三角帆蚌软体组织与养殖场沉积物中铅含量的测定

目的:测定三角帆蚌软体组织与养殖场沉积物中的铅含量。方法:采用原子荧光分光光度法来测定三角帆蚌养殖场中沉积物及其体内重金属元素铅的含量。结果:三角帆蚌软体组织铅的含量为0.5419 mg/kg,超出国家标准铅≤0.5 mg/kg(参照鱼标准),养殖场沉积物中的铅含量为7.8569 mg/kg,远高于三角帆蚌软体组织铅的含量。结论:作为食用的软体贝类生物,应检测其铅的含量来进行控制。     

淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征

为客观描述淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征,并为进一步开展环境健康风险评价和环境综合治理提供科学依据。通过搜集1980—2009年有关淮河流域重金属的研究结果,整合分析淮河干流上50个采样断面沉积物中铬、锰、铜、锌、镉、铅、汞和砷等8种重金属的污染范围、程度及分布情况,并与其他流域沉积物的污染水平进行比较。结果显示铬在淮河干流沉积物中的平均含量为63.7 mg/kg(47.2～123.6 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中铬平均值的1.10倍,高于黄河、松花江、珠江口、海河干流和辽河流域沉积物中的水平。锰的平均含量为719 mg/kg(439～1 124 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物平均值的1.05倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和海河流域。铜的平均含量为29.9 mg/kg(6.0～65.6 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中铜含量平均值的1.42倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和辽河流域。锌的平均含量为79.2 mg/kg(39.2～230.1 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中锌含量平均值的1.16倍,高于长江和黄河流域。镉的平均含量为0.29 mg/kg(0.10～0.96 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中镉含量平均值的2.07倍,高于长江和辽河流域。铅的平均含量为29.5 mg/kg(17.3～72.8 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中平均值的1.18倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和辽河流域。汞的平均含量为0.08 mg/kg(0.03～0.36 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中汞含量平均值的2.00倍,高于淮河、长江、黄河和辽河流域。砷的平均含量为12.6 mg/kg(9.0～21.8 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中砷含量平均值的1.38倍,高于长江、松花江、珠江口和辽河流域。淮河干流沉积物中8种重金属含量大于我国水系沉积物中重金属平均值的断面百分比从高到低排序为砷镉锌汞铜锰铬铅,分别为90.5%,88.1%,68.0%,66.7%,65.8%,57.6%,55.3%和50.0%。综述显示,与我国其他流域相比,淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量总体处于较高水平,其中铬和锰在我国7大流域中污染相对最严重,铬含量仅次于长江沉积物黄土中的含量,锰含量仅次于淮河流域沉积物中的含量。     

海带丝中不同形态的砷含量分析

目的:探索市售海带丝中砷的主要存在形态及含量,为砷致疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法:样品经消解后均用二乙基二硫代甲酸银比色法进行分析。结果:海带丝中总砷含量范围为18.71~42.69mg/kg,均值为30.31mg/kg;无机砷含量范围为0.52~0.96mg/kg,均值为0.75mg/kg。结论:在测定的4份海带样品中均检出无机砷与总砷,其中无机砷占总砷的2.47%。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光度法测定保健食品袋泡茶中的总砷

目的:本文建立了保健食品袋泡茶中总砷的测定方法并测定了20种保健食品袋泡茶中总砷含量。方法:以微波消解和湿消解法处理样品,原子荧光光度法进行测定。结果:本文测定总砷的线性范围为0μg/L～80μg/L,相关系数为0.9994,方法回收率为92.4%～109.6%,RSD为2.5%。测定的20种保健食品袋泡茶中总砷含量为0.10 mg/kg～0.80 mg/kg。结论:实验表明,本法简单、快速、准确,可以用于保健食品袋泡茶中总砷含量的测定。     

