miRNA-92在妇科肿瘤中的研究进展

宫颈癌、卵巢癌及子宫内膜癌是妇科肿瘤中最常见的三大肿瘤,其中,卵巢癌的预后最差,因为70％的患者发现时已是晚期阶段.宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,通过已有的宫颈细胞学筛查,有效提高宫颈癌的早期诊断率及生存率.子宫内膜癌常见的症状为绝经后阴道不规则出血,易早期发现子宫内膜病变,分为Ⅰ型激素依赖性子宫内膜癌和Ⅱ型非激素依赖性子宫内膜癌,Ⅰ型占4/5.目前子宫内膜癌的发病率逐年增长,已接近宫颈癌的发病率,而且发病年龄也趋向年轻化.卵巢癌是妇科肿瘤中常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率排在宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌之后,但其死亡率在女性恶性肿瘤中却最高[1].卵巢癌尤其是上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)缺乏早期有效的诊断方法,70％以上发现时已经处于晚期阶段,并且缺乏有效的治疗方法.妇科三大肿瘤有严重的致死性,为了提高早期诊断率及生存率,发现新的诊断及治疗方法是非常必要的.     

卵巢癌误诊26例临床分析

<正>卵巢癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在女性生殖道癌中占第1位。卵巢癌死亡率居妇科恶性肿瘤首位,5年生存率徘徊在25%～30%。随着近代宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌诊治进展,卵巢癌已成为严重威胁妇女生命和健康的主要肿瘤。卵     

当前妇科肿瘤临床诊治的特点和问题

妇科肿瘤占妇科疾病中的一大部分,随着人类的老龄化,50%的妇女会面临癌症的威胁,除了肺癌、乳腺癌外,便是妇科恶性肿瘤。三大妇科恶性肿瘤即宫颈癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌是影响妇女生命的主要顽症。近年来,宫颈癌的发病率,尤其是年轻妇女的发病率明显增加;子宫内膜癌的发生率也呈上升趋势;卵巢癌则是妇科恶性肿瘤中死亡率最高的肿瘤。当前,关于妇科肿瘤的诊治仍需强调以下几点。     

2007—2011年住院女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病分析

目的了解厦门市常住女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病情况,为肿瘤防控提供参考。方法对厦门大学附属第一医院2007—2011年住院的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病数据进行分析。结果 5年间共确诊女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤727例,前3位依次为宫颈癌61.5%,卵巢癌17.2%,子宫内膜癌16.8%,合计占95.5%。恶性肿瘤年患病数有逐年递增趋势。病例数占比40~49岁快速升高（29.2%）,≥50岁最多（51.7%）。结论应重点防控宫颈癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌,特别要重视50岁以上女性妇科恶性肿瘤的预防和早期诊治,但宫颈癌的筛查不能侧重于50岁以上女性。     

超声在子宫内膜病变中的应用

1子宫内膜癌概述 子宫内膜癌是女性生殖器官常见的三大恶性肿瘤之一，据统计我国子宫内膜癌占妇科恶性肿瘤的20％-30％。近20年来的国内外资料显示，子宫内膜癌的发病率有明显增加的趋势，在西方发达国家子宫内膜癌的发病率居妇科肿瘤的第一位。[第一段]     

卵巢癌早期易误认为消化道疾病

正卵巢癌是女性生殖器官常见的恶性肿瘤之一,90%～95%为卵巢原发性癌。由于卵巢癌早期缺少症状,即使有症状也不特异,筛查的作用又有限,早期诊断比较困难,就诊时60%～70%已为晚期,而晚期病例又疗效不佳。因此,虽然卵巢癌的发病率低于宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌,居妇科恶性肿瘤的第三位,但死亡率却超过宫颈癌及子宫内膜癌之和,高居妇科癌症首位。我国每年约有5.2万名女性被确诊为卵巢癌,死亡2.2万     

10例子宫内膜癌误诊分析

子宫内膜癌又称子宫体癌,是指子宫内膜发生的癌,绝大多数为腺癌。为女性生殖道常见三大恶性肿瘤之一,高发年龄为58岁～61岁．占女性癌总数7％,占女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的20％～30％,近几年来发病率有所上升,发病年龄趋向年轻．由于当前妇女病的普查普及,与宫颈癌相比,子宫内膜癌已趋于接近甚至超过。     

添加糖摄入与妇科癌症发病关系的研究进展

妇科恶性肿瘤是全球女性癌症的常见类型，也是全球女性癌症死亡的主要原因，其中宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌作为主要的妇科癌症类型，对全球女性健康构成严重威胁。研究表明，饮食在妇科癌症的发生发展中发挥着重要作用，而添加糖因其食物来源特点以及相关生物学效应，可能是宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌等主要妇科癌症的影响因素。就添加糖摄入与子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌以及宫颈癌等妇科癌症发病关系研究进展予以综述，以期为妇科癌症的积极预防提供参考。     

子宫肌瘤合并子宫内膜癌11例分析

子宫肌瘤是女性生殖器中最常见的良性肿瘤,同时也是最容易诊断的妇科肿瘤之一.在30～50岁妇女中其患病率可达70%～80%[1],而子宫内膜癌是女性生殖道常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率占女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的20%～30%,如对子宫肌瘤合并子宫内膜诊断、治疗不当就会影响患者的预后,通过探讨如何早期诊断、早期治疗,以降低子宫内膜癌的复发率.     

近年GTD/GTN诊治在EOTTD、NCCN和FIGO指南中的异同

妊娠滋养细胞疾病( gestational trophoblastic disease, GTD )/妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤 ( gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,GTN)是继妇科三大恶性肿瘤(宫颈癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌)后相对较为少见的肿瘤相关性疾病,其中GTN是指侵蚀性葡萄胎( in...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.