山东不同产地北虫草中麦角甾醇提取工艺与含量测定的研究

目的：建立北虫草子实体质量评价的HPLC方法,研究和比较山东区域不同产地的北虫草子实体中麦角甾醇的提取工艺和含量。方法：采用正交试验设计筛选北虫草中麦角甾醇最佳提取工艺,利用HPLC法定量分析10个不同产地北虫草子实体中麦角甾醇的含量;采用色谱柱为Promosil-C18柱,流动相为甲醇,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为282 nm。结果：北虫草中麦角甾醇的最佳提取最佳工艺为A2B3C2,即料-液比为1∶40,40℃时超声提取75 min;不同产地的北虫草中麦角甾醇含量范围为0.25%~0.68%。结论：本方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,可用于北虫草子实体中麦角甾醇的含量测定,为北虫草的质量评价提供了参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定云南红药胶囊中的三七皂苷R1、重楼皂苷Ⅶ、重楼皂苷Ⅵ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ和重楼皂苷Ⅰ的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定云南红药胶囊中三七皂苷R₁、重楼皂苷Ⅶ、重楼皂苷Ⅵ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ和重楼皂苷Ⅰ的含量,为云南红药胶囊质量的全面评价提供了科学依据。 方法 采用Diamonsil C₁₈ 柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱(0～12 min,18.0%A;12～19 min,18.0%A→25.0%A;19～27 min,25.0%A→45.0%A;27～34 min,45.0%A→55.0%A;34～40 min,55.0%A→18.0%A),检测波长为203 nm。流速0.9 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量为10 μL。结果 三七皂苷R1、重楼皂苷Ⅶ、重楼皂苷Ⅵ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ和重楼皂苷Ⅰ5个成分分别在7.32～146.40、4.70～94.00、3.85～77.00、6.97～139.40、11.09～221.80 mg·L-1内与色谱峰峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率均在97.12%～99.86%,RSD≤1.37%(n＝6)。结论 该研究建立的HPLC法同时测定云南红药胶囊中的5个成分,样品处理方法简便,方法专属性强,测定结果准确,重复性好,为云南红药胶囊质量的全面评价提供了科学依据。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定犬血浆中布地奈德

建立液相色谱-串联质谱法测定犬血浆中布地奈德。血浆样品碱化后，经乙酸乙酯液-液萃取，以乙腈-5 mmol·L^-1醋酸铵(60∶40，v/v)为流动相，Capcell Pak C₁₈ MG柱分离；采用电喷雾电离源，以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行负离子检测，用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 489→m/z 357(布地奈德)和m/z 493→m/z 413(内标，曲安奈德)。测定血浆中布地奈德方法的线性范围为25.0～2 000 pg·mL^-1，定量下限为25.0 pg·mL^-1，日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于15%，准确度(RE)在-8.1%～-1.7%。应用本法研究6只比格犬单次和多次给予布地奈德缓释胶囊9 mg后的药代动力学结果显示：单次给药后T_max为(3.5±3.3) h，C_max为(786±498) pg·mL^-1；多次给药后C_max为(2 142±1 515) pg·mL^-1。该法选择性强、灵敏度高、操作简便，适用于布地奈德缓释制剂的药代动力学研究。     

HPLC测定三七提取液中三七皂苷R2(S)、七叶胆苷XVII和人参皂苷F2的含量

目的 建立同时测定三七提取液中三七皂苷R₂(S)、七叶胆苷XVII及人参皂苷F₂含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 色谱柱为Waters Acquity UPLC CSH-C₁₈(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),流动相为0.01%甲酸-水(A)和0.01%甲酸-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,检测波长为203 nm,进样量为5 μL,流速为0.35 mL·min^-1,柱温为40 ℃。结果 在43 min内可完成三七皂苷R₂(S)、七叶胆苷XVII和人参皂苷F₂的分离测定。3种皂苷峰面积和浓度线性关系良好(r²>0.999 8);日内和日间精密度RSD<3.4%;回收率为98.4%~102.1%。结论 该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于三七提取液中皂苷成分的测定。     