大米中总砷及无机砷含量分析

目的了解大米中砷的含量及分布。方法应用氢化物发生—原子荧光分析技术测定大米中总砷、无机砷,采用高压焖罐对大米样品进行消解测定总砷,用6mol/LHCl提取大米中无机砷,在3mol/LHCl条件下测定总无机砷。结果仪器检出限:总砷0.08ng/ml,无机砷0.10ng/ml;样品回收率:总砷90.5%～103.7%,无机砷为91.6%～105.5%;相对标准偏差:总砷4.1%～6.5%,无机砷4.2%～6.8%。所测大米中总砷含量范围为0.06～0.18mg/kg,无机砷含量范围为0.035～0.13mg/kg,无机砷占总砷的含量为42.5%～88.0%。结论在所检样品中,均检出无机砷与总砷,含量均在国家限量卫生标准以内。     

阿胶类保健食品中4种有害元素的检测与分析

目的检测与分析阿胶类保健食品中铬、铅、汞、砷的含量,评价4种有害元素的含量情况,为保健食品的质量安全评价提供参考。方法采用微波消解系统消化样品,用原子吸收光谱仪测定铬与铅的含量,原子荧光光谱仪测定汞与砷的含量。结果铬、铅、汞、砷的检出限分别为0.035μg/L、0.025μg/L、0.003 5μg/L、0.005 7μg/L,回收率分别为97.5%、97.3%、96.5%、97.1%,相对标准偏差均1.0%,精密度较好。阿胶类保健食品中铬的含量为0.00 mg/kg~0.65 mg/kg,铅的含量为0.00 mg/kg~0.49 mg/kg,汞的含量为0.00 mg/kg~0.25 mg/kg,砷的含量为0.00 mg/kg~0.30 mg/kg。结论 4种有害元素含量测定结果显示,100批阿胶类保健食品质量总体良好,但阿胶口服液类及阿胶膏类保健食品中砷与铅的含量较高,应引起重视。     

凉皮类制品中有害金属元素快速检测及分析

了解徐州市区范围内凉皮类制品中金属成分和含量测定,为食用凉皮类食品提供指导以及食品安全风险评估提供科学依据。样品经微波消解后,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,使用外标法定量。食品中常见金属污染物铝、铬、镍、砷、硒、铅、镉的元素检测结果中,铝含量在0.197～276.144 mg/kg,铬含量在0.002～0.505 mg/kg,镍含量0.0435～0.460 mg/kg,砷元素含量为0.0055～0.043 kg/kg,硒含量为0.0065～0.016 mg/kg,镉元素含量为0.0005～0.009 mg/kg,铅含量为0.008～0.377 mg/kg。铝、铬、镍、砷、硒、铅、镉7种金属元素中,含量相对较高的为铝元素,依据食品安全评价标准中淀粉类制品金属污染物限量,铬、砷、铅、镉含量均未超标。     

重庆涪陵区猪肉中砷铜检测

目的了解涪陵地区猪肉及肝脏中砷、铜污染现状。方法采用随机采样方法,分别采集大木乡农户自养猪（土猪）及其肝脏各30件样品;另选择城区某屠场饲料猪肉（饲料猪）和肝脏各30件样品;分别用氢化物-原子荧光及原子吸收分光光度法测定总砷和铜含量。结果土猪猪肉总砷、铜含量分别为0.004 3~0.083 mg/kg、1.09~3.05 mg/kg;土猪猪肝总砷、铜含量分别为0.005 2~0.12 mg/kg、3.08~6.91 mg/kg;饲料猪猪肉总砷、铜含量分别为0.020~0.16 mg/kg、2.94~4.59 mg/kg;饲料猪猪肝总砷、铜含量分别为0.026~0.31 mg/kg、5.08~12.05 mg/kg。结论土猪猪肉、猪肝中总砷、铜含量均低于饲料猪,土猪、饲料猪猪肉总砷、铜含量均低于猪肝。     

