Early and late outcomes in patients with severe extracranial internal carotid stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy

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颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效

目的　评价颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效。方法　 1993年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,共 2 0例患者在中山医院接受 2 1次颈动脉内膜切除术。男性 19例 ,女性 1例 ,年龄 4 7- 76岁 ,平均 6 4± 9岁。其中缺血性中风患者 7例 ,一过性脑缺血者 11例 ,无神经症状者 2例。所有患者均行术前颈动脉Duplex超声检查 ,19例同时行DSA检查 ,18例行MRA检查。狭窄度测定方法同NASCET。 2 1侧手术的颈内动脉中 ,19侧狭窄≥ 70 % ,2侧狭窄 6 0 % - 6 9%伴斑块溃疡。手术均采取颈丛麻醉 ,术中选择性地应用转流管和补片缝合。术后定期行超声检查和随访。结果　术后 30天内无死亡和中风。围手术期有 1例TIA和 2例术后颅神经损伤。 2 0例患者随访 1- 6 3月 ,平均31± 2 0月。术后 2年生存率和中风发生率为 92 3%和 0 % ,5年生存率和中风发生率为 79 1%和 12 5 %。 2例随访中超声检查发现手术侧颈内动脉 5 0 % - 6 0 %的再狭窄。结论　本组病例中 ,颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄取得了满意的围手术期结果和预防中风的远期疗效。     

颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效

目的　评价颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄近、远期疗效.方法　1993年5月至2000年6月,共20例患者在中山医院接受21次颈动脉内膜切除术.男性19例,女性1例,年龄47-76岁,平均64±9岁.其中缺血性中风患者7例,一过性脑缺血者11例,无神经症状者2例.所有患者均行术前颈动脉Duplex超声检查,19例同时行DSA检查,18例行MRA检查.狭窄度测定方法同NASCET.21侧手术的颈内动脉中,19侧狭窄≥70%,2侧狭窄60%-69%伴斑块溃疡.手术均采取颈丛麻醉,术中选择性地应用转流管和补片缝合.术后定期行超声检查和随访.结果　术后30天内无死亡和中风.围手术期有1例TIA和2例术后颅神经损伤.20例患者随访1-63月,平均31±20月.术后2年生存率和中风发生率为92.3%和0%,5年生存率和中风发生率为79.1%和12.5%.2例随访中超声检查发现手术侧颈内动脉50%-60%的再狭窄.结论　本组病例中,颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颅外颈内动脉重度狭窄取得了满意的围手术期结果和预防中风的远期疗效.     

Preliminary results of combined carotid endarterectomy and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases

Background Coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases are common and patients with them remain at a high risk for perioperative stroke or myocardial infarction after coronary bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined carotid endarterectomy （CEA） and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases. Methods Between January 2002 and December 2007, consecutive patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases underwent one-stage unilateral CEA and off-pump CABG in Heart Institute of Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. Perioperative complications were assessed and follow-up was carried out. Results A total of 51 cases of isolated off-pump CABG and unilateral CEA, including 34 right and 17 left, were performed. The mean blocked time of carotid artery in CEA was （25.5_±7.0） minutes. The mean number of distal grafts per patient was 3.30±0.45. The mean ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, and postoperative hospital stay was （11.3±5.4） hours, （2.1±0.9） days, and （12.5±6.1） days respectively. None of the patients had stroke or myocardial infarct. There was one perioperative death due to acute cardiac failure, resulting in an operative mortality of 1.96%. Follow-up was completed for 47 patients （92.16%） with a mean follow-up of （39.5±12.5） months. None of the patients manifested stroke, new angina or newly developed cardiac infarct. No late death occurred. Conclusion Combined CEA and off-pump CABG is a safe and effective procedure in selected patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases.     

