膝关节镜下后交叉韧带重建术

为使膝关节后交叉韧带重建手术定位准确、固定牢固、减小手术创伤 ,能够早期功能康复 ,于 1997年 11月开展膝关节镜下后交叉韧带重建手术 ,至 1999年 4月共治疗后交叉韧带断裂患者 7例 ,近期观察效果良好。结果表明关节镜下手术创伤小 ,骨道定位准确 ,能够做到等长重建。应用自体髌腱 (中 1/ 3)移植重建后交叉韧带 ,两端带有骨块 ,重建的韧带最终可达到牢固的生物学固定 ,是较为理想的自体重建材料。根据实践 ,结合具体病例 ,介绍了膝关节镜下重建后交叉韧带的经验。     

膝关节韧带联合损伤的关节镜治疗后康复护理效果分析

目的探讨关节镜下膝关节前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带、内侧副韧带、外侧副韧带、后外侧结构联合损伤的康复护理效果。方法2003年10月—2005年11月,采用关节镜下重建交叉韧带,修复或重建侧副韧带和后外侧结构治疗急性膝联合韧带损伤12例。术后早期等长肌力练习、早期完全负重、早期本体感觉练习、早期被动练习。出院后随诊并功能评分。结果12例均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均14个月。Lysholm评分:优2例,良8例,可2例。关节稳定性良好,有2例腘绳肌腱重建者抽屉试验Ⅰ度阳性。膝关节屈曲超过120°者9例,90~120°者3例。结论膝关节联合韧带损伤关节镜手术治疗配合正确的康复护理可取得良好效果。     

创伤性膝关节脱位伴多发韧带损伤的早期手术修复重建

目的探讨创伤性急性膝关节脱位伴多发韧带损伤早期手术修复、重建的疗效。方法 2006年10月—2012年12月经早期手术治疗的28例急性膝关节脱位伴多发韧带损伤的患者。所有病例均于早期行关节镜下前、后交叉韧带重建以及侧副韧带修补。重建材料选择异体肌腱,侧副韧带修补采用切开缝合或带线锚钉修复。伴随的其他组织损伤,如半月板、骨软骨损伤等均同期处理。根据Lysholm膝关节评分表对患膝功能进行评估。结果本组28例患者均获随访,平均随访时间为(28.4±2.4)个月。受伤至手术时间7~14(9.3±0.6)d。末次随访所有患者伸膝无明显受限,膝关节屈曲(110±20)°,膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(84.0±8.0)分,与术前(40.1±5.2)分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论创伤性膝关节多发韧带损伤可早期在关节镜下行前、后交叉韧带联合重建,同期行关节内外韧带结构修复增强,治疗效果满意。     

膝关节内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带联合损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨关节镜下膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)、后交叉韧带(PCL)、内侧副韧带联合损伤(Ⅲ度膝关节外翻伤)的手术治疗方法。方法关节镜下同时联合重建ACL、PCL并修复内侧副韧带和内侧关节囊，8例交叉韧带重建材料来源于自体双侧髌腱中1／3骨-腱-骨结构，8例采用同种异体髌腱重建，交叉韧带重建的同时进行膝关节内侧副韧带和关节囊的修补。术后佩戴可调式卡盘支具3个月，并给予严格的康复训练。结果术后随访6～18个月，所有患者主观感觉以及膝关节稳定程度恢复良好，均进行正常生活与工作，同种异体髌腱移植重建比自体髌腱移植重建前后交叉韧带手术时间短，效果更好，没有发现明显的排异反应和感染传染性疾病的现象。结论1期行关节镜手术治疗膝关节内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带／后交叉韧带联合损伤，使用安全，效果满意；同种异体髌腱是重建物是一个可以选择的来源，效果优于自体髌腱移植重建。     