云南昭通燃煤中砷的释放规律及其环境效应研究

目的探讨燃煤型氟中毒病区燃煤中砷的实际燃烧释放规律及其环境效应。方法于2005—2010年,在云南昭通系统采集了24户农户的煤、拌煤粘土、煤泥、煤渣以及新鲜玉米和烘烤玉米样品进行砷含量的检测,并计算煤泥中砷元素的燃烧释放量及释放率,分析了煤泥中砷释放量与烘烤玉米中砷增加量的关系。结果煤中砷含量为0.72~14.35 mg/kg,中位数为3.92 mg/kg;拌煤粘土中砷含量为1.66~66.59 mg/kg,中位数为17.22 mg/kg;煤泥中砷含量为1.81~29.52 mg/kg,中位数为7.79 mg/kg;煤泥中砷的释放量为0.09~22.47 mg/kg,中位数为2.00 mg/kg;煤泥中砷的释放率为0.92%~76.10%,中位数为31.76%;新鲜玉米中的砷含量为未检出~0.03 mg/kg,中位数为0.02 mg/kg,远低于GB 2762—2005《食品中污染物限量》中砷限量(0.2 mg/kg);烘烤玉米中的砷含量为未检出~0.34 mg/kg,中位数为0.09 mg/kg,与新鲜玉米相比有了大幅增加,超标率仅为23.8%。粘土与煤泥中砷释放量呈正相关(P=0.001),而砷释放量与烘烤玉米砷增加量间无统计学相关性(P=0.604)。结论拌煤粘土是燃煤中砷污染物释放的重要来源。烘烤玉米中砷污染程度不仅与煤泥中砷释放量有关,而且受到烤房条件、敞炉结构、烘烤时间等多种因素的影响。     

海口市市售粮食中铅、镉、镍、铬、砷和铜6种元素含量调查

目的调查分析海口市市售粮食中铅、镉、镍、铬、砷和铜6种元素的含量,初步建立海口流通市场上各品牌及农贸市场散装粮食污染物数据库,为制定国家卫生标准提供科学依据。方法定点采集了海口市秀英、龙华、琼山、美兰4个区常见大米和小米2个品种,按GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定》电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析测定。结果小米中镍含量最高为1.94 mg/kg,均值为1.40 mg/kg,其余铅、镉、铬、砷和铜含量均未超标;大米中铅含量为0.001 75 mg/kg~0.796 mg/kg,均数为0.057 7 mg/kg;镉含量为0.000 750 mg/kg~0.252 mg/kg,均数为0.066 8 mg/kg;砷含量为0.059 3 mg/kg~0.733 mg/kg,均数为0.200 mg/kg;铅、镉和砷合格率分别为92.5%、85.0%和94.4%。结论小米中镍含量偏高,大米中铅、镉和砷含量均有一定超标,有关部门应加强对市售大米的监督监测。     

The occurrence of arsenc in the environment and food

The main source of air and soil contamination with arsenic compounds is mining industry of coal and oil as well as mining and metallurgy of non-ferrous metals. The cases of long-drawn arsenism were observed among inhabitants of regions where such industry is well developed. The long term, regular exposure to arsenic compounds both food and inhalation manifests in skin lesion and troubles in functioning of blood, neural and breathing systems. The purpose of this study is the latest literature review concerning contamination of air, soil and potable water with arsenic. The content of arsenic in the comestible produce varies and depends on kind ant origin of the produce. The biggest amount of arsenic in the daily ration came from potable water. The determined amount of arsenic ranged within 1 -5300 microg/L comes from countries where earth water is used as drinking water, which means that allowable contents specified by FAO/WHO experts is exceeded more than one hundred times. The common inhabitant of developing countries consumes 400-650 g of rice weekly. The average contamination of rice with arsenic is 0.57-0.69 mg/kg, which means the intake of this element on the level 30%-45% PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake). The relatively small arsenic contents is characteristic for vegetables and fruits (<0.1 mg/kg), higher amount is observed in leaf vegetables (up to 0.6 mg/kg) and potatoes (0.86 mg/kg). The similarly low arsenic contents (<0.1 mg/kg) is characteristic for the meat produce. Among animal produce the largest quantity of arsenic is determined in fish and seafood (1.5-11.2 mg/kg). The introduction of EU regulations in Poland resulted in resignation of the arsenic contents limitation in food, however the continues monitoring of the contamination level with arsenic compounds is necessary, particularly in the industrial areas of the country.     

