缺血预处理对急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗冠脉再通及预后的影响

目的缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗后冠脉血管再通率及近期预后的影响。方法对86例AMI并进行尿激酶溶栓患者的临床资料进行分析,按梗死前有无心绞痛分为心绞痛组（IP）与非心绞痛组（对照组）,比较两组患者对心肌酶浓度、冠脉再通率、左室功能及心脏事件发生率的影响。结果（1）IP组尿激酶溶栓血管再通率及再通速率高于对照组（P〈0．05）;（2）IP组AMI后血清心肌酶峰值、梗死面积及心脏主要并发症及住院病死率明显降低对照组（P〈0．05）;（3）IP组AMI后EF恢复优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论梗死前心绞痛对缺血心肌起明显的保护作用;对提高AMI溶栓后血管再通率、从而减少梗死面积和心肌的损害程度,降低病死率。     

心肌缺血预适应对初发急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的影响

目的:探讨心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者病情及近期死亡率的影响。方法:124例AMI患者按梗死前24小时有、无心绞痛分为A、B两组,进行对比分析。结果:心叽酶学峰值,心肌梗死面积,AMI主要并发症如心律失常、左心衰竭、休克及住院病死率A组明显低于B组(两组间有显著差异P<0.05)。结论:心肌缺血预适应可限制梗死面积,对缺血心肌有明显的保护作用,可改善近期预后。     

心肌缺血预适应在急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

探讨心肌缺血预适应性对急性心肌梗死的影响。本文对75例急性心肌梗死患者按有无梗死前心绞痛分为两组,A组41例,B组34例,两组的性别、年龄无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,观察两组梗死面积心肌酶,并发症。结果表明有心绞痛组,心肌梗死范围,心肌酶学峰值,左心衰明显低于无梗死前心绞痛组（P＜0．05）。结论：心肌缺血预适应可以限制梗死面积扩大,降低死亡率。     

心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死心电图ST段形态的影响

目的　探讨心肌缺血预适应 (IP)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)心电图ST段形态的影响及其可能的机制。方法　 10 3例初发AMI患者按入院时心电图AMI相关导联ST段抬高的形态分为 2组 ,凹面向上抬高组 (A组 =4 6 )与凸面向上抬高组 (B组 =5 7) ,根据AMI发生前 2 4h至少出现 1次典型心绞痛的症状为标准 ,比较A组与B组各占的频率。结果　A组梗死前 2 4h内出现心绞痛 34例 ,占 73 91% ;B组为 14例 ,占 2 4 5 6 %。梗死前无心绞痛A组 12例 ,占 2 6 0 9% ;B组 4 3例 ,占 75 4 4 %。 2组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　心肌缺血预适应是AMIST段凹面向上抬高的机制之一 ,根据心电图ST段凹面抬高的AMI推断其梗死前存在缺血预适应 ,以及由于缺血预适应产生的心肌保护作用对临床有重要意义。     

梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗的影响

目的：观察梗死前心绞痛的发生对急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗的影响。方法：将62例AMI患按有无心绞痛发作分为梗死前心绞痛组及对照组,比较两组溶栓治疗后心肌再灌注和心律失常情况。结果：梗死前心绞痛组溶栓再通率为60％,对照组为31．25％,两组相比有明显差异（P＜0．05）,梗死前心绞痛组心律失常发生率为43．3％,对照组为75％,两组相比也有明显差异（P＜0．05）,结论：梗死前心绞痛可作为心肌缺血预处理,对心肌起到有效的保护作用。     

心肌缺血预适应对初发急性心肌梗死病人临床及预后的影响

目的探讨心肌缺血预适应对初发急性心肌梗死（AMI）病人梗死范围及近期预后的影响。方法对116例初发AMI骗人．按梗死前48h有无心绞痛分为缺血预适应组（IPC，64例）、无缺血预适应组（NIPC，52例），对比分析两组病人的临床资料。结果IPC组比NIPC组的心肌梗死范围小（P〈0．05），血清心肌酶学峰值低（P〈0．05），恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、室壁瘤发生率及病死率均明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论心肌缺血预适应具有保护心肌、缩小梗死范围。改善近期预后的作用。     

