肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清心肌酶临床分析

目的 研究血清心肌酶对肺炎支原体(MP)肺炎急性期患儿是否有心肌损害的诊断价值.方法 测定48例MP肺炎患儿(MP肺炎组)血清肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的变化.以48例健康儿童作为对照(对照组).结果 MP肺炎组急性期血清心肌酶AST(37.18±6.15)U/L、LDH(294.10±46.20)U/L、CK.MB(84.50±13.70)U/L,明显高于对照组的(25.14±10.50)、(140.50±76.21)、(19.50±4.10)U/L,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).MP肺炎组恢复期血清心肌酶较急性期明显下降,但CK-MB[(27.80±8.40)U/L]、LDH[(189.50±69.73)U/L]仍高于对照组(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 MP肺炎急性期有不同程度的心肌损害,血清CK-MB作为MP肺炎心肌损害的生化指标特异性强,治疗MP肺炎时应注意心肌损害,及时给予保护心肌治疗.     

血液指标在脑梗死合并冠心病鉴别诊断中的临床意义

目的 探讨多项血液指标对脑梗死合并冠心病的鉴别诊断意义.方法 选择老年高血压合并脑梗死患者163例,其中脑梗死无冠心病患者107例(脑梗死组),脑梗死合并冠心病患者56例(脑梗死合并冠心病组),选取同期健康体检者82例作为对照组.分别测定肌酸激酶(CK)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、D-二聚体(D-D)、肌酸激酶同工酶-MB(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸(HBDH)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),并进行比较.结果 三组CK、HDL-C、hs-CRP、D-D、CK-MB、LDH、HBDH、AST比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).脑梗死组与脑梗死合并冠心病组CK-MB、LDH、HBDH、AST、D-D比较差异有统计学意义[(13.0±4.2) U/L比(11.8±9.9)U/L、(203.6±55.2) U/L比(210.5±61.6)U/L、(160.8±33.4)U/L比(197.1±35.1) U/L、(23.0±8.1) U/L比(25.1±10.1) U/L、(7.56±6.95) mg/L比(13.10±7.89) mg/L] (P＜0.05).结论 CK-MB、LDH、HBDH、AST、D-D对脑梗死是否合并冠心病有一定鉴别诊断意义,hs-CRP对脑梗死是否合并冠心病无鉴别诊断意义.     

支气管肺炎患儿血清AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB的检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨支气管肺炎患儿血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氩酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)等心肌酶水平变化及临床意义.方法 采用酶法及速率法对76例支气管肺炎患儿和40名健康儿童血清AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平进行检测.结果 支气管肺炎患儿组血清AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB等指标水平均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).结论 检测支气管肺炎患儿血清AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB活性对其心肌损害及病情变化的检测具有重要临床价值.     

精神分裂症患者急性发作和健康人心肌酶谱的对照研究

目的观察心肌酶谱检测在精神分裂症患者的临床价值。方法采用生化酶水解法随机选取60例住院精神分裂症患者,70例门诊健康体检者,进行测定心肌酶谱:肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平。结果精神分裂症组CK、CK-MB、LDH、ALT水平分别291.2±14.2、33.1±2.4、132.7±6.3、21.8±2.5 U/L,健康对照组CK、CK-MB、LDH、ALT水平分别58.2±8.1、12.9±2.1、130.6±5.1、21.2±2.2 U/L。精神分裂症组的CK、CK-MB,水平显著高于健康对照组(u值分别为112.397、50.626,P值均0.01),差异有统计学意义。精神分裂症的AST、LDH的水平(u值分别2.067、1.442,P值均0.05)差异无统计学意义。结论血清CK、CK-MB水平在精神分裂症急性发作中不能作为心肌梗塞的指标,它是病人病情发作、情绪激动、应急动作的反应。     

窒息新生儿心肌酶谱的分析

目的:探讨血清心肌酶活性测定在新生儿窒息中的临床应用价值,为临床早期诊断新生儿窒息提供临床依据。方法:选择2011年6月~2013年6月窒息新生儿64例,其中重度窒息22例(重度组),轻度窒息42例(轻度组),同期正常新生儿50例(对照组)。观察各组天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酶激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)水平。结果:重度组AST、CK、HBDH、CK-MB和LDH分别为(139.66±11.62)U/L、(958.37±50.44)U/L、(958.37±50.44)U/L、(138.06±9.82)U/L和(526.18±46.36)U/L,高于轻度组[(76.47±8.51)U/L、(410.28±17.26)U/L、(410.28±17.26)U/L、(63.71±5.09)U/L和(354.80±32.15)U/L],且重度组和轻度组均高于对照组,各组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。窒息新生儿治疗1周后,AST、CK、HBDH、CK-MB和LDH分别为(65.12±5.39)U/L、(116.12±9.48)U/L、(107.84±9.83)U/L、(131.28±10.46)U/L和(201.30±17.84)U/L,均低于治疗前[(101.38±9.64)U/L、(814.52±36.19)U/L、(490.51±30.36)U/L、(815.62±56.19)U/L和(493.64±29.32)U/L],治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:窒息新生儿心肌酶谱均升高,并可根据其升高的程度,作为辅助判定窒息程度及心肌损害的客观参考指标,并可评估患儿预后状况,以便早期诊断及时治疗。     

