心理干预对首发精神分裂症患者的作用

目的:探讨心理干预对首发精神分裂症患者生活质量和社会功能的影响. 方法:120例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例.两组均给予阿立哌唑治疗,观察组在此基础上给予心理干预,观察8周,并随访6个月.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHOQOL-100)及社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)分别于入组时及随访结束时进行评估. 结果:入组时PANSS、WHOQOL-100及SDSS评分两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);随访结束时,观察组PANSS总分、阴性症状、阳性症状和SDSS评分均显著低于对照组(P均<0.01);而WHOQOL-100中生活质量总评、独立性领域、社会关系领域评分均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01). 结论:心理干预有助于缓解首发精神分裂症患者的精神症状,提高生活质量及社会功能.     

心理干预治疗对缓解期精神分裂症的作用

目的探讨精神分裂症患者缓解期应用抗精神病药物联合心理干预治疗的临床疗效及对患者生活质量、社会功能的影响。方法选取123例缓解期精神分裂症患者,随机分为观察组61例,对照组62例。观察组在给予药物治疗的同时联合心理干预治疗,每周进行1次心理干预治疗;对照组只应用药物治疗,观察8周,并随访6个月。治疗前后应用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHOQOL-100)进行评估。结果入组时PANSS、WHOQOL-100及SDSS评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);随访结束时,观察组PANSS总分、阴性症状、阳性症状和SDSS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.01);WHOQOL-100中社会关系领域评分、独立性领域、生活质量总评分均较对照组高(P0.05或0.01)。结论心理干预治疗缓解期精神病分裂症患者效果显著,患者精神情况、生活品质以及社会功能均显著提高。     

早期干预对首发精神分裂症患者的影响

目的：探讨早期干预对首发精神分裂症患者疗效和社会功能康复的影响。方法：干预组为50例首发精神分裂症患者，在药物治疗同时辅以心理和社会综合干预措施，50例与之匹配的对照患者单用药物治疗。采用阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)分别进行随访评定。结果：干预组随访时PANSS阴性量表分的改善明显优于对照组；SDSS的职业和工作、家庭外社会活动、家庭职能、个人生活自理、责任性和计划性5项因子分的改善明显优于对照组。结论：早期干预措施有助于提高精神分裂症患者的疗效和促进社会功能的康复。     

家庭心理干预对首发精神分裂症患者的影响

目的:探讨家庭心理干预对首发精神分裂症患者社会功能及复发率的影响。方法:采用随机抽样方法将84例首发精神分裂症住院患者随机分为干预组和药物组。干预组在药物治疗的基础上,从患者精神症状基本缓解开始实施家庭心理干预。药物组仅接受药物治疗。入组时和治疗9个月、1年后分别进行简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)和社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评定。结果:经9个月的家庭心理干预后,干预组BPRS总分及自知力因子分与药物组相比明显降低。1年后两组患者的治愈率、复发率和病残率均以干预组显著较好。结论:家庭心理干预对提高精神分裂症患者疗效,改善其社会功能,防止复发有重要作用。     

优质护理干预在精神分裂症患者中的应用效果

目的探讨优质护理干预在精神分裂症患者中的应用效果。方法选择我院收治的116例确诊为精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组各58例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在此基础上给予优质护理干预,并采用精神分裂症患者生活质量量表(SQLS)分别对2组治疗前和治疗6个月后的生活质量进行评估。结果 2组治疗后的生活质量量表评分均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组治疗6个月后在症状和不良反应、动力和精力、社会心理3大方面的评分均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论优质护理干预可有效改善精神分裂症患者的症状和不良反应、动力和精力、社会心理等状态,有效提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

上海某区医院-社区一体化康复模式对精神分裂症患者的效果(英文)