综合护理干预预防 ICU 失禁性皮炎的临床观察

目的观察综合护理干预预防ICU失禁性皮炎的护理效果。方法选取2015年1月~2017年1月我院ICU住院治疗的患者80例,随机分为对照组和干预组,每组40例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组实施综合护理,应用统计学方法比较两组患者的IAD的发生率、愈合时间及护理满意度。结果干预组发生IAD共4例,占10.0%,对照组发生IAD共12例,占30.0%,干预组患者重度IAD发生率25.0%,明显低于对照组的66.7%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组护理效果的总有效率达97.5%,明显高于对照组的77.5%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组患者IAD愈合时间(4.38±1.13)d,明显短于对照组患者IAD愈合时间(5.39±1.82)d,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组患者的护理满意度为97.5%,明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论综合护理干预有利于降低ICU失禁性皮炎的发生率,护理效果好,愈合快,护理满意度高。     

参麦注射液联合右旋糖酐、阿司匹林在预防颈动 脉内膜剥脱术后并发症中的应用价值

目的 探讨围手术期应用参麦注射液联合右旋糖酐、阿司匹林预防颈动脉内膜剥脱（CEA）术后 并发症中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析齐齐哈尔医学院附属第三医院接受在CEA 手术治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者 122 例作为观察对象,根据患者围手术期处理措施分为A、B、C 3 组,A 组39 例仅施行建立临时转流的CEA 手术,B 组35 例CEA 术后早期应用右旋糖酐与阿司匹林抗凝抗栓治疗方案,C 组48 例CEA 围手术期静滴参 麦注射液,术后早期应用右旋糖酐与阿司匹林抗凝抗栓方案,比较3 组治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果 3 组 患者术后6 个月头晕、视力模糊、面部针扎感、上肢沉重感、大脑中动脉收缩期峰值、颈动脉收缩期峰值比较 差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。3 组患者围手术期在过度灌注、局部血肿、脑组织损伤和心率、血压降低各项 比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,在主要并发症发生情况总体比较中差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,组间两两 比较,A 组与C 组比较,B 组与C 组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.0167）。术后脑卒中、心肌梗死、死亡的 比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,总体发生情况的比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,组间两两比较,A 组与 C 组比较,B 组与C 组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.0167）。3 组患者在1 年后随访致残、致死性卒中,以 及总体情况比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 CEA 围手术期应用参麦注射液联合右旋糖酐、阿司匹林 可有效降低CEA 围手术期并发症及不良结局发生率,并且对手术治疗效果无影响,具有临床应用及推广价值。     

A study of 510 carotid endarterectomies and a review of the recent carotid endarterectomy trials

The release of several randomized trials comparing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to other methods of stroke prevention in the early 1990s established CEA as the "gold standard" in the prevention of stroke from carotid occlusive disease. This study examines 510 of the CEAs performed by the first author at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston, W. Va., from 1991-99, which were part of three prospective randomized CEA trials at CAMC. All patients were observed clinically and underwent postoperative color duplex ultrasound scans at 30 days, six months, 12 months, and every year thereafter to assess the presence of recurrent stenoses. The overall perioperative stroke rate in the whole series was 2.7% (14/510). The incidence of perioperative ipsilateral stroke was 4.6% for CEA with primary closure vs. 1.9% for CEA with patching (p < 0.05). Patching using PTFE or vein patch closure had the lowest incidence of perioperative stroke rate (0.7%). Primary closure had a statistically significant higher incidence of recurrent stenoses than PTFE or vein patch closure (28% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.0001). The incidence of ipsilateral stroke and recurrent stenosis using the Hemashield patch was higher than either PTFE or vein patch closure. As the indications for CEA expand, the safety, utility, and cost-effectiveness of the procedure must be closely monitored at each institution. However, as shown in this study, CEA (using PTFE or vein patch closure) is a safe, effective, and well-established tool in the treatment of stroke in the 21st century.     

Stroke subtypes in Sri Lanka--a hospital based study

AIM: Data on stroke subtypes in Sri Lanka are limited, mainly due to the unavailability of brain imaging facilities in most government hospitals. In two leading private hospitals in Colombo, a high proportion of stroke patients have computerised tomography (CT) scanning. Hence we studied stroke patients admitted to these two hospitals to determine the stroke subtypes. METHODS: A prospective study of 103 consecutive first ever stroke patients who were under the care of the first author during the period 15 May 1995 to 30 August 1996 were studied. Diagnosis of stroke was made according to the WHO definition, and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) were not included. The pathological subtype was confirmed by CT scan in 99 patients. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 37 to 94 years (mean 64.5). 87 patients were over the age of 50 years. The proportion of pathological subtypes confirmed by CT scanning was cerebral infarction (CI) 74.7%, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) 19.1% and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) 62.2%. Of the infarcts 31 (42%) were cortical, 30 (41%) lacunar, 12 (16%) cerebellar and brainstem, and 1 (1.3%) was a border zone infarct. CONCLUSION: Direct comparisons with stroke subtypes seen in other countries are not valid due to differences in methodology. In developed countries in the West cerebral infarcts account for about 80% of all first ever strokes and of these 13 to 21% are lacunar strokes. Countries in the East (e.g. Japan and Hong Kong) have reported a higher proportion of haemorrhages (27% of first ever strokes in Hong Kong). In Sri Lanka the proportion of stroke subtypes seem to be intermediate between these countries in the West and East. Lacunar strokes are commoner in Sri Lanka than in other countries.     

