Effect of Sodium Tanshinone ⅡA Sulfonate on Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinasel/2 in Angiotensin Ⅱ-induced Hypertrophy of Myocardial Cells

Objective： To observe the effects of sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate （STS） on angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）-induced hypertrophy of myocardial cells through the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase （p-ERK1/2）. Methods： In the primary culture of neonatal rat myocardial cells, the total protein content in myocardial cells was determined by coomassie brilliant blue and the protein synthesis rate was measured by [3H]-Leucine incorporation as indexes for hypertrophy of myocardial cells. The expression of p-ERK1/2 was determined using Western blot and immunofluorescence labeling. Results： （1） The total protein and protein synthesis rate increased significantly in contrast to the control group after the myocardial cells were stimulated by Ang Ⅱ （1 μ mol/L） for 24 h; STS markedly inhibited the increment of the total protein level induced by Ang Ⅱ and the syntheses of protein. （2） After pretreatment of myocardial cells with Ang Ⅱ （1 μmol/L） for 5 min, the p-ERK1/2 protein expression was increased, with the most obvious effect shown at about 10 min; pretreatment of myocardial cells with STS at different doses （2, 10, 50μmol/L） for 30 min resulted in obvious inhibition of the expression of p-ERK1/2 stimulated by Ang Ⅱ in a dose-dependent manner. （3） After the myocardial cells were stimulated by AngⅡ （1 μ mol/L）, the immunofluorescence of ERK1/2 rapidly appeared in the nucleus. The activation and translocation process of ERK1/2 induced by Ang Ⅱ was blocked distinctly by STS. （Conclusion： STS inhibited the myocardial cell hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ, and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of p-ERK1/2 expression.     

Effects of Cyclosporine A on Angiotensin Ⅱ-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Neonatal Rats

Summary： The effects of cyclosporine A （CsA） on Angiontensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ ）-induced protein contents, c los protein levels and cytosolic Ca^2＋ level （[Ca^2＋]i） in cultured eardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were observed. Total protein contents were determined by Bradford method. The expression of c-fos protein was detected by Western blot. （[Ca^2＋]i） labeled with fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM was measured under a laser scanning confoeal microscope. The results revealed that as compared with control, the total protein contents were increased in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang Ⅱ （10-1 mol/ L）, which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. It was found that Ang Ⅱ could increase the c-los protein expression, which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. Ang Ⅱ induced the [Ca^2＋]i elevation in cardiomyocytes. CsA did not influence the resting intracellular Ca^2＋ , but inhibited significantly the Ang Ⅱ-induced [Ca^2＋]i elevation. It was concluded that CsA can suppress the Ang Ⅱ-induced c-fos protein expression and [Ca^2＋]i elevation in single cardiomyocyte, which might play a role in the prevention of Ang Ⅱ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by CsA.     

Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Ferulate on the Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Induced by AngiotensionⅡ

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium ferulate(SF) on myocardial hypertrophy of rat and explore the protective mechanism. Methods:The myocardial hypertrophy was induced by 0.1 μmol·L~(-1) Ang II. The cytoactive was detected by MTT. The cultured cardiomyocytes from Sprague Dawley neonate rats were randomly divided into normal,model,L-arginine(L-arg 1 000 μmol·L~(-1)) group and SF(50,100,200 μmol·L~(-1)) group.To observe whether SF had nonspecific injurious effect on the cells,SF 200 μmol·L~(-1) was added into the normal cardiomyocytes and to determine whether the effect of SF on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was associated with NO release,another two groups were established. NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester(L-NAME) 1 500 μmol·L~(-1) combined with SF 200 μmol·L~(-1) or L-arg 1 000 μmol·L~(-1),respectively. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was confirmed by observing the histological changes and the measurements of cell diameter,protein content and ANF and β-MHC m RNA expression of the cells.The levels of NO,NOS and eNOS activity,the contents of cGMP and cAMP. The expression of eNOS were detected by Real time PCR and Western blotting. Results:(1) SF(50,100,200 μmol·L~(-1)) had no obvious side effect on cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. In the group added 0.1 μmol·L~(-1) Ang Ⅱ alone,the cells displayed swollen,with undistinguishable border;the diameter and protein content of cardiomyocytes was increased remarkably,and the expression of ANF and β-MHC m RNA were up-regulated by Ang Ⅱ. SF and L-arg could ameliorate the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy which can be inhibit by L-NAME.(2) Compared with normal group,0.1 μmol · L~(-1) Ang II could decrease the NO content,NOS and eNOS activity in supernatant of cultured cardiomyocytes,decrease the content of cGMP and increase the content of cAMP incardiomyocytes,upregulation the expression of eNOS.SF-H and L-arg administrated could siginificantly ameliorate these changes. Conclusion:SF can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced Ang Ⅱ in rats. The probable mechanism involved to promote NO-cGMP signaling pathway and up-regulate the expression of eNOS.     