关节镜下髌韧带与腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效比较

目的比较分析膝关节镜下自体髌韧带与腘绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法回顾分析49例膝关节镜下自体髌韧带移植重建ACL及54例自体腘绳肌腱移植重建ACL的情况，随访24～48个月，平均31．6个月。采用Lysholm膝关节评分、国际膝关节文献编制委员会分级评估标准和KT-1000关节测量仪测定稳定性评价疗效。结果两组间患者满意度、关节稳定性及功能差异均无统计学意义。髌韧带重建组膝痛发生率较腘绳肌腱组高(37％比11％)。结论关节镜下髌韧带与腘绳肌腱移植重建ACL的疗效相同。ACL重建中等长重建、牢固固定及早期康复锻炼对疗效更有决定作用。     

铰链式外固定支架联合韧带重建治疗膝关节脱位1例

笔者对1例膝关节脱位伴前后交叉韧带断裂的病例应用铰链式外固定支架联合韧带重建治疗后，效果较好。手术治疗创伤导致的复杂膝关节脱位时，可于早期治疗阶段应用铰链式膝关节外固定支架。由于在该阶段保护移植物、骨及软组织，铰链式外固定支架允许行前后交叉韧带断裂分期重建及术后早期功能锻炼，可减少出现关节僵硬、纤维化等并发症的风险。     

LARS人工韧带在前交叉韧带重建术中应用的研究进展

前交叉韧带(ACL)是维持膝关节稳定的重要结构之一, 同时也是膝关节运动中最易损伤的结构。ACL损伤常导致患者膝关节不稳, 阻碍患者重返运动, 继发膝关节退行性病变。目前, 临床上常选择自体移植物重建ACL, 但存在取材范围有限、供区并发症、无法早期重返运动等问题。韧带增强重建系统(LARS)人工韧带具有来源广泛、无供区并发症、快速康复等优势, 因而可避免自体移植物重建ACL的相关问题, 近年来受到越来越多的关注。因此, 笔者就LARS人工韧带的特点及其在ACL重建中应用的研究进展进行综述, 为临床治疗ACL损伤提供参考。     

交叉韧带损伤的早期手术治疗

目的　探讨膝关节交叉韧带损伤的早期手术治疗方法与效果。方法　分析 1989年 5月～ 1999年 5月收治的 4 1例交叉韧带损伤病例的临床资料。韧带上下止点撕脱骨折 2 9例 ,前交叉韧带实质断裂 12例 ,膝关节合并伤 2 1例。 4 1例均在伤后 1～ 19天内手术。撕脱性骨折用钢丝固定 ;实质断裂直接缝合 5例 ,骨 -膑腱 -骨重建前交叉韧带 7例。结果　在获得随访的 38例中 ,平均随访时间 4 .2年 ,撕脱性骨折手术优良率 88% ;实质断裂直接缝合优良率 2 0 % ,骨 -膑腱 -骨重建优良率 6 0 %。结论　交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折早期手术效果良好 ,实质断裂骨 -膑腱 -骨重建效果较好 ,直接缝合效果较差。     

膝关节脱位（12例报告）

本文报告12例膝关节脱位，并体克7例；9例手术，利用髂胫束施行膝前、后交叉韧带重建6例，效果满意。胭动脉损伤3例，行血管移植、修补或栓子摘除术．无一例截肢。对本病的早期前，后交叉韧带重建方法和交叉韧带尸体测量结果进行了讨论。     

关节镜下手术治疗膝关节前交叉韧带急性损伤

目的 探索关节镜下微创诊断、修复与重建急性膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）的方法 。方法 对356例ACL急性损伤的患者施行早期关节镜治疗,关节镜下采用自体中1/3髌韧带两端带骨块（B-PT-B）重建前交叉韧带,随访2年,采用Lysholm评分系统评价效果。结果 平均随访2年,Lysholm评分由术前平均40±6分提高到术后平均80±9分。结论 ACL急性损伤时,早期施以关节镜手术,创伤小,可同时处理合并伤,对于早期稳定膝关节有重要的作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.