石门雄黄矿地区居民砷暴露研究

目的：研究砷污染地区居民砷暴露水平的分布特征。方法：分析污染区和对照区环境样品和居民头发砷含量。结果：污染区三个村土壤砷含量８４．１７～２９６．１９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。河水砷含量达０．５～１４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，井水、自来水、食物含砷量一般符合国家卫生标准。砷摄入量１９５～１１２９μｇ／ｄ。居民头发砷含量中位数为０．９７２～２．４５９μｇ／ｇ。发砷值随年龄增加而增加。结论：石门雄黄矿附近地区河水砷污染严重，以河水为饮用水源的居民砷暴露水平达到甚至超过国内外重大慢性砷中毒案例的暴露水平，应引起重视     

陕南煤矿煤炭氟砷含量调查

目的 了解陕南煤炭产区各主要煤矿煤炭的氟砷含量,为制订防治策略提供科学依据.方法 于2006-2007年选择安康、汉中两市下辖的6个主要煤炭矿区县62个煤矿进行现场采样,以高温燃烧水解电极法测定煤氟;以原子荧光光度法测定煤砷.结果 62个被调查煤矿的煤氟含量最高值3 053.04 mg/kg,最小值6.58 mg/kg,算术均值为1 034.30mg/kg,几何均值为656.85 mg/kg;煤砷含量最高值484.71 mg/kg,最小值29.64 mg/kg,算术均值为197.64 mg/kg,几何均值为174.29 mg/kg.结论 本次调查的62个煤矿煤炭氟砷含量超标严重,尤以石煤矿为甚.

Abstract：

Objective Identify the arsenic and fluorin contents in coal from major producing coal mines in south of Shaanxi,providing a scientific foundation for the formulation of the prevention strategy.Methods In the 6 major coal mine areas governed by Ankang and Hanzhong city,the 62 mines with comparatively large production scales and sales locally,which may have some effective forces on the causing of the local arsenic and fluorin poisoning,were inveatigated,on-the-spot sampling are carried out,the fluorine in coal was determined by the combustion-hydrolysis/fluoride-ion selective electrode method and the arsenic in coal was determined by the atomic fluorescence.Results The maximum of the fluoride content in coal from the 62 investigated coal mines was 3 053.04 mg/kg,and the minimum was 6.58 mg/kg;the arithmetic mean was 1 034.30 mg/kg;the geometric mean was 656.85mg/kg;The maximum of arsenic content in coal was 484.71mg/kg.and the minimum was 29.64 mg/kg;the arithmetic mean was197.64 mg/kg,the geometric mean was 174.29 mg/kg.Conclusion The contents of fluoride and arsenic are seriously exceeded the standard limits in the 62 investigated coal mines.especially in stone coal mines.     

砷对小白鼠组织器官活性巯基的影响

目的 :了解砷摄取与组织器官巯基含量关系。方法 :用慢性动物实验 ,检测饲以含砷 80mg/kg饲料小白鼠器官组织活性巯基含量 ,分析砷摄入与巯基含量关系。结果 :第一 ,实验组血清巯基含量为 2 9.48± 4.60 mg/L,明显高于对照组的 2 2 .41± 2 .79mg/L( P<0 .0 1 )。实验组毛砷为对照组的 6倍。血清巯基含量随着体毛砷含量上升而上升 ( P<0 .0 5 )。第二 ,实验组肌肉砷含量为对照组的 5 .4倍 ,但实验组的巯基含量低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,在肌肉中砷含量与巯基含量呈反比关系 ( P<0 .0 5 )。第三 ,实验组所观察的器官 (肝、心、肾、肺、脾和脑 )的巯基水平都低于相应对照组 ,在肺、心和脑呈现明显负相关 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :砷摄入虽然使血清巯基水平上升 ,但抑制器官和组织的巯基含量 ,组织器官巯基含量下降可能为砷对组织巯基长期作用的结果     

Monitoring the Organotin Contamination in the Taihu Lake of China by Bivalve Mussel Anodonta woodiana

As a part of the pilot study on "Freshwater Mussel Watch", butyltin (monobutyltin, MBT; dibutyltin, DB; tributyltin, TBT), and phenyltins (monophenyltin, MPT; diphenyltin DPT; triphenyltin TPT) were analyzed in soft tissues of 15 bivalve mussels Anodonta woodiana sampled from five separate sites (Huzhou, Xueyan, Dapu, Sansandao, and Wulihu) around the Taihu Lake of China in 2004. The residue of total butyltins and total phenyltins in the all mussels ranged 142-1693 and 3.0-90 ng Sn g(-1) dry weight, respectively. Except for the mussels from Xueyan, DBT and MBT accounted more than 60% of total butyltins in those from other four sites. In contrast, TPT were usually almost 100% of the mussels studied. The present study provides most recent information about the organotin contamination in the Taihu Lake, and suggests Anodonta woodiana can be used as a suitable bioindicator.     

