教职工两次体检B超项异常检出对比分析

目的了解教职工健康状况,比较两次B超检查结果的变化。方法对2000年和2005年重庆医科大学教职工B超检查结果进行比较分析。结果2000年参加体检总人数741例,B超检出异常率47.4%;2005年参加体检总人数969例,B超检出异常率45.3%。2005年与2000年比较,男性脂肪肝检出率由11.8%降为7.6%,女性脂肪肝检出率由7.8%降为4.3%,男性肝胆结石检出率由7.1%降为3.9%,女性肝胆结石检出率由9.4%降为5.8%,男性胆囊切除检出率由2.5%升为5.4%,女性胆囊切除检出率由5.1%升为8.5%。差异均有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论2005年较2000年脂肪肝、肝胆结石检出率下降,胆囊切除检出率增加,不同年龄阶段的两次体检B超项目异常结果比较基本类似。     

高校教职工B超检查结果分析

目的了解教职工健康体检中腹部B超检查结果及其意义,为预防保健工作提供依据。方法对765名教职工的肝、胆、胰、脾、肾B超检查结果进行分析。结果B超检查异常的总检出率为28.89%;检出的前5种疾病依次为脂肪肝(14.90%)、胆结石(3.79%)、肝囊肿(3.27%)、肝血管瘤(3.27%)、胆囊息肉(1.70%);脂肪肝的检出率随年龄增长而增加,男性为22.73%,女性为8.23%,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.48,P<0.01)。结论B超检查能及时发现无症状的疾病,为早期诊断和治疗疾病提供依据。     

某高校922名教职工脂肪肝检出情况分析

目的了解教职工脂肪肝检出情况,制定干预措施。方法对我校922例教职工体检资料中B超检查脂肪肝的检出情况进行统计分析。结果脂肪肝检出率23.43%,其中男性为29.96%,女性为15.89%,男性高于女性;随年龄增长脂肪肝的检出率呈逐步增加趋势。结论教职工的脂肪肝检出率较高,应引起高度重视,学校医院应加强卫生宣教,教职工应通过调整饮食结构,适量运动,控制体重等措施防治脂肪肝。     

高校教职工B超检查结果分析

目的了解教职工健康体检中腹部B超检查结果及其意义,为预防保健工作提供依据。方法对765名教职工的肝、胆、胰、脾、肾B超检查结果进行分析。结果B超检查异常的总检出率为28．89％;检出的前5种疾病依次为脂肪肝（14．90％）、胆结石（3．79％）、肝囊肿（3．27％）、肝血管瘤（3．27％）、胆囊息肉（1．70％）;脂肪肝的检出率随年龄增长而增加,男性为22．73％,女性为8．23％,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义（X^2=31．48,P〈0．01）。结论B超检查能及时发现无症状的疾病,为早期诊断和治疗疾病提供依据。     

北京邮电大学教职工B超检查结果分析

目的了解高校教职工健康状况,为高校保健工作提供依据。方法对北京邮电大学2 443名高校教职工2010年健康体检的B超检查结果进行分析。结果教职工B超检查异常的总体检出率为51.9%,检出的前8种疾病依次为脂肪肝(23.99%)、子宫肌瘤(22.63%)、肝囊肿(8.84%)、肾囊肿(7.86%)、卵巢囊肿(6.90%)、胆囊结石(4.99%)、胆囊息肉(4.63%)、肾结石(2.25%)。脂肪肝、肾囊肿、胆囊息肉、肾结石的检出率均为男性高于女性。脂肪肝的检出率在60岁之前随年龄增高而增高,在60岁之后随年龄增高而下降。肝囊肿、肾囊肿、胆囊结石的检出率均随年龄升高而升高。结论高校教职工的健康状况较差。应有针对性地加强健康教育,减少疾病发生。     

河南科技学院教职工B超普查结果分析

[目的]探讨B超检查在健康体检中的价值。[方法]对1075名高校教职工进行肝、胆、脾、肾脏器B型超声检查。[结果]共检出异常病例230人,阳性率为21.40%。检出率占前6位的疾病由高到低的排列次序,男性是脂肪肝、脾大、肝内胆管结石、肾囊肿、肾结石和胆囊结石;女性是脂肪肝、胆囊结石、肝内胆管结石、肾囊肿、肾结石和脾大。男女均以脂肪肝的检出率最高,男性检出率明显高于女性(P﹤0.01),阳性率随年龄增长而上升。[结论]B型超声检查对早期发现无症状的腹部疾病具有诊断价值。     

内蒙古农业大学教职工体检结果分析

目的通过分析教职工的体检资料,了解教职工的健康状况,为开展健康管理提供理论依据。方法收集2014年参加内蒙古农业大学医院健康体检的1 473名在职教职工的体检资料,并对体检数据进行统计分析。结果教职工检出率居前3位的主要疾病或异常指标依次为高血脂、脂肪肝、超质量和肥胖,检出率分别为48.27%,41.82%和32.79%。男性教职工高血脂、脂肪肝、超质量和肥胖、高血压、异常心电图、胆囊壁粗糙、胆囊结石的检出率均明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同年龄段教职工高血脂、脂肪肝、超质量和肥胖、异常心电图、高血压、高血糖、胆囊结石的检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高校教职工的健康状况与职业特点、精神心理因素、不健康的生活方式密切相关,应加强健康教育和定期体检,以增强教职工的自我保健意识,预防慢性病发生。     

番禺口岸2 583名出入境人员B超检查结果分析

目的 通过对出入境人员健康体检中B超检查结果进行分析,为出入境人员进行健康咨询和医学指导提供依据.方法 收集了2 583名体检者的B超检查结果,进行统计学处理分析.结果 共检出23类疾病437例,总检出率为16.92%;男性与女性患病率比较差异无统计学意义(x2＝1.159,P＞0.05).其中脂肪肝82例,检出率最高,为3.17%.其次是肾结石,检出率为2.05%,30～50岁年龄段检出率较高.结论 本组资料表明,出入境人员经B超检查发现的主要疾病为脂肪肝、肾结石和胆结石,体检结果为预防保健工作提供了科学依据.     

某高校922名教职工脂肪肝检出情况分析

目的了解教职工脂肪肝栓出情况,制定干预措施。方法对我校922例教职工体检资料中B超检查脂肪肝的检出情况进行统计分析。结果脂肪肝检出率23．43％,其中男性为29．96％,女性为15．89％,男性高于女性;随年龄增长脂肪肝的检出率呈逐步增加趋势。结论教职工的脂肪肝检出率较高,应引起高度重视,学校医院应加强卫生宣教,教职工应通过调整饮食结构,适量运动,控制体重等措施防治脂肪肝。     

西南政法大学1178名教职工健康状况分析

目的了解教职工的健康状况,为有针对性地开展预防保健和健康教育提供依据。方法对1178名教职工进行全面的体检并对结果进行分析。结果体检异常者1086例,检出率为92.19%。体检异常类共46种,前10位顺位是:高脂血症、脂肪肝、肝囊肿、高血压、心电图异常、血小板减少、高尿酸血症、胆结石、糖尿病、HBsAg阳性。男性前5位是:高脂血症、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝、心电图异常、高血压;女性前5位是:高脂血症、宫颈炎、肝囊肿、脂肪肝、高血压;高脂血症、高血压、心电图异常、血小板减少、高尿酸血症、糖尿病的检出率男性高于女性(P<0.05)。结论我校教职工的健康状况不容乐观,定期组织全面的体检,加强对教职工的健康教育,提高教职工的自我保健意识,是预防疾病和早期发现、早期诊断、早治疗疾病的有效方法。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.