Outcomes and Satisfaction of Patients with Orthopaedic Implants Left In-Situ For More Than Three Years: A Retrospective Study

Background  There are no clear guidelines on implant removal. Few have assessed the long-term outcomes of patients with implants left in-situ, or removed. Therefore, removal of implants after fracture fixation remains controversial.

Methods  In this retrospective study, we reviewed 53 patients with implant for fracture fixation in-situ for more than 3 years. All patients were younger than 60 years. Quality of life of each patient was assessed with the Chinese (Hong Kong) validated Short Form-36 and the pain was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS). All patients were clinically examined and plain radiographs were taken.

Results  The total SF-36 score of the patients was not statistically different from the Hong Kong norm (P >0.05). Mean score of VAS was 2.08. Thirty-three patients (62.3%) reported limited range of movement, 9 patients (17%) complained of cosmetic problems, and 10 patients (18.9%) complained of weakness. Clinically, 82.6% of patients had no scarring, 84.7% of patients had full range of movement and all had no tenderness on assessment. Radiologically, no abnormality was detected except for one patient with known avascular necrosis of the femoral head after screw fixation.

Conclusion  As most patients were clinically and radiologically normal with quality of life scores comparable to the norm, removal of implants is not advisable as a routine practice.

     

颈动脉内膜剥脱患者围手术期急性冠脉综合征的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期急性冠脉综合征的发生率、诊断与治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析2003--2009年北京协和医院血管外科收治的143例重度动脉硬化性颈动脉狭窄患者,共施行159例次颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期发生急性冠脉综合征的相关临床资料.结果 年龄40～86岁,平均(66±9)岁.术后30d内出现脑卒中5例(3.1%),有症状颈动脉狭窄组术后30 d卒中/死亡4例(3.6%),无症状颈动脉狭窄组1例(2.1%).13例(8.2%)围手术期发生急性冠脉综合征,12例经药物治疗缓解,1例行冠脉球囊扩张并植入支架后康复,无1例死亡.糖尿病史(RR=7.727,P=0.001)、吸烟史(RR=8.138,P=0.020)和既往心梗病史(RR=4.567,P=0.027)是颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期发生急性冠脉综合征的显著危险因素.结论 急性冠脉综合征是颈动脉内膜剥脱术围手术期重要的非神经系统并发症,糖尿病史、吸烟史和既往心梗病史是发生急性冠脉综合征的显著危险因素,综合运用多种策略预防治疗急性冠脉综合征对增加颈动脉内膜剥脱术的安全性具有重要意义.     