HPLC法同时测定舒血灵胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷RG1及人参皂苷Rb1的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立舒血灵胶囊中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷RG₁及人参皂苷Rb₁的含量测定方法。方法: 采用Hypersil ODS-2 C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）色谱柱;以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流动相梯度为：0～8 min,20%A→20%A,8～40 min,20%A→30%A,40～60 min,30%A→45%A;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;柱温：25℃;检测波长：203 nm;进样量：20 μl。结果: 三七皂苷R₁在浓度0.05～0.50 mg·ml^-1范围内,人参皂苷RG₁和Rb₁在浓度0.20～2.00 mg·ml^-1范围内,与峰面积呈较好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）;三种成分的平均加样回收率分别为98.79%、98.42%、98.89%,RSD分别为0.85%、0.97%、0.74%（n=6）;日内精密度分别为0.49%、0.20%和0.39%;日间精密度分别为0.75%、0.56%和0.51%;稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<1%。结论:本试验建立的测定方法简便、准确性高、重复性好,可用于该制剂的含量测定。     

LC-MS/MS 法测定人血浆中倍他米松

建立测定人血浆中倍他米松的LC-MS/MS方法。采用Venusil XBP C₈ (200 mm×3.9 mm ID, 5 μm)色谱柱，流动相为甲醇-水(含甲酸铵5 mmol·L^-1)(80∶20)，流速0.4 mL·min^-1；质谱仪离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI)，正离子模式检测，监测离子为393.3→355.2(倍他米松)和361.3→343.2(泼尼松龙,内标)。血浆样本用乙酸乙酯处理。倍他米松在0.5~80.0 ng·mL^-1线性关系良好(r=0.999 2)， 血浆低、 中、 高3种浓度(1.0， 10.0， 60.0 ng·mL^-1)平均提取回收率为88.24%，定量限为0.5 ng·mL^-1。本方法操作简便、准确、灵敏，适用于复方倍他米松注射液人体药代动力学研究。     

星点设计-效应面法优化鹿角灵芝微乳超声提取工艺

目的 探讨以微乳超声法同时提取鹿角灵芝中灵芝酸和灵芝多糖的最佳条件。方法 采用星点设计-效应面法,以物料溶剂比(X₁)、超声提取时间(X₂)和超声功率(X₃)作为考察因素,以灵芝酸A、灵芝酸C₂、灵芝多糖含量和提取物得率为考察指标,并对考察因素和考察指标总评归一值进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,以效应面优选最佳的微乳超声提取工艺,并做验证试验。结果 微乳超声提取鹿角灵芝的最佳条件为物料溶剂比1∶18、超声提取时间59 min、超声功率513 W,此条件下灵芝酸A、灵芝酸C₂、灵芝多糖含量和提取物得率分别为0.647 8,0.108 5,11.20 mg·g^-1和34.28%。结论 微乳超声可同时提取鹿角灵芝中脂溶性和水溶性成分,并且节能、省时、操作简便,为工业化提取鹿角灵芝提供了新途径。     

阿西美辛在高锰酸钾-亚硫酸钠体系中的流动注射化学发光分析

目的研究阿西美辛对高锰酸钾-亚硫酸钠化学发光体系的增敏作用，建立阿西美辛的简便、快速测定新方法。 方法利用阿西美辛对高锰酸钾-亚硫酸钠化学发光体系的增敏作用,结合流动注射技术对其含量进行定量测定。 结果在1.0×10^-2 mol·L^-1 H₃PO₄ - 5.0×10^-5 mol·L^-1 KMnO₄ - 4.0×10^-4 mol·L^-1 Na₂SO₃体系中，化学发光强度与阿西美辛浓度在1.0×10^-7-1.0×10^-5 mol·L^-1呈线性关系，在3倍信噪比，阿西美辛的检出限为6.9×10^-8 mol·L^-1，对2.5×10^-6 mol·L^-1阿西美辛测定获得满意结果。结论该方法快速、简便、准确度好、灵敏度高、选择性好,对临床医学研究具有实际意义。     