Effect of Sodium Tanshinone Ⅱ A Sulfonate on Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase1/2 in Angiotensin Ⅱ-induced Hypertrophy of Myocardial Cells

Objective:To observe the effects of sodium tanshinone Ⅱ A sulfonate(STS)on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-induced hypertrophy of myocardial cells through the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(P-ERK1/2).Methods:In the primary culture of neonatal rat myocardial cells.the total protein content in myocardial cells was determined by coomassie brilliant blue and the protein synthesis rate was measured by[3H]-Leucine incorporation as indexes for hypertrophy of myocardial cells.The expression of p-ERK1/2 was determined using Western blot and immunofluorescence Iabeling.Results:(1)The totaI protein and protein synthesis rate increased significantly in contrast to the control group after the myocardial cells were stimulated by Ang Ⅱ (1 μmol/L)for 24 h;STS markedly inhibited the increment of the total protein level induced by Ang Ⅱ and the syntheses of protein.(2)After pretreatment of myocardial cells with Ang Ⅱ(1 μ mol/L)for 5 min,the p-ERK1/2 protein expression was increased,with the most obvious effect shown at about 10 min;pretreatment of myocardial cells with STS at different doses(2,10,50 μ mol/L)for 30 min resulted in obvious inhibition of the expression of p-ERK1/2 stimulated by Ang Ⅱ in a dose-dependent manner.(3)After the myocardial cells were stimulated by Ang Ⅱ(1 μ mol/L),the immunofluorescence of ERK1/2 rapidly appeared in the nucleus.The activation and translocation process of ERK1/2 induced by Ang Ⅱ was blocked distinctly by STS.Conclusion:STS inhibited the myocardial cell hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ,and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of p-ERK1/2 expression.     

Effect of angiotensin Ⅱ and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist on the proliferation,contraction and collagen synthesis in rat hepatic stellate cells

Background Angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ） is a very important vasoactive peptide that acts upon hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）, which are major effector cells in hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of Ang Ⅱ and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist （AT1RA） on the proliferation, contraction and collagen synthesis in HSCs.
Methods HSC-T6 rat hepatic stellate cell line was studied. The proliferation of the HSC cells was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay while HSC DNA synthesis was measured by ^3H-thymidine incorporation. The effects of angiotensin Ⅱ and AT1RA on HSCs contraction were studied by analysis of the contraction of the collagen lattice. Cell culture media were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect secretion of collagen Ⅰ （Col Ⅰ）, collagen Ⅲ （Col Ⅲ） and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. HSC was harvested to measure collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） mRNA expression.
Results Ang Ⅱ （（1×10^-10-1×10^-4）mol/L）stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation in HSCs compared with untreated control cells. AT1RA inhibited angiotensin Ⅱ induced proliferation of HSCs. A linear increase in the contractive area of collagen lattice correlated with the concentration of angiotensin Ⅱ （1×10^-9-1×10^-5 mol/L） and with time over 48 hours. AT1RA blocks angiotensin Ⅱ induced contraction of collagen lattice. Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ and TGF-β1 levels of the Ang Ⅱ group were higher than those of control group and this increase was downregulated by AT1RA. The mRNA expressions of Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ and TIMP-1 were higher in HSCs from the Ang Ⅱ group than the control group and downregulated by AT1RA.
Conclusions Angiotensin Ⅱ increased DNA synthesis and proliferation of HSCs in a dose-dependent manner, stimulated the contraction of HSCs dose- and time-dependently. Angiotensin also promoted excretion of Col I, Col Ⅲ and TGF-β1 lev     

Assessment of the Effect of Cardiomyocyte Transplantation on Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function in Post-Infarction Wister Rats by Using High-frequency Ultrasound

