分为两组,实验组:海水浸泡组(切除椎板并造脊髓损伤模型,海水浸泡60 min,n=30),对照组:单纯损伤组(切除椎板并造脊髓损伤模型,但不浸泡,n=30)。根据处理后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h五个时间点分为5组,每时间点6只,在各时间点处死动物取伤段脊髓,光镜下观察伤段脊髓组织病理形态,并进行免疫组织化学染色检测Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平。结果两组伤后均出现创伤性脊髓水肿的病理改变,但水肿高峰出现不一致,且最终组织结果破坏实验组重于对照组。免疫组织化学检测,Bcl-2和Bax在两组各时间点均有阳性表达,Bcl-2表达强度实验组低于对照组,Bax表达强度在损伤6 h后强于对照组,之前则弱于对照组。结论海水浸泡延迟了脊髓创伤性水肿,但最终的损害更重,具有促进神经细胞凋亡发生的作用。     

硬膜内灌注甲强龙对急性脊髓损伤大鼠SOD和MDA的影响

目的探讨硬膜内灌注甲强龙对急性脊髓损伤大鼠外周血丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。方法将36只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为实验组、对照组与假手术组,每组12只。实验组、对照组制作大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型,假手术组大鼠只切除椎板,不损伤脊髓。实验组在术后即刻向蛛网膜下隙注入甲强龙,对照组注入等量生理盐水,假手术组不注药。术后1、3、7d采用BBB评分观察脊髓神经功能恢复情况;术后1、3d检测血清SOD和MDA含量;术后1、7dHE染色观察损伤节段脊髓病理组织学改变情况。结果实验组、对照组术后1、3、7dBBB评分均较假手术组显著降低(P<0.05),实验组术后3、7dBBB评分较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。实验组、对照组术后1、3d血清MDA含量较假手术组显著升高(P<0.05),血清SOD含量显著降低(P<0.05);实验组术后1、3d血清MDA含量与对照组比较均显著降低(P<0.05),术后3d血清SOD含量显著升高(P<0.05)。实验组与对照组比较,脊髓组织损伤处空洞形成较少,神经元萎缩变形较轻,神经纤维排列相对整齐,液化坏死及炎症细胞较少。结论硬膜内灌注甲强龙能有效地降低外周血丙二醛含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶含量,且能阻止继发性脊髓损伤病理的发展,保护脊髓。     

大鼠脊髓针刺损伤程度与脊髓功能变化的相关性研究

摘要：目的通过观察大鼠脊髓穿刺致不同损伤程度后病理生理、运动及电生理改变,寻找对脊髓损伤程度最小的方法,为进一
步研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新的途径。方法健康SD大鼠144 只随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组又分为A组（29G）、B组
（25G）和C组（21G）。实验动物暴露L4~5节段间硬脊膜,直视下分别用21G、25G、29G刺伤L4-5节段脊髓,缝合切口。各组分别在
术前进行双后肢运动功能评分,术后各时点记录运动功能评分（BBB评分）、电生理检测及脊髓病理观察。结果对照组麻醉恢
复后能站立行走,脊髓结构正常。实验组29G组行为学评分最高,脊髓损伤区域无明显病理改变;21G组运动、脊髓电生理和组
织病理的改变明显,2周时明显恢复。结论应用29G穿刺针对脊髓进行针刺对大鼠脊髓功能影响小,具有穿刺损伤小、重复性
好的优点,可为研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新途径。
     

条件培养基局部移植对大鼠脊髓损伤的修复作用

目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞的条件培养基(BMSC-CM)局部移植对脊髓损伤修复的作用。方法采用改良的Allen 装置制作大鼠 T9脊髓损伤模型,随机分为对照组(脊髓损伤后局部微量注射生理盐水10μl)和实验组(脊髓损伤后局部注射 BMSC-CM 10μl),两组均采用 BBB 评分、斜板实验法观察大鼠运动功能恢复情况,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察脊髓损伤处血管生长及空洞体积的改变情况。结果实验组大鼠的 BBB 后肢功能评分、斜板倾斜角度优于对照组(P <0．05),脊髓损伤处空洞体积明显小于对照组,血管直径大于对照组。结论 BMSC-CM 能够减小脊髓损伤处的空洞体积和促进血管生长,从而促进脊髓损伤后神经功能的恢复。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.