混合模式色谱柱全水相测定阿仑膦酸钠片的含量和有关物质

目的 建立一种混合模式色谱柱联用电雾式检测器测定阿仑膦酸钠片的含量和有关物质的方法。方法 采用Acclaim Trinity P2色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm，3 μm），柱温35℃，以水（A）-100 mmol·L^-1甲酸铵溶液（用甲酸调至pH 3.3，B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱（0~4 min，20%→50% B；4~6 min，50%→40% B；6~8 min，40%→20% B），流速为0.3 mL·min^-1，进样量为20 μL；采用电雾式检测器测定，雾化温度为50℃，采样频率为5 Hz，过滤常数为3.6 s。结果 阿仑膦酸钠在0.70~1.40 mg·mL^-1内线性良好（r²=0.999 2），方法重复性的RSD为0.53%，平均加样回收率（n=9）为99.8%（RSD=1.25%）；有关物质测定项下，主成分阿仑膦酸钠，杂质磷酸盐、亚磷酸盐及4-氨基丁酸分别在19.04~76.16，3.95~49.38，3.97~49.69，3.94~49.23 μg·mL^-1内线性良好（r²>0.998），且各杂质的校正因子为0.67，0.56，0.55，各杂质定量限约为主成分浓度的0.05%，杂质测定方法的平均回收率（n=9）分别为86.2%，85.4%，91.0%，且RSD<2%；3家企业生产的阿仑膦酸钠片剂中阿仑膦酸的标示含量分别为92.0%，91.5%，95.2%，各杂质含量均小于中国药典阿仑膦酸钠项下规定的限度0.5%。结论 该方法操作简便，灵敏度和准确性较高，可用于阿仑膦酸钠片的含量测定和有关物质检查。     

齐墩果酸片的含量测定

目的：建立齐敦果酸片中齐墩果酸含量测定的方法。方法：采用YMC-Pack ODS-A(250×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱；以0.1%醋酸铵-乙腈(85:15)为流动相,等度洗脱；流量1.0mL.min_^-1；检测波长210nm；柱温35℃；进样量10μL。结果：齐墩果酸的浓度在10～1000μg.mL_^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.97%,其RSD为1.43%(n=9)。结论：该方法简便快速,可用于齐敦果酸片的含量测定。     

Identification and determination of nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis and its substitutes by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

Cordyceps sinensis (Cs) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Cordyceps mycelia (Cm), a cultured Cordyceps, is a substitute for Cordyceps sinensis. The most important active components in them are nucleosides. A high selective, sensitive and accurate high performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometric detection has been developed for simultaneous separation, identification and quantification of nucleosides in Cs and Cm using a mobile phase including (A) ammonium acetate (40 mM, pH 5.2) and (B) methanol with a gradient system on a 2.0 mm x 150 mm Shimadzu VP-ODS column. The presence of each nucleoside in Cs and Cm was ascertained by comparison of MS data, UV spectra and retention time with standards. LC/ESI-MS in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode were used for the quantification of nucleosides in Cs and Cm. 2-Chloroadenosine was used as internal standard for this assay. The precisions and accuracies were in the range of 1.5-5.3% and -3.5 to 5.0%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification for nucleosides were in the order of 0.1-0.6 microg ml(-1) and 0.5-2.0 microg ml(-1), respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 92.0-107.0%. With the developed method, the concentrations of nucleosides in Cs and Cm from different sources were determined. Cs, characterized with far lower concentration of adenosine and cordycepin than Cm, can be very easy to distinguish from Cm. This reliable method would be useful for the study and quality control of Cordyceps sinensis and its substitutes.     

Determination of purine and pyrimidine bases in natural and cultured Cordyceps using optimum acid hydrolysis followed by high performance liquid chromatography

A method based on optimum acid hydrolysis followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection was developed for quantitative determination of bio-available nucleosides, present as purine and pyrimidine bases including adenine, cytosine, guanine, hypoxanthine, thymine and uracil, in natural and cultured Cordyceps. It was found that the optimum conditions was hydrolyzing Cordyceps sample in eight folds of pure commercial perchloric acid for 1h at 95-100 degrees C. The determination was achieved by using a Zorbax SB-AQ analytical column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) at gradient elution with diode-array detection. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2>0.999) within test ranges. The developed method showed good repeatability for the quantification of six investigated nucleobases in Cordyceps with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 9.0 and 9.1%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify bio-available nucleosides in natural and cultured Cordyceps, which is helpful to control their quality.     