The effects of cardiomyocyte grafting on left ventricular （LV） remodeling and function in rats with chronic myocardial infarction were evaluated using high-frequency ultrasound. Chronic myocardial infarction was induced in 50 Wister rats by ligating the left anterior descending artery. They were randomized into two groups： a trial group that received neonatal rat cardiomyocyte trans- plantation （n=25） and a control group which were given intramyocardial injection of culture medium （n=25）. The left ventricular （LV） geometry and function were evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound before and 4 weeks after the cell transplantation. After the final evaluation, all rats were sacrificed for histological study. The results showed that 4 weeks after the cell transplantation, as compared with the control group, the LV end-systolic dimension, end-diastolic dimension, end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume were significantly decreased and the LV anterior wall end-diastolic thickness, LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly increased in the trial group （P〈0.01）. Histological study showed that transplanted neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were found in all host hearts and identified by Brdu staining. It was suggested that transplantation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes can reverse cardiac remodeling and improve heart function in chronic myocardial infarction rats. High-frequency ultrasound can be used as a reliable technique for the non-invasive evaluation of the effect of cardiomyocyte transplantation.     

Effects of Serum Containing Xinlikang (心力康) on Angiotensin Ⅱ Induced Hypertrophy in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Xinlikang (心力康,XLK) on angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) induced hypertrophic cultured neonatal rat's cardiomyocyte (CMC). Methods: Primary cultured neonatal rat's CMCs with the purity certified by immunohistochemical technique, were divided into three groups. Rats in the normal control group were untreated; those in the model group were established into hypertrophic models but underwent no treatment; and those in the XLK group were established to hypertrophic models and treated with XLK containing serum obtained from rats with aorta coarctation after 8 days of feeding with XLK. MTT and phase-contrast microscope were used to evaluate the effect of XLK on cell activity, pulsating rhythm and surface area; Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression was determined by radioimmunoassay; Protein content was determined by Bradford method; and DNA synthesis was detected by flow cytometric assay. Results: Immunohistochemistry results showed that more than 90% of the cells wereα-sarcometin actin stained positive cells. No significant effect of XLK on normal CMC was found. AngⅡcould significantly induce hypertrophy in CMCs, and XLK could significantly decrease the increased surface area and the accelerated pulsating rate in them. ANP expression was 780±38 Mg/L in the model group, and 430±23μg/L in the control group, and the elevated expression of ANP in model rats was significantly decreased in the XLK group;The DNA content in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases was significantly enhanced and at the same time it was accompanied with increase of total protein content in the model rats after being stimulated by AngⅡfor 24 h, showing that serum-containing XLK could also significantly suppress total protein synthesis (P<0. 05). Conclusion: XLK could improve AngⅡmediated pathological growth of CMCs without influencing the growth of normal CMCs, suggesting that XLK is probably an effective drug for treatment of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.     

Effects of cyclosporine A on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in neonatal rats

Summary The effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on Angiontensin II (Ang II)-induced protein contents, c-fos protein levels and cytosolic Ca²⁺ level ([Ca²⁺]i) in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were observed. Total protein contents were determined by Bradford method. The expression of c-fos protein was detected by Western blot. [Ca²⁺]i labeled with fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM was measured under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results revealed that as compared with control, the total protein contents were increased in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II (10⁻⁷ mol/ L), which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. It was found that Ang II could increase the c-fos protein expression, which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. Ang II induced the [Ca²⁺]i elevation in cardiomyocytes. CsA did not influence the resting intracellular Ca²⁺, but inhibited significantly the Ang II-induced [Ca²⁺]i elevation. It was concluded that CsA can suppress the Ang II-induced c-fos protein expression and [Ca²⁺]i elevation in single cardiomyocyte, which might pay a role in the prevention of Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by CsA. Han Zhaomin, female, born in 1974, Pharmacist     

PI3K/Akt-NO信号通路在Ang Ⅳ诱导大鼠心肌肥大中的作用

目的研究PI3K/Akt-NO信号通路在血管紧张素Ⅳ(AngⅣ)诱导大鼠心肌细胞肥大中的作用。方法用乳鼠心肌细胞培养,以细胞表面积和心房利钠因子mRNA表达为心肌肥大指标,观察不同浓度AngⅣ对心肌细胞的作用,并观察PI3K阻断剂LY294002和NO合成酶(NOS)抑制剂L-NAME对AngⅣ作用的影响;利用Real-time PCR和Western blot方法检测mR-NA及蛋白水平的表达;硝酸还原法和ELISA法分别检测NO和内皮型NOS(eNOS)含量。结果 AngⅣ浓度依赖地(0.01、0.1及1nmol/L)诱导心肌细胞肥大;使Akt mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低,eNOS mRNA表达以及细胞培养液中eNOS的含量减少,NO的释放下降(P<0.05);LY294002和L-NAME均使AngⅣ的作用加强(P<0.05)。结论 AngⅣ诱导的心肌肥大作用至少部分地与PI3K/Akt-NO信号通路被抑制有关。     

