用INCU对婴儿培养箱进行质控的应用

目的：掌握医院婴儿培养箱的性能现状,提高婴儿培养箱使用过程中的准确性和安全性。方法：采用专业的质控设备对婴儿培养箱进行质控检测,提出预防性保养和使用过程中的注意事项。结果：提出了保养婴儿培养箱质量的具体方法。结论：总结出婴儿培养箱质控工作的重要意义。     

婴儿培养箱监控系统综述

婴儿培养箱监控系统的作用为收集和分析培养箱中的被测参数,监控、评估其性能及早产儿的健康状态.一个高效的监控系统对确保培养箱的安全运行及监控早产儿的健康状态至关重要.该文介绍了婴儿培养箱监控系统的组成、各组成部分的研究现状和发展趋势,为研发出更加高效好用又符合性能需求的婴儿培养箱监控系统提供了参考.     

婴儿培养箱的质控与研究

目的：通过对婴儿培养箱的质控检测,掌握在用婴儿培养箱的性能现状,并提高其使用的安全性和准确性。方法：采用Fluke专业的质控设备对婴儿培养箱各项指标进行检测。结果：总结出了涉及婴儿培养箱检测不合格的相关因素。结论：提出了预防性保养以及使用过程中的注意事项和改进方法,以提高设备的整体性能。     

婴儿培养箱的安全使用与维护保养

婴儿培养箱能够为婴儿提供一个恒定的温度和湿度生长环境,对其安全性和稳定性要求高,使用人员必须充分了解婴儿培养箱的基本性能,熟练掌握培养箱的操作程序,定期做好质量检查、维护保养及报警功能的检测,才能更好地发挥设备效能。     

婴儿培养箱备用及使用时间的内环境污染相关性调查

婴儿培养箱主要用于早产儿、病弱婴儿,在抢救治疗中起着非常重要的作用,然而,婴儿培养箱备用和使用时间没有明确规定,使用中存在随意性.为了解不同环境下、不同时间段培养箱内环境污染状况,我们对婴儿培养箱备用及使用时间的内环境污染相关性进行调查,为规范管理提供数据支持.     

基于T/CAME37-2021团体标准的婴儿培养箱运行性能参数实时监测

目的:依据国家卫生部关于《婴儿培养箱温度和湿度实时监测系统技术要求》(T/CAME37-2021)团体标准,研制婴儿培养箱温度和相对湿度实时监测系统,对婴儿培养箱运行性能参数实时监测与分析,提升婴儿培养箱使用的安全管理.方法:软件设计从采集→显示→传输→展示及分析整个过程的功能出发,将感知层、传输层和应用层3层功能串联...     

多种电脑婴儿培养箱的原理与日常维修

我院电脑婴儿培养箱有20台左右，目前我院有4种品牌的电脑婴儿培养箱，一种是上海医用恒设备厂的YXK-5G型和YXK-7G型；二是宁波戴维医疗器械厂生产的培养箱，与第一种原理一样；三是南京金陵自幼调温床厂的NC-Y3C-3型婴儿箱；四是日本进口ATOM婴儿培养箱V-2100G(A)。下面主要谈谈婴儿箱的原理。     

外置注入式婴儿培养箱消毒装置的实现原理及设计

该研究首先阐述了婴儿培养箱消毒的重要性,然后从臭氧的消毒机理展开讨论,根据婴儿培养箱的结构特点和臭氧消毒的优势,结合临床应用得到臭氧消毒的实现原理,提出一种外置注入式婴儿培养箱消毒装置的设计方法。该设计通过在婴儿培养箱箱体外安装一套消毒装置,利用该装置中的电子臭氧发生器现场制取臭氧消毒气体,经输气管将臭氧消毒气体注入婴儿培养箱箱体内,在一定浓度和时间的作用下达到消毒的目的,为婴儿培养箱消毒提供了一套安全有效、简单实用的臭氧消毒方法,且该消毒装置具有设计合理、创意新颖、制作简单、操作方便,以及消毒无死角、无二次残留污染等优点。     

婴儿培养箱自动质量控制检测系统的研制与应用

研制一种婴儿培养箱自动质量控制检测系统,以帮助医院开展婴儿培养箱的质量控制工作。为常见品牌的婴儿培养箱和质量控制检测设备设计不同的数据采集模块,采集数据后通过无线网络(WiFi)技术发送至服务器,服务器端负责接收和存储数据,并自动生成质量控制检测报告。使用自动质量控制检测系统对医院3种品牌的婴儿培养箱进行检测,可以自动生成质量控制报告,得出检测结果。相比传统人工记录方法,不仅保证数据准确性,而且能够减少约120 min的操作时间,节省了大量的人力,能够实现自动化的婴儿培养箱质量控制检测,有效解决了人员不足的难题,有利于保证设备的安全性和有效性。     

婴儿培养箱温度报警控制器的设计

为避免婴儿培养箱加热温度过高对婴儿产生危险，该研究设计一款婴儿培养箱专用的温度报警控制器，以单片机为控制核心，通过霍尔传感器检测电流、温度传感器监测温度，使用数码管显示监测到的温度，使用继电器作为断电控制器，使用蜂鸣器作为报警器，从而保证临床使用婴儿培养箱时的医疗安全。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.