Effects of waste water sediments on the levels of heavy metals ion the soil and plants

Field small-plot experiments studied the effects of sediments of waste water from Saransk disposal systems. The content of toxic heavy metals (lead, arsenic, and cadmium) in the waste-water sediments, was shown to be not greater than their maximum permissible concentrations (32, 2, and 10 mg per kg of dried soil, respectively). With the use of waste-water sediments, the content of manganese, copper, tin, nickel, vanadium, beryllium, cobalt, iron, and chromium was found to correspond to their baseline level in the soil and plants.     

华北地区二十三种中药材中重金属及有害元素基线调查及参考限量标准建立

目的了解中国华北地区中药材重金属及有害元素的基线水平,制定适合国情并与国际接轨的参考限量标准。方法采用本实验室建立的植物药材中重金属及有害元素检测方法,完成了华北地区23种254份植物性中药材中铅、镉、汞和砷的测定。结果各类植物药材中铅、镉、汞和砷的含量分别为(1·78±1·98)、(0·17±0·24)、(0·04±0·06)和(0·72±0·69)mg/kg。在制定植物性中药材中重金属铅、镉、汞和砷的限量标准的过程中要充分考虑到人体经口摄入的各种食物、饮料及水等可食的物质中这些有害物质的摄入量。目前,中国人每人每日重金属和有害元素经口摄入总量(膳食和中药材相加)分别为铅102·9μg;镉21·4μg;汞5·7μg;无机砷81·0μg。分别占各自的每天允许摄入量值为铅45·7%;镉34·0%;汞5·7%;砷60·5%。建议植物性中药材铅、镉、汞和砷限量标准为铅5·0mg/kg;镉0·3mg/kg;汞0·2mg/kg;砷2·0mg/kg。结论中药材铅、镉、汞和砷基线水平的调查是成功的,在此摄入水平,这些有害元素对人体是安全的。     

Multielemental Analysis of Migori (Southwest,Kenya) Artisanal Gold Mine Ores and Sediments by EDX-ray Fluorescence Technique: Implications of Occupational Exposure and Environmental Impact

The results of heavy element profiling of the gold ores and sediments associated with the artisanal gold mining activities of the Migori gold belt of Southwestern Nyanza, Kenya, were reported in this paper. The analysis was made to assess the occupational exposure of the miners as well as to investigate the environmental impact of toxic heavy metals. Gold ores and sediments from the artisanal gold processing were sampled in four artisanal gold mining areas: Osiri A, Osiri B, Mikei and Macalder (Makalda) and analyzed for heavy elemental content using ¹⁰⁹Cd radioisotope excited EDXRF spectrometry technique. Analysis consisted of direct irradiating of sample pellets. The concentrations of major elements detected were: titanium (711.41–10,766.67 mg/kg); cobalt (82.65–1,010.00 mg/kg); zinc (29.90–63,210 mg/kg); arsenic (29.30–8,246.59 mg/kg); gold (14.07–73.48 mg/kg); lead (16.31–14,999.40 mg/kg) and mercury (16.10–149.93 mg/kg). The average concentration of the heavy toxic metals i.e. arsenic, lead, titanium and zinc were found to be above 50 mg/Kg as recommended by World Health Organization.     

Determination of total arsenic in environmental samples from Kumasi and Obuasi, Ghana.

The total arsenic content of some Ghana food and cash crops from Kumasi and Obuasi farms and markets was determined. Quantitative analysis of arsenic was also conducted on vegetation, cooked food obtained from some homes, local fish, and meat, as well as some soil and water samples. In all, 266 samples were examined. Values for Kumasi samples ranged from 0.07 to 7.20 mg/kg arsenic, whereas those for Obuasi ranged from 0.12 to 70.50 mg/kg, confirming that arsenic levels for Obuasi are much higher than those for Kumasi.