Effects of Cyclosporine A on Angiotensin Ⅱ-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Neonatal Rats

The effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on Angiontensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ )-induced protein contents, c-fos protein levels and cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+ ]i) in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were observed. Total protein contents were determined by Bradford method. The expression of c-fos protein was detected by Western blot. [Ca2+ ]i labeled with fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM was measured under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results revealed that as compared with control, the total protein contents were increased in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang Ⅱ (10-7 mol/L), which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. It was found that Ang Ⅱ could increase the c-fos protein expression, which could be inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner.Ang Ⅱ induced the [Ca2+ ]i elevation in cardiomyocytes. CsA did not influence the resting intracellular Ca2+ , but inhibited significantly the Ang Ⅱ-induced [Ca2+ ]i elevation. It was concluded that CsA can suppress the Ang Ⅱ-induced c-fos protein expression and [Ca2+ ]i elevation in single cardiomyocyte, which might play a role in the prevention of Ang Ⅱ -induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by CsA.     

银杏叶提取物对心肌细胞肥大的防治作用及其量效关系的研究

目的：在原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞上，观察银杏叶提取物(extract of ginkgo biloba．EGb)及其单体槲皮素(quercetin，Que)对血管紧张素11(AngiotensinⅡ，AngⅡ)诱导的心肌细胞肥大的防治作用。方法：采用改良Lowry法测定心肌细胞总蛋白含量，相差显微镜测量细胞大小作为心肌细胞肥大的指标。结果：EGb和Que能抑制AngⅡ引起的心肌细胞总蛋白含量及直径的增加，其效果与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)卡托普利(captopril，Cap)相似。结论：EGb和Que能有效地防治心肌细胞肥大的发生和发展。     

miRNA-204靶向LC3B在Ang Ⅱ诱导的心肌肥厚中的作用

目的 探讨体外血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)诱导原代大鼠心肌细胞肥大中miRNA-204靶向自噬微管相关蛋白轻链3B(LC3 B)表达的作用.方法 以原代大鼠心肌细胞为研究对象,根据不同的处理分为对照组、Ang Ⅱ组、联合1组(心肌细胞给予人AngⅡ刺激同时感染阴性对照慢病毒载体)和联合2组(心肌细胞给予人AngⅡ刺激同时感染miRNA-204慢病毒过表达载体).各组在干预治疗后48～72 h,行激光共聚焦检测心肌细胞肥大变化,荧光定量PCR探测miRNA-204的表达,蛋白印迹测定LC3B的表达;同时,双荧光素酶活性基因报告验证miRNA-204的靶基因.结果 与对照组比较,AngⅡ组心肌细胞相对表面积明显增大,同时LC3B蛋白表达明显升高、miRNA-204表达上调,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与联合1组比较,联合2组能明显减少LC3B蛋白表达,同时使心肌细胞相对表面积缩小(P＜0.05).进一步的荧光素酶活性报告基因实验结果提示,miR-NA-204能结合LC3B的非翻译区的野生型片段减少荧光素霉活性(P＜0.05);但不能结合其突变型片段灭活荧光素酶活性(P＞0.05).结论 miRNA-204能抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大,其作用是通过靶向LC3B的表达实现的.     

神经肽Y经Ca2+/CaM依赖的钙调神经磷酸酶途径诱导心肌细胞肥大

目的 观察神经肽Y(NPY)诱导心肌细胞肥大效应,及Ca2+/CaM依赖的钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)途径在其中起的作用.方法 用NPY(10、100nmol)刺激心肌细胞,用环胞索A(CsA)特异性抑制CaN活性.测定心肌细胞蛋白合成速率(3H-Leu掺入量)、CaN-蛋白表达、c-jun mRNA表达、CaN酶活性、细胞内游离钙含量.结果 (1)在100nmol NPY作用下,心肌细胞3H-Leu掺入量及c-jun mRNA表达量均较对照组显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.001).NPY+CsA组和对照组相比无显著差别.(2)在100 nmol NPY作用下,NPY组心肌细胞内CaN酶比活力、CaN-α表达、胞浆及核内钙含量较对照组显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.001).结论 NPY可刺激心肌细胞肥大,CaN信号途径在其中起重要作用.