高效液相色谱法同时检测洋参抗衰合剂中丹参5种水溶性成分

目的：建立高效液相色谱法同时测定洋参抗衰合剂中5种水溶性丹参成分含量的方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法，Agilent ZORBAX Extend C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）色谱柱；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱：0~15 min，5.0% A；15~25 min，5.0%→30.0% A；25~35 min，30.0%→36.0% A；检测波长287 nm；柱温30℃；体积流量1.0 μg·mL^-1，测定洋参抗衰合剂中5种水溶性丹参成分含量。结果：洋参抗衰合剂方中君药丹参所含丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B共5种水溶性有效成分在考察浓度范围内各成分药物浓度与峰面积之间呈良好线性关系，平均加样回收率在95%~105%之间，RSD均在2.0%以内。结论：该方法快速、准确，重复性好，可用于洋参抗衰合剂中丹参水溶性成分的全面质量控制，有利于合剂水提效果的整体监控。     

HPLC法测定异福胶囊中异烟肼和利福平的含量

目的：建立异福胶囊中同时测定异烟肼和利福平的含量的方法。方法采用HPLC梯度洗脱法,色谱柱为十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充柱（Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB－C18,4．6mm ×250mm,5μm）,流动相分别为流动相A：甲醇－0．015mol? L －1磷酸二氢钠溶液（用磷酸调节pH值为6．5）（5∶95）,流动相B：甲醇－0．015mol? L－1磷酸二氢钠溶液（用磷酸调节pH值为6．5）（62∶38）;流速：1．3mL? min －1,检测波长：262nm。结果以峰面积（y）对进样浓度（x）线性回归,异烟肼回归方程：y＝29773x－7020．2,r＝0．9998,线性范围为11．48～183．6μg? mL －1;利福平回归方程：y＝35061x－67601,r＝0．9997,线性范围为13．78～275．6μg? mL －1,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系。异烟肼和利福平加样回收率分别为：分别为100．1％和99．9％（n＝9）,RSD分别为O．23％和0．26％。结论本方法操作简便、准确、重现性好,可用于同时测定异福胶囊中异烟肼和利福平的含量。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中黄芩苷和绿原酸

建立UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中黄芩苷和绿原酸的浓度，研究注射用银黄在健康人体的药代动力学。色谱柱为BEH C₁₈(50 mm×2.1 mm ID，1.7 μm)；流动相：A(水，0.1%甲酸)，B(甲醇，0.1%甲酸)，梯度洗脱；流速：0.35 mL·min^-1。电喷雾离子源，多反应监测。黄芩苷：［M+H］⁺，m/z 447→271；绿原酸：［M-H］^-，m/z 353→191；山柰素：［M+H］⁺，m/z 287→287。结果表明，黄芩苷和绿原酸血药浓度的线性范围分别为9.6～1 540和7.5～1 200 ng·mL^-1，日内、日间精密度均小于10.2%。志愿者静脉滴注注射用银黄后，黄芩苷和绿原酸的药时曲线分别符合二房室和三房室模型。该法简便、灵敏、特异，适用于血浆中黄芩苷和绿原酸浓度的测定。     

Effects of sample preparation methods on the quantification of nucleosides in natural and cultured Cordyceps

Sample preparation is the first and very important step, which can greatly influence the repeatability and accuracy of the analysis. To date, several sample preparation methods with different solvents have been used for quantitative determination of nucleosides in Cordyceps, but their data are greatly various. In this study, five nucleosides, including adenosine, guanosine, inosine, uridine and cordycepin, in Cordyceps were determined using three extraction methods i.e. organic solvent pressurized liquid extraction, boiling water extraction and ambient temperature water extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD). The similar results were obtained when organic solvent pressurized liquid extraction and boiling water extraction were applied. However, the amounts of nucleosides in natural C. sinensis and cultured C. militaris extracted with ambient temperature water were greatly increased except those of adenosine in natural C. sinensis and cordycepin in cultured C. militaris. In addition, the amount of investigated nucleosides in cultured C. sinensis had no obvious variation among the three extraction methods. The results suggest that sample preparation has significant effect on the quantification of nucleosides in Cordyceps.     

