miR-1调控胃癌细胞SGC-7901迁移能力的实验研究

目的探讨微小RNA-1(miR-1)对胃癌细胞系SGC-7901迁移能力的调控作用。方法脂质体转染寡核苷酸片段NCmimics及miR-1-mimics、NC-inhibitor及miR-1-inhibitor至SGC-7901细胞,定量RT-PCR检测转染后SGC-7901细胞中miR-1的表达水平,Transwell实验观察转染后细胞迁移能力,western blot检测转染后细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)指标。结果miR-1-mimics转染组miR-1的表达水平(900.10±240.40)明显高于NC-mimics转染组(1.01±0.18),差异有统计学意义(t=6.48,P0.01)。miR-1-inhibitor转染组miR-1的表达水平(0.65±0.04)明显低于NC-inhibitor转染组(1.01±0.14),差异具有统计学意义(t=4.19,P0.05)。miR-1-mimics转染组迁移细胞数量[(362±10)个]明显高于NC-mimics转染组[(112±10)个],差异有统计学意义(t=21.65,P0.01)。miR-1-inhibitor转染组迁移细胞数量[(64±8)个]明显低于NC-inhibitor转染组[(133±14)个],差异有统计学意义(t=17.07,P0.01)。与NC-mimics转染组比较,miR-1-mimics转染组上皮细胞钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)表达减弱(t=19.28,P0.01),神经钙粘蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(Vimentin)表达增强(t=5.43,P0.01;t=23.14,P0.01);与NC-inhibitor转染组比较,miR-1-inhibitor转染组E-cadherin表达增强(t=6.14,P0.01),N-cadherin和Vimentin表达减弱(t=6.78,P0.01;t=7.94,P0.01)。结论 miR-1过表达可促进胃癌细胞的迁移;miR-1低表达能可抑制胃癌细胞的迁移;miR-1可能通过EMT转化增强胃癌细胞的迁移能力。     

槲皮素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901上皮间质转化的抑制作用

目的探讨槲皮素对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901上皮间质转化的影响及机制。方法胃癌细胞SGC-7901分为对照组(普通培养液)、LY294002组(培养液+LY294002)、槲皮素组(培养液+槲皮素);采用MTT法检测槲皮素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖的影响,依据细胞生长抑制率计算槲皮素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的半数抑制浓度(median inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))值,参照IC_(50)值进行后续实验;采用划痕试验检测3组胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖、迁移能力;采用Western blot法检测胃癌细胞AKT、p-AKT、Snail、Vimentin及E-钙黏附素(E-cadherin)蛋白表达情况;采用荧光定量PCR法检测3组胃癌细胞上皮间质转化相关因子Snail、Vimentin及E-cadherinmRNA的表达情况。结果槲皮素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901有明显的增殖抑制作用,其IC_(50)为(112.9±2.05)μmol/L;LY294002组胃癌细胞迁移距离[(0.16±0.03)mm]、槲皮素组胃癌细胞迁移距离[(0.15±0.02)mm]均低于对照组[(0.44±0.04)mm](P0.05),LY294002组与槲皮素组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Snail、Vimentin、p-AKT蛋白表达水平在LY294002组(0.760±0.003,0.750±0.006,0.71±0.03)、槲皮素组(0.750±0.006,0.690±0.004,0.68±0.02)均明显低于对照组(1,1,1),E-cadherin表达在LY294002组(2.89±0.19)与槲皮素组(3.66±0.18)均高于对照组(1)(P0.05);LY294002组、槲皮素组、对照组AKT蛋白表达水平(1.03±0.02,1.02±0.01,1)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Snail、Vimentin mRNA表达水平在LY294002组(0.72±0.02,0.78±0.03)、槲皮素组(0.71±0.01,0.79±0.03)均明显低于对照组(1,1),E-cadherin mRNA表达水平在LY294002组(2.51±0.08)、槲皮素组(2.77±0.16)均高于对照组(1)(P0.05);LY294002组Snail、Vimentin、E-cadherin mRNA及Snail、Vimentin、E-cadherin、p-AKT蛋白表达水平与槲皮素组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论槲皮素对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901上皮间质转化有抑制作用,其作用机制可能是抑制AKT信号通路。     