心肌缺血预适应对89例心肌梗死临床及预后的影响

目的　探讨心肌缺血预适应 (IP)对心肌梗死临床及预后的影响。方法　对 89例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床资料进行分析。根据梗死前有无心绞痛分为IP、P两组。结果　IP组小面积心肌梗死发生率高于对照组 ,而肌酸磷酸激酶 (CK)和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)峰值、KollipⅡ级以上泵衰竭和梗死后心绞痛发生率、住院病死率均明显低于对照组 ,但两组恶性心律失常发生率无明显差异。结论　梗死前心绞痛对AMI具有保护作用 ,主要表现为能限制梗死面积的扩大 ,维护梗死后心功能 ,降低泵衰竭发生率和住院病死率     

合用卡托普利和氯沙坦对大鼠急性心肌梗死后梗死区胶原修复及早期左心室重构的影响

目的探讨大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后早期联用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)对梗死区生长因子及胶原浓度的影响以及继而对左心室重构的影响。方法AMI大鼠随机分成对照组、卡托普利组和合用组,用药14d后测定梗死区及非梗死区血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及羟脯氨酸含量、心功能、左心室容积及重量。结果合用组梗死区AngⅡ、羟脯氨酸含量低于卡托普利组,TGF-β1也有减低趋势,而非梗死区AngⅡ、TGF-β1及羟脯氨酸含量2组间无差异。用药组对心脏功能的影响差异无显著性,合用组左心室舒张功能有低于卡托普利组的趋势;合用组左心室重量大于卡托普利组,但2组左心室容积差异无显著性。结论AMI后早期联用ACEI和ARB降低梗死区生长因子及胶原含量,不利于梗死区修复和左心室的较早期重构。     

心肌缺血预适应对老年急性心肌梗死患者近期病死率的影响

目的探讨心肌缺血预适应对老年急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者近期病死率的影响．方法对照分析33例有心肌缺血预适应老年AMI患者（A组）与22例无心肌缺血预适应老年AMI患者（B组）的临床资料。结果A组肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）与肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶MB（CK-MB）峰值、泵功能障碍发生率及近期死亡率均显著低于B组（P＜0．05～0．01）。结论CPK与CK-MB峰值的降低，提示心肌缺血预适应有缩小心肌梗死范围的作用；由于梗死范围缩小，故泵功能障碍发生率降低，这是使有心肌缺血预适应老年AMI患者近期病死率降低的主要原因。     

C反应蛋白与不同类型冠心病相关性的临床研究

目的:通过炎症反应标志物C反应蛋白(CRP)探讨炎症与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)的关系,及其在急性心肌梗死(AMI)中发生心脏事件的特点。方法:受试者共 141 例,ACS组 71 例,其中AMI组31例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组40例;SAP组32例;对照组38例。CRP含量测定采用免疫比浊法。结果:①ACS组CRP显著高于对照组。②AMI组 CRP显著高于 UAP组、SAP组、对照组。③UAP组与 SAP组及对照组相比CRP增高,均差异有统计学意义。④SAP组与对照组相比 ,CRP升高差异无统计学意义。⑤AMI组中CRP在发病后48 h达到峰值。⑥AMI组中发生心脏事件亚组的 CRP明显高于其中未发生心脏事件亚组。结论:发生ACS时CRP显著升高,表明ACS过程中存在炎症反应,并在一定程度上反映心肌损伤及坏死的严重程度。AMI中 CRP显著升高时,可较好地预测AMI心脏事件的发生。     

Anaerobic myocardial abscess following myocardial infarction

An anaerobic myocardial abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis developed in a 60-year-old man when he had an acute myocardial infarction while recuperating from surgery for a paracolonic abscess. Anaerobic bacteremia is a common event and may lead to infection in areas of low oxygen tension far removed from the original portal of entry.     