血清CEA、CA19-9水平检测对卡培他滨方案化疗晚期结直肠癌患者预后的临床预测

目的 通过检测接受含卡培他滨方案化疗的晚期结直肠癌患者化疗前后血清CEA 和CA19-9的动态水平,分析血清CEA 和CA19-9水平与化疗疗效及预后的关系。方法 选取南华大学附属南华医院收治的65例经病理学证实不能手术切除的局部晚期和（或）伴有远处转移的结直肠癌患者,KPS 评分≥70, 一线接受卡培他滨单药或以卡培他滨为基础的联合方案化疗,化疗前后进行血清CEA 和CA19-9的动态测定,分析血清CEA 和CA19-9的动态水平与总生存时间和无进展生存期之间的关系。结果 CEA正常组(n=9)和升高组(n=56)患者的总生存时间间无显著性差异[(20.0±4.5)月 VS (17.7±1.6)月, P≥0.05];CA19-9正常组(n=11)和升高组(n=54)患者的总生存时间差别亦无统计学意义[(18.8±3.8)月 VS (17.9±1.7)月,P≥0.05];CEA下降大于25%组患者（n=25）的生存时间长于CEA无下降或下降小于25%的患者（n=40）[（22.4±3.0）月 VS（15.6±1.6）月,P＜0.05];CA19-9下降大于25%组患者（n=28）的生存时间长于CA19-9无下降或下降小于25%的患者（n=37）[（21.5±2.8）月 VS （21.5±2.8）月,P＜0.05]。血清CEA 和CA19-9基线水平与无进展生存期无明显关联;化疗后其下降幅度大于25%者无进展生存期显著长于无下降或下降小于25%者[(11.5±1.5)月 vs. (8.2±0.8)月,(11.4±1.3) 月 vs. (8.0±0.9) 月]。结论 晚期结直肠癌接受含卡培他滨方案化疗的患者,化疗前后血清CEA和CA19-9下降率可以预测总生存时间和无进展生存期。     

社区脑卒中自我管理小组教育课程的设计及实施

目的 对社区脑卒中自我管理小组教育课程进行设计并探索其实施效果。 方法 借鉴中国香港康复会长期病自我管理教育相关理论,制定脑卒中自我管理教育课程内容。以2012年1月-2016年12月在北京市丰台区方庄社区卫生服务中心就诊的脑卒中患者115例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为研究组57例,对照组58例。监测2组患者入组前后血压,并采用慢性病自我效能量表及自我感受负担量表分别于入组前及课程结束后进行评估,评价课程实施效果。 结果 初次建立了方庄社区脑卒中自我管理小组,在社区层面设计了脑卒中自我管理教育课程,客观评价了课程的应用效果。完成了研究对象干预前后血压及慢性病自我效能及自我感受负担调查。2组研究对象血压值在干预后差异无统计学意义。采用慢性病自我效能量表分别在入组前对干预组及对照组进行测量,平均得分分别为(196.23±47.29)分、(203.38±54.19)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。课程结束后平均得分分别为(225.91±43.22)分、(204.83±54.60)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用自我感受负担量表分别在入组前对研究组及对照组进行测量,平均得分分别为(25.42±9.35)分,(24.66±7.58)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。课程结束后平均得分为(22.80±10.96)分、(24.06±8.03)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 本课程设计合理,适用于社区脑卒中患者;通过该课程的实施,提高了社区脑卒中患者的自我效能水平,降低了自我感受负担。      

血清人附睾蛋白4在肺癌诊断中的临床应用探讨

目的 探讨血清人附睾蛋白4(human epididymis protein 4,HE4)在肺癌诊断中的价值。 方法 选取肺癌患者86例作为肺癌组,健康人76例作为对照组纳入研究,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和电化学发光仪及配套试剂进行血清HE4和CEA检测,比较检测值变化。以组织病理检查作为金标准,并分别绘制ROC曲线,比较HE4对肺癌的诊断价值。 结果 肺癌组血清HE4水平(257.93±40.51) pmol/L显著高于对照组(257.93±40.51) pmol/L,而不同肺癌分期患者其血清HE4表达水平差异无统计学意义[Ⅰ～Ⅲ:(251.68±38.59) pmol/L;Ⅳ:(268.49±40.66) pmol/L,P=0.60]。不同病理类型肺癌患者其血清HE4表达水平差异无统计学意义[肺腺癌组:(261.37±34.21) pmol/L,肺鳞癌组:(257.42±42.86) pmol/L,肺未分化癌组:(259.75±28.13) pmol/L,肺小细胞癌组:(266.54±35.72) pmol/L]。HE4/CEA的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.908/0.839,敏感性73.3%/57.9%,特异性90.8%/86.7%,HE4明显优于CEA,两者联合检测,亦可明显提高肺癌诊断敏感性,为79.1%,特异性为85.5%。 结论 HE4可作为肺癌诊断的标志物之一,其对于肺癌诊断具有一定的临床价值。      