血小板对胃癌间质干细胞生物学特性的影响

目的观察血小板对胃癌间质干细胞(gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells,GC-MSCs)的生物学特性以及对GC-MSCs促进肿瘤细胞迁移能力的影响。方法从健康志愿者静脉血标本中分离血小板;体外分离培养人GC-MSCs并分为对照组和GC-MSCs+血小板组,用流式细胞术检测GC-MSCs的细胞表型;成脂、成骨实验检测GC-MSCs的成脂、成骨能力;细胞计数法和Transwell实验检测GC-MSCs的增殖和迁移能力;将GC-MSCs与血小板或肿瘤细胞上清处理后的血小板共培养,western blot检测α-SMA蛋白的表达水平;将SGC-7901与GC-MSCs的细胞培养上清和血小板处理后的GC-MSCs上清共培养,Transwell实验检测SGC-7901的迁移能力。结果 GC-MSCs+血小板组的成脂、成骨能力增强,且增殖能力(24 h,t=3.88,P0.05; 48 h,t=5.93,P0.05; 72 h,t=4.35,P0.05)和迁移能力(t=4.03,P0.05)也明显加强; SGC-7901上清处理血小板组与单独血小板组的α-SMA蛋白表达水平高于对照组; SGC-7901与GC-MSCs上清或血小板处理后的GC-MSCs上清共培养后,其迁移能力增强(F=42.92,P0.05)。结论血小板可促进GC-MSCs增殖、迁移及成脂、成骨分化能力,并且可增强GC-MSCs促进肿瘤细胞迁移的能力。     

miR-1288调控骨髓间质干细胞促进胃癌细胞迁移

目的探讨miR-1288在胃癌细胞培养上清诱导后骨髓间质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell,BMMSC)中的表达情况及其调控BMMSC对胃癌细胞迁移能力的影响。方法采用SGC-7901、MGC-803和HGC-27 3种胃癌细胞培养上清分别处理BMMSC,实时荧光定量PCR检测处理前后BMMSC中miR-1288的表达水平。采用寡核苷酸片段NC-mimics和miR-1288-mimics转染BMMSC,Transwell试验检测转染后BMMSC对HGC-27细胞迁移能力的影响。收集胃炎和胃癌组织标本,实时荧光定量PCR检测组织中miR-1288的表达水平。结果经SGC-7901、MGC-803和HGC-27胃癌细胞上清处理后BMMSC中miR-1288的表达水平分别是对照组的(5.91±0.25)倍(t=15.55,P0.01)、(9.69±0.62)倍(t=13.34,P0.01)和(24.29±2.69)倍(t=8.631,P0.01)。miR-1288-mimics转染组迁移细胞数量为(623.3±26.03)个,明显高于NCmimics对照组[(326±32.08)个],差异有统计学意义(t=7.197,P0.01)。胃癌组织中miR-1288的表达水平显著高于胃炎组织(P0.05)。结论胃癌上清诱导后BMMSC和胃癌组织中异常高表达miR-1288,其可参与调控胃癌细胞的迁移。     

miR-374-5p调控微环境间质干细胞促进胃癌增殖与迁移

目的探讨mi R-374-5p调控人胃组织来源间质干细胞(MSCs)体外促进胃癌细胞增殖和迁移的作用。方法体外分离培养获得人胃癌组织来源间质干细胞(GC-MSC)和配对的癌旁组织来源间质干细胞(GCN-MSC);体外采用GCN-MSC和GC-MSC培养上清液处理胃癌细胞,平板克隆实验检测胃癌细胞增殖能力,划痕实验检测胃癌细胞迁移能力;采用mi R-374-5p模拟物和抑制剂分别过表达和抑制GCN-MSC及GC-MSC中mi R-374-5p的表达水平,收集转染后MSC的培养上清,体外处理胃癌细胞,观察胃癌细胞增殖和迁移能力的改变。结果 GC-MSC培养上清处理组形成的单细胞集落数目[(112±7)个]多于GCN-MSC组[(48±6)个],细胞间距[(6.5±0.5)cm]小于GCN-MSC组[(15±1)cm],可明显促进胃癌增殖(t=12.02,P0.01)和迁移(t=13.17,P0.01)。GCN-MSC过表达mi R-374-5p后,其培养上清可增加单细胞集落形成数目[(115±12.1)个],缩小细胞间距[(7.83±1.08)cm],促进胃癌增殖(t=9.31,P0.01)和迁移(t=4.88,P0.01)。抑制剂组中培养上清处理组单细胞集落数目[(60±10.2)个]减少,细胞间距[(12.17±1.47)cm]增加,mi R-374-5p抑制剂可逆转GC-MSC促进胃癌增殖(t=5.47,P0.01)和迁移(t=4.95,P0.01)能力。结论 mi R-374-5p是调控微环境MSC促进胃癌增殖与迁移的重要分子。     