曲尼司特对心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨曲尼司特对兔心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化干预作用。方法结扎左前降支制作兔心肌梗死模型,分实验组和对照组。3周后经胃管分别给予曲尼司特及安慰剂1月,心脏彩超评价心功能并检测血清转化生长因子（transform ing growth factor,TGF-β1）,I、III型胶原浓度及组织羟脯胺酸含量。结果实验组治疗前后心功能、心腔内径、室壁厚度明显改善,血清TGF-β1,I、III型胶原浓度及羟脯胺酸含量较对照组明显下降。结论曲尼司特可有效拮抗心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化,预防心室重构。     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.     

Assessment of myocardial viability using myocardial contrast echocardiography

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a technique that uses microbubbles as a tracer during simultaneous ultrasound of the heart. The microbubbles can be used to provide quantitative information regarding the adequacy of myocardial blood flow (MBF), as well as the spatial extent of microvascular integrity. In acute myocardial infarction, MCE can identify the presence of collateral flow within the risk area, and can therefore predict preservation of myocardial viability and ultimate infarct size even prior to reperfusion. After reperfusion, the extent of microvascular no-reflow can be determined, and has significant implications for recovery of left ventricular function. In chronic ischemic heart disease, MCE has also been shown to successfully differentiate viable from necrotic myocardium. This technique can accurately predict recovery of function after revascularization. More importantly, MCE can be used to identify viable segments that may help to prevent infarct expansion and remodeling, and thus improve patient outcomes.     

Assessment of myocardial viability with myocardial contrast echocardiography

The application of noninvasive imaging techniques to assess myocardial viability has become an important part of routine management of patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary artery disease. Information regarding the presence and extent of viability may help identify patients likely to benefit from revascularization or therapy directed at attenuating left ventricular remodeling. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is capable of defining the presence and extent of viability by providing an accurate assessment of microvascular integrity needed to maintain myocellular viability. It is especially suited for the spatial assessment of perfusion, even when myocardial blood flow is reduced substantially in the presence of severe epicardial stenoses or in a bed dependent on collateral perfusion. The routine use of MCE to evaluate viability in patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease is now feasible with the advent of new imaging technologies and microbubble agents capable of myocardial opacification from venous injections. The utility of this technique for determining treatment strategies has not been established but is forthcoming.     

Emergency myocardial revascularization in acute evolving myocardial infarct

Immediate coronary artery bypass for acute evolving myocardial infarction could be the elective therapy if provided on useful time, because myocardial salvage can be achieved by early reperfusion. Thirty eight patients had emergency coronary artery by-pass graft for acute evolving myocardial infarction during the early phase: 35 were male, the mean age was 51 years (34 to 74). The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and surgery in this series of patients was two hours and a half. This interval seems to be also the time limit in our experience to get a partial or complete recovery of ischemic area. Four patients died in hospital, but they were in severe cardiogenic shock before emergency surgery. Twenty nine cases were free of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 18 months (6 to 36) and two suffered for residual angina. Three patients died after discharge few months later: two during redo emergency vein grafts operations, one in deep left ventricular failure, while he was waiting for heart transplant. All these patients operated on as emergency developed acute myocardial infarction during their stay in hospital waiting for catheter study, surgical operation or during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Saphenous vein grafts, were used in twenty nine patients, left internal mammary artery in nine cases, single in four and associated to saphenous vein in five, with an average number of anastomoses of 2.6 (1 to 6) for patient. ECG was found to be normal in 76% of the patients operated on within two hours and a half from the beginning of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Silent myocardial ischemia after acute myocardial infarction.

Silent ischemia after myocardial infarction has definite prognostic significance but should be interpreted within the context of other prognostic indicators. The rationale for therapeutic intervention is based on the prognostic implications of silent ischemia and the potentially deleterious effect of repeated episodes of ischemia on the integrity of the left ventricle. We measured parameters of ischemia in 20 patients who showed asymptomatic ischemic ST-T changes on exercise testing in the early phase after myocardial infarction. After diltiazem administration, a reduction of exercise-induced ST-T depression from 2.3 +/- 0.8 to 0.7 +/- 0.6 mm (p less than 0.01) occurred, and regional wall-motion score at exercise, determined by radionuclide angiography, improved significantly (p less than 0.02). These and other observations warrant further studies in which the duration, severity and frequency of the ischemic episodes should be quantified and correlated with prognosis after myocardial infarction.