中西医结合卒中单元康复护理模式对脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者的影响

目的：探讨中西医结合卒中单元康复护理模式对脑卒中偏瘫患者的影响。方法选择我院2015年2月至2016年5月期间收治的缺血性脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者80例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组(n=40)与对照组(n=40),对照组予常规神经内科康复护理,观察组实施中西医结合卒中单元康复护理模式,干预3个月。比较干预前后两组患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、简化Fugl-Meyer量表（FMA）及脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL)评分的变化。结果干预后,观察组与对照组患者的NIHSS分别为(6.82±2.34)分和(8.94±2.48)分,均较治疗前的(14.71±4.68)分和(14.85±4.37)分显著下降,FMA、SS-QOL评分分别为(63.52±25.78)分、(143.82±18.01)分和（45.24±18.72)分、(135.22±15.53)分,均较治疗前的(25.48±11.38)分、(120.31±15.56)分和(24.67±12.25)分、(122.83±14.48)分显著提高,且观察组患者上述评分显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合卒中单元康复护理模式能够改善脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者的神经功能缺损程度及肢体运动功能,提高患者的生存质量。     

输尿管软镜在空乘人员无症状性肾盏结石治疗中的应用

目的 探讨输尿管软镜在空乘人员无症状性肾盏结石治疗中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2008年１月至2012年5月应用输尿管软镜钬激光治疗无症状性肾盏结石8例空乘人员的临床资料。统计患者基本情况、疾病特征、围手术期相关信息。结果 本组8例患者结石总数37枚,平均每侧肾脏结石负荷为3～5(3.7±0.7)枚,其中2例患者为双侧结石。平均单枚结石直径为2～8(4.5±1.5) mm,平均单侧结石累积最大径为6～20(16.8±4.7) mm。平均手术时间为30～56(45.0±7.6) min,平均术后住院时间1～2(1.8±0.5) d,平均离岗时间为12～15(13.0±1.1) d。术中无严重并发症发生。术后两周复查CT示结石清除率达100%。结论 输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗方法,可作为空乘人员无症状性肾盏结石治疗的首选方法。     

BAG-1基因与乳腺癌TAM治疗敏感性的相关性研究

目的研究BAG-1基因与乳腺癌他莫昔芬(TAM)治疗敏感性的相关性。方法以58例乳腺癌患者为观察组,50例乳腺良性肿瘤患者为对照组。予以观察组患者TAM治疗,检测并统计2组患者肿瘤组织BAG-1基因的阳性率;并根据检测结果将观察组患者分为BAG-1阳性组与阴性组,对比分析观察组BAG-1阳性者与阴性者的临床预后及血清肿瘤标志物水平,包括癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原153(CA153)。结果观察组BAG-1基因阳性率为74.14%,对照组为12%,2组比较,P<0.05。观察组BAG-1阳性组患者临床缓解率为46.51%,阴性组为66.67%,2组比较,P<0.05;BAG-1阳性组患者临床控制率为67.44%,阴性组为86.67%,2组比较,P<0.05。观察组BAG-1阳性组患者平均OS为(1.55±0.86)a,PFS为(1.02±0.31)a,阴性组依次为(2.76±0.95)a、(2.06±0.82)a,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组BAG-1阴性组患者血清CEA、CA153指标值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 BAG-1基因与乳腺癌TAM治疗敏感性密切相关,BAG-1阳性者行TAM治疗的临床效果及预后均较阴性者差。     

颈部肌肉振动对脑卒中后偏侧忽略的短期疗效观察

目的 探讨颈部肌肉振动对脑卒中后偏侧忽略症状的作用，评估其短期疗效。 方法 选择2016年12月—2018年10月在南京市栖霞区医院康复医学科住院的脑卒中伴偏侧忽略患者共40例，其中脑梗死23例，脑出血17例。随机抽样分为对照组20例和振动组20例，2组均接受针对偏侧忽略的常规康复，振动组在此基础上增加振动治疗，频率108 Hz，振幅1.0 mm，部位为左侧斜方肌，每日一次，每次15 min。治疗前和治疗3周后采用中国行为性忽略测试－香港版量表(CBIT-HK)评估，分别比较常规评分、行为评分及总评分。 结果 3周后2组治疗前后组内比较的常规评分、行为评分、总评分均有提高，差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；组间效果比较，振动组常规分差值(19.80±18.51)分，行为分差值(15.40±14.82)分，总评分差值(35.10±29.62)分，对照组常规分差值(10.70±12.10)分，行为分差值(3.76±7.28)分，总评分差值(14.45±14.89)分，t检验结果示:2组组间比较的行为分差值t=3.155，P＜0.05，总评分差值t=2.786，P＜0.05，振动组明显优于对照组；而常规分差值t=1.841，P=0.074，2组常规测试比较差异无统计学意义。 结论 振动治疗对脑卒中后偏侧忽略症状具有短期疗效，常规康复训练基础上增加颈部肌肉振动可以改善脑卒中后偏侧忽略症状。      

缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉狭窄的分布特征及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄闭塞病变的分布特点;分析并比较颅内、外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的危险因素.方法 对583例连续行全脑血管造影检查的缺血性脑血管病患者的临床和血管造影资料进行分析.结果 56例血管造影未见异常.527例存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞病变,其中24.3%(128例)仅有颅外动脉病变,36.8%(194例)仅有颅内动脉病变,38.9%(205例)颅内外病变并存,颅内动脉病变的发生率(75.6%,399例)高于颅外动脉(63.2%,333例).脑梗死患者和颈动脉系统短暂脑缺血发作患者,均是颅内病变多于颅外病变,但椎基底系统短暂脑缺血发作则以颅外病变为主(P<0.01).青年(≤40岁)患者大部分为单纯颅内动脉病变(75.5%),主要累及大脑中动脉;而中年(41～60岁)及老年(≥61岁)患者以颅内外病变并存的比例最高(39.4%和48.0%,P<0.001),病变最好发于颈内动脉起始部.高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常是颅内动脉病变的独立危险因素,而年龄、冠心病、糖尿病、血脂异常是颅外病变的独立危险因素.颅外病变者的年龄和冠心病患病率显著高于颅内病变者.结论 总体上颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄闭塞病变的发生率高于颅外动脉,但颅外病变并不少见,且常表现为颅内外病变并存.不同亚组的患者动脉病变的分布不同.颅外病变者的冠心病患病率、年龄高于颅内病变者.     

中医延续护理改善脑卒中患者生活质量的应用价值

目的 研究中医延续护理改善脑卒中患者生活质量的应用价值.方法 选择2013年1月至2016年1月淮安市第一人民医院首次诊断急性脑卒中患者共86例,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各43例,对照组采用中医常规护理,观察组采用延续护理,随访6个月,通过NIHSS量表,对两组患者的神经功能缺损进行测试和评价,并采用脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL)和自制护理满意调查问卷评估护理效果.结果 两组治疗后NIHSS评分均比治疗前降低,且观察组[(20.4±7.6)分]明显低于对照组[(25.6±8.5)分],NIHSS降低程度[(21.7±7.2)分]大于对照组[(15.4±4.6)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组治疗后SS-QOL评分均比治疗前升高,且观察组[(124.5±28.7)分]明显高于对照组[(92.6±25.3)分],升高程度[(50.9±12.3)分]大于对照组[(22.3±8.7)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组的满意程度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 中医延续护理可进一步改善脑卒中患者的生活质量,提高护理质量.     

Doubling over ten years of central obesity in Hong Kong Chinese working men

Obesity is now an epidemic in most parts of the world. In this cross sectional study, we report the most recent data on obesity in Hong Kong Chinese working population and compare the changes over 10 years. Methods Between July 2000 and March 2002, 5882 adult subjects from the working class in Hong Kong were recruited （2716 men （46.2%） and 3166 women （53.8%））. They were randomly selected using computer generated codes according to the distribution of occupational groups. Results of this study were compared with the data collected from a prevalence survey for cardiovascular risk factors in a Hong Kong Chinese working population conducted in 1990 （1513 subjects, 910 men （60.1%） and 603 women （39.9%））. Results Standardized percentages of overweight, obesity, and central obesity, in Hong Kong Chinese working population were 59.7%, 35.0%, 26.7% in men and 32.0%, 21.7%, 26.7% in women. Compared to the data collected in 1990, the percentage of obesity increased by 5% in men and reduced by 6% in women. The percentage of central obesity doubled in men （from 12.2% to 26.7%） but remained stable in women. Conclusions There is a doubling of the percentage of central obesity in Hong Kong Chinese working men over previous decade. Education and proper lifestyle modification program to tackle this social health issue are urgently indicated.