非气管插管静脉吸入复合全身麻醉在脑电双频指数指导下的应用研究

目的 通过脑电双频指数(BIS)监测,进一步研究非气管插管静脉吸入复合全身麻醉的方法和麻醉效果.方法 单侧上肢骨折患者60例,随机分成A、B 2组各30例.A组患者给予小剂量的静脉麻醉药诱导,吸入气体麻醉药加深和维持麻醉,并插入鼻咽通气道,进行紧闭循环自主呼吸;B组则进行气管插管、使用肌肉松弛药和机械通气,记录2组患者麻醉各时段吸入和呼出七氟醚浓度、呼吸和循环方面的参数、脑电双频指数、血气分析、术毕清醒时间、拔管时间、麻醉恢复时间.结果 A、B 2组患者麻醉过程平稳,A组与B组比较:插管(或插入鼻咽通气道)后5 min(T 1)呼吸频率(RR)分别为[(10±2)次/min、(14±2)次/min,t=7.746,P＜0.01],呼气末二氧化碳 (PETCO2) 分别为[(43±3)mm Hg、(27±2)mm Hg,t=24.306,P＜0.01],潮气量 (VT) 分别为[(290±30)ml、(480±20)ml,t=28.863,P＜0.01];切皮时(T 2),RR分别为[(16±2)次/min、(14±2)次/min,t=3.873,P＜0.01],PETCO2分别为[ (42±3)mm Hg、(29±3)mm Hg,t=16.783,P＜0.01],VT分别为[(522±35)ml与(480±20)ml,t=6.114,P＜0.01];术中强刺激时(T 3),心率(HR)分别为[(73±5)次/min、(93±10)次/min,t=9.798,P＜0.01],平均动脉压(MAP)分别为[(116±12)mm Hg、(135±11)mm Hg,t=6.393,P＜0.01],RR分别为[(17±3)次/min、(14±2)次/min,t=4.557,P＜0.01],PETCO2分别为[(41±2)mm Hg、(27±2)mm Hg,t=27.111,P＜0.01],VT分别为[(556±30)ml、(480±20)ml,t=11.545,P＜0.01];术毕缝皮时(T 4),RR分别为[(16±2)次/min、(14±2)次/min,t=3.873,P＜0.01],PETCO2分别为[(41±3)mm Hg、(30±2)mm Hg,t=16.710,P＜0.01],VT分别为[(515±25)ml、(480±20)ml,t=5.988,P＜0.01],差异均有统计学意义,但均在正常生理范围.停药后A组与B组比较,清醒时间分别为[(3.5±1.5)min、(8.5±4.4)min,t=5.891,P＜0.01],拔管时间分别为[(4.1±1.2)min、(10.5±2.6)min,t=12.241,P＜0.01],麻醉恢复时间分别为[(8.2±3.5)min、(13.3±5.2)min,t=4.456,P＜0.01],均明显短于B组,2组患者无上呼吸道梗阻、胃液反流、误吸等情况发生,对手术过程无知晓.结论 非气管插管静脉吸入复合全麻安全有效、患者苏醒迅速.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对脂多糖诱导人肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的影响及旁分泌作用