湖北松滋地区健康儿童各年龄组心肌酶正常参考值调查

目的 检测健康儿童心肌酶指标,建立本地区健康儿童各年龄组心肌酶谱正常参考范围。方法 对957例健康儿童采集周围静脉血采用速率法在美国雅培C-8000全自动生化分析上测定AST、CK、CK-MB、LDH、α-HBDH血清水平。结果 心肌酶正常参考值随年龄增长而逐渐下降,血清AST、CK、CK-MB、LDH、α-HBDH水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01),Ⅰ组:24~168h(早期新生儿组)明显高于Ⅱ组:~3岁(婴幼儿组)、Ⅲ组:~6岁(学龄前组)、Ⅳ组:~12岁(学龄期组);儿童各年龄组与成人对照组差异显著(P＜0.05或＜0.01),均显著高于成人对照组正常参考范围。儿童各年龄组正常参考范围:Ⅰ组 AST 23~113 U/L;CK 194~1104 U/L;CK-MB 25~115 U/L;LDH 140~956 U/L;α-HBDH 92~754 U/L;Ⅱ组 AST 19~73 U/L;CK 37~237 U/L;CK-MB 7~55 U/L;LDH 176~414 U/L;α-HBDH 122~320 U/L);Ⅲ组LDH 165~343 U/L、α-HBDH 102~274 U/L;Ⅳ组 AST 13~49 U/L;CK 20~186 U/L;CK-MB 5~39 U/L;LDH 126~286 U/L;α-HBDH 86~220 U/L。 结论 建立适合本地区新生儿、婴幼儿、学龄前及学龄期心肌酶谱的正常参考范围,为临床的诊断和治疗提供可靠的指标。     

CK-MB/CK方法诊断婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎并发心肌损害的临床研究

目的探讨采用检测肌酸激酶同工酶/肌酸激酶(CK-MB/CK)方法减少婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎并发心肌损害过度诊断的临床价值。方法选取该院2016年7月-2017年10月收治的200例腹泻患儿进行研究,采集其新鲜大便,采用金标免疫斑点法检测粪便中轮状病毒抗原,并相应分组,其中轮状病毒检测阳性者设为观察组(100例);轮状病毒检测阴性者设为对照组(100例),分别于清晨空腹下抽取两组患儿静脉血液检测CK、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、CK-MB。结果观察组患儿LDH、CK、CK-MB水平分别为(297. 84±103. 25) U/L、(374. 14±88. 17) U/L、(42. 14±19. 26) U/L,明显高于对照组的(152. 74±26. 85) U/L、(122. 76±24. 10) U/L、(6. 95±2. 18) U/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。观察组CK-MB/CK为11. 26%,明显高于对照组的5. 66%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17. 85,P=0. 00)。结论临床通过采用传统心肌酶谱检测可排除心肌损害疑似者,但通过检测CK-MB/CK可有利于早期诊断婴幼儿轮状病毒并发心肌损害,为减少临床过度诊断和过度治疗提供保障。     

新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌酶谱水平的影响及临床意义

目的 探讨高胆红素对心肌的损伤作用.方法 同时测定68例高胆红素血症新生儿(研究组)与38例生理性黄疸不明显的新生儿(对照组)治疗前后的血清总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)的水平,并进行比较.结果 研究组治疗前血清TBIL、CK、CK-MB、cTnI水平显著高于对照组[(270.24±36.89)μmol/L比(68.95±10.87)μmol/L、(414.27±135.45) U/L比(178.35±59.62) U/L、(63.31±23.25) U/L比(16.78±8.89) U/L、(0.39±0.11) μg/L比(0.18±0.07) μgL],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组治疗后血清TBIL、CK、CK-MB、cTnI水平明显降低[(69.13±9.98)μmol/L、(183.35±61.01) U/L、(17.45±9.08) U/L、(0.19±0.01)μg/L],与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 高胆红素导致的心肌损伤具有可逆性.应常规对高胆红素血症新生儿的心肌酶谱与肌钙蛋白进行检测,以指导临床医生对心肌的保护性治疗.     

脑心综合征应用依达拉奉治疗前后心肌酶、BNP水平变化及意义

目的：分析脑心综合征应用依达拉奉治疗前后心肌酶、BNP水平变化及意义。方法：选取2011年5月-2013年10月在本院进行治疗的脑心综合征患者80例为研究对象进行分析,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,两组给予相同常规治疗,研究组在此基础上应用依达拉奉注射液治疗,对比两组患者治疗2周后临床总有效率、心肌酶（以血清AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB为主）和BNP变化。结果：研究组治疗总有效率82.5%,显著高于对照组57.5%,比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;研究组患者心肌酶指标（AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB）、BNP水平显著低于对照组,心肌损害和心力衰竭等情况比对照组稍轻,比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：应用依达拉奉治疗脑心综合征患者心肌酶与BNP水平显著降低,可改善心肌损害与心力衰竭等症状,改善预后,有较高应用价值。     

支气管肺炎患儿血清AST、LDH、CK、CK—MB的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨支气管肺炎患儿血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（cK）,肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）等心肌酶水平变化及临床意义。方法采用酶法及速率法对76例支气管肺炎患儿和40名健康儿童血清AST、LDH、CK、CK--MB水平进行检测。结果支气管肺炎患儿组血清AST,LDH、CK、CK-MB等指标水平均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论检测支气管肺炎惠儿血清AST、LDH,CK、CK-MB活性对其心肌损害及病情变化的检测具有重要临床价值。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.