GC法同时测定鱼腥草注射液中4种成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定鱼腥草注射液中4-萜烯醇、α-松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯和甲基正壬酮含量的方法.方法:采用气相色谱法;色谱柱:DB-1毛细管气相色谱柱(30m×0.25 mm,0.25μm);程序升温:70℃保持5 min,以5℃·min-1上升至140℃,保持5 min,再以20℃·min-1升至250℃;进样口温度:25...     

羌活和独活药材气相色谱指纹图谱的建立及鉴别

目的为羌活和独活药材的鉴别提供科学依据。方法采用气相色谱(GC)-氢火焰离子化检测法。色谱柱:DB-1毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm);程序升温:起始柱温50℃,8℃.min-1升至85℃保持12 min,4℃.min-1升至155℃保持18 min,12℃.min-1升至250℃保持5 min;气化室温度:250℃;载气:氮气;流速:1.2 mL.min-1;进样量:1.0μL;分流比:10∶1;检测器温度:270℃。结果建立了羌活和独活药材的GC指纹图谱;对不同产地药材分别进行了相似度计算;指纹图谱和相似度计算结果显示,羌活和独活药材挥发油含量具有明显区别。结论本方法可用于羌活和独活药材的定性鉴别。     

不同产地苍艾挥发油的GC-MS指纹图谱研究

目的:建立苍艾挥发油的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)指纹图谱,分析苍艾挥发油的化学组成,为其质量控制提供方法和依据.方法:Agilent DB-5MS石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),柱温40℃(保持1 min),以10℃·min-1速率升至130℃(保持5 min),以8℃·min-1速率升至25...     

毛细管气相色谱法测定盐酸头孢他美酯中残留溶剂

目的 建立顶空进样和直接进样毛细管气相色谱法测定盐酸头孢他美酯中的残留溶剂. 方法 异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮测定采用顶空进样法, 色谱柱：HP INNOWAX PEG 20M毛细管柱(30.0 m×320μm, 0.25 μm), 柱温为50 ℃, 维持5 min, 以每分钟30 ℃速率升至200 ℃, 维持3 min , 二甲亚砜为溶剂; 二甲基甲酰胺测定采用直接进样法, 色谱柱为DB 624(6%氰丙基苯基 94%二甲基聚硅氧烷固定液)石英毛细管柱(30.0 m×0.53 mm,3.0 μm), 柱温为100 ℃, 维持6 min, 以每分钟30 ℃速率升至200 ℃, 维持5 min, 二甲亚砜为溶剂. 结果 被测物均能得到很好的分离, 峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系, 精密度和回收率良好. 结论 该法可用于盐酸头孢他美酯原料药中残留溶剂的检测.     

野菊花注射液的GC指纹图谱

目的建立野菊花注射液GC指纹图谱。方法使用DB-17弹性石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)。柱温:初温80℃保持5 min,以5℃.min-1升至100℃保持10 min,5℃.min-1升至170℃保持5 min,10℃.min-1升至250℃保持3 min;载气:高纯氮气,流量,1.0 mL.min-1;分流比10∶1;氢气:40 mL.min-1;空气:400 mL.min-1;检测器:FID;检测器温度:280℃;气化室温度:280℃;进样量:1μL。结果建立了野菊花注射液的对照指纹图谱并确定了22个共有峰,各批注射液与对照指纹图谱相似度均在0.95以上。结论该方法简便、准确、重现性好,为野菊花注射液的质量控制提供了依据。     

复方毛冬青注射液中甲基正壬酮的含量测定

目的:为复方毛冬青注射液建立专属性含量测定方法。方法:采用气相色谱法对甲基正壬酮进行含量测定。色谱柱:HP-1(Aglient 19091z-413,30 m×320μm×0.25μm);氮气为9.23 psi,流量1.8 mL/min;空气400 mL/min;氢气40 mL/min;柱温80℃(2 min)至220℃,升温速率为15℃/min;再升至270℃(13.75 min),升温速率为40℃/min;汽化室240℃;检测室280℃;进样量1μL;检测器为FID。结果:线性范围为1.0~20.0μg/mL,平均回收率为99.05%,RSD=1.29%(n=6)。结论:本法操作简单、可靠、具有实用性。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定药酒中的甲醇量

目的建立药酒中甲醇量的测定方法。方法采用顶空-气相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Technologies DB-WAX(30m×0.32mm×0.25μm),FID检测器;进样口温度:140℃;检测器温度220℃;载气流速:0.3 mL·min-1;梯度升温:29℃保持1min,以0.5℃·min-1速率升至31℃,保持10min,以5℃·min-1速率升至65℃,保持1 min,以50℃·min-1速率升至200℃,保持2min;时间周期:38min。结果甲醇在0.000 1~0.005mL·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 4,平均回收率为99.6%,RSD 2.5%(n=6)。结论该方法检测结果准确、专属性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于药酒中甲醇量的控制。     

气相色谱法测定保济丸中百秋李醇的含量

目的:建立以气相色谱法测定保济丸中百秋李醇含量的方法,制定并完善保济丸的质量标准。方法:采用非极性毛细管柱AT.SE-54(15m×0.25mm×0.33μm),柱温采用程序升温:起始150℃,保持23min,以8℃·min-1速率升至230℃,保持2min,进样口温度为280℃,检测器(FID)温度为280℃,载气为氮气,流速为1.0mL·min-1。结果:百秋李醇进样量在0.12～0.36μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为98.62%,RSD=4.69%。结论:该方法稳定、结果可靠、重复性好,可作为保济丸质量控制标准之一。     

姜三七挥发油指纹图谱研究

目的建立姜三七挥发油气相色谱指纹图谱。方法采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,色谱柱为DB-1701（30m×0.25μm×0.32 mm）毛细管柱,检测器为FID检测器,采用程序升温,柱温110℃,保持5 min,以4℃min-1的升温速率升至160℃,保持3 min;再以2℃min-1的升温速率升至180℃,保持3 min;最后以3℃min-1的升温速率升至240℃,保持3 min。结果依据11批药材的指纹图谱数据建立共有模式,得到共有峰10个。结论本测定方法为姜三七药材的质量评价提供了科学依据。     

气相色谱法测定血栓心脉宁胶囊中麝香酮含量

目的：建立血栓心脉宁胶囊中麝香酮的含量测定方法。方法：采用DB-FFAP色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.2 μm）;起始温度为130 ℃,保持5 min,以2 ℃?min-1的速率升温至180 ℃,保持8 min,再以20 ℃?min-1的速率升温至250℃,保持5 min;氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）,温度250 ℃。结果：麝香酮进样量在0.01 μg～0.10 μg范围内线性关系良好（r = 0.999 7）,平均回收率99.31 %（RSD=0.7 %）。结论：本方法简便、准确,重现性好,可以用于血栓心脉宁胶囊的质量控制。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.