天然与发酵培养冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量及其变化

目的 比较天然和人工冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量,并对其变化进行考察。方法 采用高效毛细管电泳法测定天然和人工冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量;考察湿热对冬虫夏草中核苷类成分含量的影响。结果 人工冬虫夏草的核苷含量明显高于天然冬虫夏草;新采集的天然冬虫夏草中核苷类物质含量极低,而采集日久者核苷类成分含量却较高;湿热可明显增加天然冬虫夏草中核苷类物质的含量,但对人工冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量无明显影响。结论 天然和人工冬虫夏草中核苷类成分存在一定差异,天然冬虫夏草中核苷类物质可能主要来源于大分子核苷(酸)的降解,腺苷在天然冬虫夏草质量控制中的应用价值尚值得进一步研究。     

Simultaneous quantitation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)

A sensitive and specific assay method for the simultaneous quantitation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and progesterone (P) in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Plasma samples were processed by a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure using Oasis((R)) HLB extraction cartridge prior to chromatography. Medroxyprogestrone acetate (MPA) was used as the internal standard. The compounds were separated using Waters C18 Symmetry analytical column (3.5 microm, 2.1 mm x 50 mm) using a gradient elusion with a mobile phase consisting of 5% methanol in water [A] and methanol [B], with ammonium acetate (2mM) and formic acid (0.1%) being added to both [A] and [B], at a flow rate 0.3 ml/min. The retention times for 17-OHPC, 17-OHP, P and MPA were 4.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 2.2 min, respectively, with a total run time of 7 min. The analytes were detected by a Micromass Quattro Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive electron spray ionization (ESI) mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The extracted ions monitored following MRM transitions were m/z 429.10-->313.10 for 17-OHPC, m/z 331.17-->97.00 for 17-OHP, m/z 315.15-->109.00 for P and m/z 387.15-->327.25 for MPA (IS). The assay was linear over the range 1-200 ng/ml for 17-OHPC and 17-OHP, and 2-400 ng/ml for P, when 0.4 ml of plasma was used in the extraction. The overall intra- and inter-day assay variation was <15%. No significant variation in the concentration of 17-OHPC, 17-OHP or P was observed with different sample processing and/or storage conditions. This method is simple, allows easy, accurate and reproducible measurement of 17-OHPC, 17-OHP and P simultaneously in human plasma, and is used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 17-OHPC in pregnant subjects.     

超高效液相-质谱联用测定不同产地半夏中10种成分含量及质控指标筛选

目的： 建立同时测定半夏中6个核苷类（尿嘧啶、胞苷、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、腺苷）和4个有机酸类（酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸）的超高效液相-质谱联用（UPLC-MS/MS）分析方法,并对不同产地的半夏进行品质评价。方法： 色谱条件为Shim-pack XR-ODS Ⅲ（200 mm×2 mm,2.2 μm）,流动相A为0.1%甲酸水,B为甲醇,梯度洗脱程序为0→5 min：1% B,5→10 min：1%~3% B,10→25 min：3%~20% B;柱温25℃,流速0.3 mL·min^-1;质谱采用ESI离子源,多反应监测（MRM）的扫描方式进行检测;最后对结果采用SPSS和SIMCA进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果： 10种待测成分在1~32 ng·mL^-1线性关系良好,它们的加样回收率在96.8%~104.1%之间;该方法精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,符合方法学考察要求;24批半夏药材中酒石酸含量为0.22~1.08 mg·mL^-1、柠檬酸0.33~1.89 mg·mL^-1、苹果酸0.31~1.17 mg·mL^-1、琥珀酸0.28~1.17 mg·mL^-1、尿嘧啶0.01~0.83 mg·mL^-1、胞苷0.60~4.85 mg·mL^-1、尿苷0.10~0.26 mg·mL^-1、腺嘌呤0.02~0.27 mg·mL^-1、鸟苷0.06~0.34 mg·mL^-1、腺苷0.01~0.79 mg·mL^-1。结论： 本研究所建立方法稳定可行,可用于半夏中多成分含量的同时测定,为半夏的质量控制提供新参考。