背景 精神分裂症患者远期疗效不理想的可能因素之一是住院治疗与社区精神卫生服务间缺乏连贯性。目的 评估医院-社区一体化康复模式对精神分裂症患者康复的疗效。方法 在上海市长宁区10家社区卫生服务中心参与医院-社区一体化康复计划的90例精神分裂症患者作为干预组,从长宁区社区普通管理的门诊精神分裂症患者中随机抽取52例患者作为对照组。由不了解患者分组情况的医生在入组(基线)和12个月后采用阳性与阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)、Morningside康复状态量表(Morningside Rehabilitation Status Scale,MRSS)评估患者情况。同时在上述两个时点采用家庭负担会谈量表(Family Burden Scale,FBS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)和社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale,SSRS)评估患者法定监护人(绝大部分是与患者同住的家属)的情况。结果 入组时,PANSS评估结果显示两组的临床状况相仿,但是MRSS评估结果表明干预组的社会功能明显不如对照组。干预1年后研究组的临床症状和社会功能的改善程度均比对照组显著。1年中,研究组有3例(3.3%)住院,而对照组有6例(11.5%)(Fisher确切概率法,p=0.074)。无论是入组时还是1年后,两组监护人之间在感到的负担、抑郁、焦虑以及自我报告的社会支持等的差异均无显著性,但是干预组患者监护人的抑郁和焦虑症状在1年后得到改善。结论 医院-社区一体化康复模式能促进精神分裂症患者临床症状和社会功能的改善。今后需要进一步开展这一项目,来提高参与一体化康复模式的患者比例,并为患者家属提供更好的心理社会支持服务。     

家属的心理干预对精神分裂症患者康复作用

目的探讨患者家属的心理行为干预对精神分裂症病人康复的影响。方法将200例住院精神病人随机分为研究组和对照组各100例,对研究组患者家属实行心理行为干预,在患者出院时,出院3个月末采用简明精神量表,社会功能缺陷筛选量表进行评定。结果入组时量表评分2组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05),3个月后,各量表评分2组间差异均存在显著性。(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论患者家属的心理干预能有效改善病人的精神症状提高病人的社会功能。     

综合干预对社区精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响

目的:探讨综合干预对社区稳定期精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,将256例精神分裂症患者随机分为干预组133例和对照组123例。干预组在原有药物治疗的基础上进行药物自我管理、症状自我监控、回归社会技能训练和家庭健康教育等综合干预,对照组予单纯药物治疗。分别在干预前、干预3、12个月后进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、个人和社会表现量表(PSP)评定。结果:干预前两组PANSS、PSP评分差异无统计学意义;干预3个月,干预组PANSS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);干预12个月,干预组PSP评分明显高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:在药物治疗的基础上,综合干预能够有效改善稳定期社区精神分裂症患者的社会功能。     

团体心理干预对精神分裂症患者康复及社会功能的影响

目的探讨团体心理干预对精神分裂症患者康复状况及社会功能的影响。方法将本院2016年7月～2018年7月收治的84例精神分裂症患者随机分组,各42例,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组增加团体心理干预,评价两组康复状况及社会功能变化。结果观察组治疗有效率为95.24%,高于对照组为78.575%(P0.05);护理后,观察组患者社会功能各指标评分明显改善,且改善显著优于对照组(P0.05);护理前两组WMS、WCST评分均较低,且比较无明显差异(P0.05);护理后,观察组WMS、WCST评分明显提升,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论加强团体心理干预可以促使精神分裂症患者病情稳定,社会功能得到改善。     

集体心理干预对精神分裂症患者的康复作用

目的 探讨集体心理干预对恢复期精神分裂症患者的康复作用。方法 将200例恢复期住院精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,对其中的100例进行集体心理干预(干预组),并与对照组(未干预)比较。采用BPRS、IPROS、SDS及SAS于干预前和干预后3个月时进行量表评定。结果 干预组在干预后3个月时患者的社会功能缺陷程度明显降低,IPROS总分与干预前比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),BPRS总分较干预前有极显著性差异(P<0.001),同时患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪亦均有明显的减轻,SAS及SDS标准分与干预前比较均有非常显著性差异(P均<0.01);而对照组除BPRS总分较前有显著性差异外(P<0.05),其余各量表均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。两组在干预后各量表评分比较均有非常显著性差异(P均<0.01)。结论 临床上对恢复期精神分裂症患者实施集体心理干预,能帮助患者减轻心理障碍,提高社会适应能力。     