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导人肺泡上皮细胞株A549细胞凋亡的影响和旁分泌作用。方法培养人骨髓MSCs和A549细胞,将A549细胞分为PBS组、PBS+MSCs组、LPS组和LPS+MSCs组,培养12h后采用Annexin V/PI双染色流式细胞仪测定A549细胞凋亡情况,采用MTT法测定细胞增殖情况,采用Western blot法检测A549细胞bcl-2和caspase-3蛋白含量,采用ELISA法测定A549细胞培养液中肝细胞生长因子和角质细胞生长因子水平。结果 LPS组、LPS+MSCs组A549细胞凋亡率[(28.65±4.75)%、(12.73±2.98)%]和培养液中肝细胞生长因子水平[(211.57±21.37)、(702.15±39.53)ng/L]高于PBS组[(2.92±0.38)%、(94.14±8.42)ng/L]和PBS+MSCs组[(2.27±0.43)%、(139.35±18.62)ng/L](P0.05),LPS+MSCs组高于LPS组(P0.05);LPS+MSCs组A549细胞的吸光度(optical density,OD)490值(0.579±0.063)和培养液中角质细胞生长因子水平[(0.594±0.045)ng/L]高于PBS组[0.261±0.027、(0.249±0.023)ng/L]、PBS+MSCs组[0.283±0.042、(0.301±0.032)ng/L]和LPS组[0.298±0.046、(0.310±0.037)ng/L](P0.05);LPS+MSCs组bcl-2蛋白表达(0.97±0.21)高于LPS组(0.54±0.08)与PBS组(0.46±0.09)及PBS+MSCs组(0.63±0.11)(P0.05);LPS组A549细胞caspase-3蛋白表达及(1.26±0.31)高于LPS+MSCs组(0.53±0.14)与PBS组(0.58±0.15)和PBS+MSCs组(0.08±0.00)(P0.05)。结论人骨髓MSCs具有抗LPS诱导的A549细胞凋亡和旁分泌的作用。     

骨髓单个核细胞Coombs试验(+)血细胞减少症患者Th17细胞数量及功能研究

目的 研究骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)-Coombs试验(+)血细胞减少症(又称免疫相关性血细胞减少症,IRP)患者骨髓Th17细胞数量及功能,探讨Th17细胞在IRP发病中的作用.方法 选取初诊IRP患者43例、血常规恢复正常IRP患者34例及正常对照13名.采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测骨髓白细胞介素(IL)-23受体(IL-23R)+CD4+/CD4+细胞比例;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定骨髓上清液IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平;RT-PCR技术检测BMMNC视黄酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)及信号转导转录激活子3(STAT3)mRNA的相对表达水平.结果 IRP初诊组IL-23R+CD4+/CD4+细胞比例[(3.6±3.1)%]明显高于恢复组[(2.0±1.0)%]和正常对照组[(1.9±1.4)%](P值均＜0.05);初诊组骨髓上清液IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平[分别为(26.21±14.55)、(2.23±0.99)和(2.54±1.33)μg/L]明显高于恢复组[分别为(9.08±6.36)、(0.91±0.76)和(1.28±0.18)μg/L]和正常对照组[分别为(14.63±7.66)、(1.19±0.98)和(1.50±0.28)μg/L](P值均＜0.05);初诊组RORγtmRNA、STAT3mRNA表达水平(0.25±0.08、1.10±0.16)明显高于恢复组(0.12±0.08、0.97±0.12)和正常对照组(0.07±0.05、0.95±0.13)(P值均＜0.05).IRP组IL-23R+CD4+/CD4+细胞比例与CD5+CD19+/CD19+细胞比例呈正相关(P＜0.05);IRP组骨髓液IL-17水平与骨髓CD5+CD19+/CD19+细胞比例、自身抗体数量呈正相关(r分别为0.494、0.377,P值均＜0.05);IRP组RORγt mRNA表达水平与骨髓CD5+CD19+/CD19+细胞比例及自身抗体数量呈正相关(r分别为0.741、0.541,P值均＜0.05);IL-23R+CD4+/CD4+细胞比例与骨髓上清液IL-17水平及STAT3 mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r分别为0.438、0.448,P值均＜0.05).结论 Th17细胞在IRP患者中数量增加,功能活跃;Th17细胞有望成为该类疾病干预治疗的新靶点.     