奎硫平对精神分裂症患者生活质量研究

目的:探讨奎硫平、舒必利对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响.方法:对70例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予奎硫平、舒必利治疗6个月.用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定精神症状,用世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表(WHO QOL-100)评定生活质量.结果:治疗6个月后,奎硫平对精神分裂症阳性症状、阴性症状的改善和舒必利相似,PANSS两组间评分差异无显著性.奎硫平组WHO QOL-100各领域除精神支柱外均明显改善,在生活领域、心理领域、独立性领域、社会关系领域较舒必利组有显著改善.结论:奎硫平组患者生活质量优于舒必利组.     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的对照研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法对90例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组，分别给予阿立哌唑、氯氮平治疗6个月。用阳性症状与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定精神症状，用世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表（WHO QOL-100）评定生活质量，用TESS评定药物不良反应。结果治疗6个月后，两组对患者的生活质量均有改善。阿立哌唑组对WHO QOL-100各领域中，除精神支柱领域外，在生理、心理、独立性、社会关系和环境等领域的改善均明显优于氯氮平组；而氯氮平组仅明显改善心理领域。两组PANSS总分较疗前均有极显著性差异（P〈0．01），两组间比较无显著性差异，但阿立哌唑对阴性症状的改善优于氯氮平。阿立哌唑比氯氮平的不良反应少且轻。结论阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的改善优于氯氮平，有利于患者重返社会。     

首发精神分裂症前驱期症状学分析

目的：探讨首发精神分裂症患者前驱期的症状学特征。方法：对71例符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本精神分裂症诊断标准的首次发作患者，按照自编精神分裂症前驱症状调查表的32条症状进行检查，并与62名正常成年人进行对比分析。结果：首发精神分裂症患者所有的前驱症状正常人在某些情况下也可能出现，但发生率以患者明显较高。其中灵敏度≥0．25、阳性预测值≥0．70的症状是：个人卫生形象变差；行为怪异；情感不适切；赘述或话不切题；孤僻等。结论：这些前驱期表现有助于理解精神分裂症早期的发病过程，并为早期识别和干预提供参考。     

Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia spectrum patients with prodromal symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder

We hypothesized that male patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who have prodromal symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have ventricular enlargement compared with non-psychotic OCD patients, and that the difference in the ventricular size would offer a clue to the early detection of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The ventricle-brain ratios (VBRs) in eight male patients with schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) who had prodromal symptoms of OCD were compared with eight male patients with non-psychotic OCD and 14 normal male comparison subjects using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The VBR of the schizophrenia spectrum group was significantly larger than those of the OCD group or comparison subjects. Even the minimum VBR in the schizophrenia spectrum group was larger than the maximum VBR in the OCD group. These results may suggest the usefulness of three-dimensional MRI for early detection of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who manifest OCD symptoms early in the course of the illness.     

Symptomatology of the initial prodromal phase in schizophrenia

The initial prodromal symptoms in schizophrenia were studied in 100 DSM-diagnosed patients and 100 controls. The median number of symptoms in the patients and the controls was 8 (range 2-13) and 0 (range 0-5), respectively. Patients developed symptoms indicating social, occupational, and affective dysfunction, whereas the controls' symptoms included magical content and disturbance in mood. There were significant differences in the frequency of several symptoms appearing in the subtypes. Initial prodromal symptoms were classified into negative, positive-prepsychotic, and positive-disorganization categories. Patients with the disorganized subtype were more likely to have had negative symptoms in the prodromal state, and patients with the paranoid subtype were more likely to have had positive symptoms in the prodromal state. Observation of the course of symptoms from the prodromal to the psychotic state revealed that 58 percent of the symptoms showed increased intensity, 21 percent remained unchanged, 5 percent decreased, 3 percent evolved into other affective difficulties, 9 percent progressed into delusions, 1 percent progressed into hallucinations, and 3 percent disappeared. The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale showed that functioning is differentially affected among the subtypes even in the prodromal phase. These findings provide a better understanding of the initial prodromal state of schizophrenia, the signs and symptoms that best define it, and their prognostic significance.     