紫杉醇联合miR-200a对胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞增殖侵袭能力的影响

目的观察紫杉醇联合应用 miR-200 a 对胃癌 SGC-7901细胞增殖侵袭能力的影响。方法体外应用50 nmol/L紫杉醇单独处理胃癌SGC-7901细胞或联合应用脂质体转染miR-200 a模拟物（miR-200a mimics）,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平和周期分布,克隆形成试验观察细胞的增殖能力,Tr-answell实验和细胞划痕试验观察细胞的侵袭迁移能力。通过以上实验比较单独应用紫杉醇与联合应用miR-200 a对胃癌细胞增值侵袭能力影响的差异,并探讨可能的作用机制。结果流式细胞凋亡检测表明50 nmol/L紫杉醇联合应用 miR-200a 细胞早期凋亡率高于单独用药组[（22.79±0.43）％ vs．（11.76±0.64）％,P＜0.05],联合组阻滞于G2/M期细胞比例（63.74±1.76）％高于单独应用紫杉醇组的（51.75±2.01）％,结果具有统计学差异（ P＜0.01）;细胞克隆形成实验显示联合用药组克隆形成率与紫杉醇组相比[（4.03±0.25）％vs．（7.80±0.30）％]显著降低（P＜0.01）;Transwell侵袭实验表明联合用药组穿过小室的细胞数目少于紫杉醇组（22.00±2.00 vs．56.33±5.13,P＜0.01）;细胞划痕试验表明在划痕后48 h,联合组细胞迁移水平与单独用药组迁移率已有显著降低[21.43±2.34）％ vs．（54.26±2.49）％, P ＜0.01]。结论紫杉醇联合应用miR-200 a能增加紫杉醇对胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖侵袭能力的抑制作用,为今后胃癌的化疗及基因靶向治疗提供新的思路。     

急性白血病患儿T淋巴细胞亚群及血清白三烯B4含量变化的临床意义

目的 探讨急性白血病(AL)患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和血清白三烯B4含量的变化及临床意义.方法 用免疫荧光流式细胞技术检测40例AL患儿(观察组)及40名正常儿童(对照组)外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞水平及自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性;同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELSA)方法检测上述AL患儿与正常儿童血清白三烯B4含量的变化情况.结果 AL患儿CD3+T细胞[(49.51±6.53)%]、CD4+T细胞[(22.15±4.87)%]及CD8+T细胞[(23.41±3.96)%]均低于对照组[分别为(67.63±5.23)%、(34.43±5.07)%(28.17±4.61)%],差异有统计学意义(t=13.698、t=11.047、t=4.953,P＜0.01);AL患儿自然杀伤细胞活性[(5.41±4.25)%]明显低于对照组[(13.10±4.91)%],差异有统计学意义(t=7.498,P＜0.01);而AL患儿血清白三烯B4含量[(25.23±6.24)ng/L]明显高于对照组[(8.28±2.53)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(t=15.921,P＜0.01).结论 AL患儿T淋巴细胞亚群及白三烯B4发生明显改变,对揭示AL发病机制提供重要的理论依据.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of T lymphocyte subtype levels and serum levels of leukotriene B4 ( LTB4 )in children with acute leukemia (AL). Methods The activity of T lymphocyte subsets:CD3+ T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD8 + T cell levels and NK cell were detected in 40 cases of AL and 40 control by Flow Cytometry(FCM). The serum level of LTB4 was measured by ELISA in all subjects. Results Compared with normal control , the percentages of CD3 + T cells ( [ 49.51 ± 6.53 ] ％ vs [ 67.63 ± 5.23 ] ％ ), CD4 + T cells ([22.15±4.87]％ vs [34.43 ±5.07]％),CD8+ T cell ([23.41 ±3.96]％ vs [28. 17 ±4.61]％),NK cell ( [5.41 ± 4.25 ] ％ vs [ 13.10 ± 4.91 ] ％ ) were significantly lower in children AL patients, ( Ps ＜0.01 ). However,the serum levels of LTB4 increased significantly in AL patients compared with normal control ( [ 25.23 ± 6.24 ] ng/L vs [ 8.28 ± 2.53 ] ng/L, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion T lymphocyte subtype and serum level of LTB4 showed significant changes in children AL patients compared with normal control, which revealed an important theoretical basis to AL pathogenesis.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.