A psychological early intervention program for the prepsychotic prodromal state. A case report

We introduce a multimodular, psychological outpatient, intervention program for the treatment of the early prodromal stage which includes individual and group psychotherapy, cognitive training, and family support. The conceptual framework is comprised of the vulnerability and stress-coping concept for schizophrenia. We use cognitive-behavioural strategies which are derived from first-episode and relapse prevention in the treatment of schizophrenia and from the treatment of anxiety disorders and depression. We report the case of a 25-year-old college student in the early prodromal state who was treated by the program. His self-experienced neuropsychological deficits improved, depressive and anxiety symptoms decreased, and positive self-concept was stabilised. During the treatment period of 1 year, social deterioration and prepsychotic and psychotic symptoms were prevented.     

Self-experienced vulnerability, prodromal symptoms and coping strategies preceding schizophrenic and depressive relapses.

For the first time, the present study explores pre-episodic disturbances, i.e. self-experienced vulnerability and prodromal symptoms, and related coping strategies preceding schizophrenic and depressive relapses. After complete recovery from the acute episode, 27 patients with recurrent schizophrenic and 24 patients with recurrent depressive episodes were assessed retrospectively for pre-episodic disturbances and related coping strategies with the "Bonn scale for the assessment of basic symptoms-BSABS". All (100%) of the schizophrenic and 23 (96%) of the depressive patients showed pre-episodic disturbances. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly more often an increased emotional reactivity and certain perception and thought disturbances. Depressive patients reported significantly more often an impaired tolerance to certain stress and disorders of emotion and affect. Sixty-three percent of the schizophrenics and 87% of the depressives reacted to pre-episodic disturbances with coping strategies. The pre-episodic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia could be described in terms of mild psychotic productivity, those in depressives in terms of mild depressive syndrome. Future studies will have to show if these findings can be replicated in first episode or initial prodromal state samples and if the assessment of mild psychotic productivity and mild depressive syndrome can be used for early diagnosis and early intervention in schizophrenia and depression.     

Attempted suicide in hospitalised schizophrenics

A group of 25 hospitalised schizophrenics who had attempted suicide within the past year was compared with another group of 30 hospitalised schizophrenics who had not attempted suicide, using the PSE symptoms. The former had a significantly higher number of symptoms indicative of a depressive disorder. It is concluded that suicidal risk in schizophrenia is significantly raised when there are concomitant depressive symptoms.     

精神分裂症前驱症状的特异性研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症前驱症状的特异性，对精神分裂症早期诊断的价值。方法 对４０例精神分裂症，４０例情感性精神障碍，４０例正常人，进行了定式的精神分裂症前驱症状的分析。结果 发现精神分裂症组在孤僻、退缩，情感淡漠、反应迟钝进话离题、模糊，想法怪异，生活懒散、个人卫生差的发生率明显高于其他组。结论 孤僻、退缩，情感淡漠、反应迟钝，讲话离题、模糊，想法怪异，生活赖散、个人隆重差在精神分裂症的前驱症状中具     

Neuropsychological impairment and psychopathology in first-episode schizophrenic patients related to the early course of illness

The objective of the present study was to explore whether the early course of illness including first onset of psychotic symptoms influences neuropsychological functioning and psychopathology in first-episode schizophrenics. Patients with a short prodromal period (n = 20) and patients with a long prodromal period (n = 20) and controls matched with regard to age, gender and education (n = 40) were administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests and psychopathological rating scales. The results indicate an overall difference in neuropsychological performance with the schizophrenic patients scoring lower than controls. Schizophrenic patients scored significantly lower in all subtests except in visual memory and abstraction/flexibility than controls. No significant difference between neuropsychological performance between patient samples was found. Psychopathology was more pronounced in the long prodromal period group rating higher on negative and affective symptoms compared with the short prodromal period group. The data suggests that neuropsychological deficits in first-episode schizophrenia are independent of the early course of schizophrenia, and although negative symptoms are associated with the length of the prodromal period, they do not imply greater neuropsychological impairment. Received: 30 May 1997 / Accepted: 10 October 1997