镜下自体相绳肌与同种异体半腱肌重建膝前交叉韧带对比研究

目的观察关节镜下自体桐绳肌肌腱与同种异体半腱肌腱单骨道重建膝关节前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）的疗效与差异。方法选择2009年10月至2010年11月膝关节前交叉韧带单骨道重建患者115例,分为两组。A组：自体桐绳肌肌腱移植57例,获随访49例,男40例,女9例;年龄16～54岁,平均28．8岁。B组：同种异体半腱肌腱移植58例,获随访52例,男44例,女8例;年龄12～50岁,平均27．9岁。根据骨骺闭合时间,大于21岁自体捐绳肌肌腱组50例、同种异体半腱肌腱组47例,股骨端均采用Rigidfix系统固定;小于21岁自体桐绳肌肌腱组7例、同种异体半腱肌组11例,股骨端采用Endobutton系统固定;胫骨端均采用生物挤压螺钉加自制门型钉悬吊固定。评价项目包括手术时间、发热人数、膝关节活动度、国际膝关节评分委员会评分、Lysholm评分及KT2000测定。结果101例患者均获随访,随访时间15～31个月,平均22．4个月。两组患者术后膝关节稳定性均得到明显改善,除手术时间、发热人数外,物理检查及功能评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论关节镜下自体与同种异体肌腱重建ACL都有较好的疗效,移植肌腱的选择需根据患者的伤情及自身要求来确定。     

关节镜下4束自体腘绳肌腱与异体胫前肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的临床对比研究

目的探讨4束自体腘绳肌腱与异体胫前肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2013年6月在广州市番禺中心医院行关节镜下ACL重建术的42例单纯ACL断裂患者的临床资料,根据移植物的不同分为自体组(4束自体腘绳肌腱移植,22例)和异体组(异体胫前肌腱移植,20例),比较两组手术时间、发热时间和伤口愈合时间的差异;采用Lysholm膝关节评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分表评估膝关节功能,KT-2000关节测量仪评估膝关节稳定性。结果自体组手术时间长于异体组,发热时间少于异体组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。自体组和异体组随访时间分别为(27±3)和(27±4)个月。随访期间两组均无移植物断裂松动、下肢深静脉栓塞、伤口不愈合等并发症发生。末次随访时,两组Lysholm评分、IKDC分级、KT2000平移距离均较术前明显改善(P0.05),但两组之间上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 4束自体腘绳肌腱与异体胫前肌腱重建ACL的临床疗效无明显差异;在缺乏自体韧带情况下,异体胫前肌腱是良好的替代物之一。     

自体腘绳肌肌腱与新鲜冷冻同种异体胫前肌肌腱移植对前交叉韧带重建效果的影响

随着内固定装置和更加精确的隧道技术的发展,自体腘绳肌肌腱和同种异体胫前肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）开始普遍应用于关节外科。尽管自体组织移植具有很高的成功率,但一些外科医师还是倾向于采用同种异体移植物,以避免供区并发症;但同种异体移植物的有效性目前仍存在争议。本研究旨在通过前瞻性多中心随机对照实验研究,比较自体腘绳肌肌腱与新鲜冷冻同种异体胫前肌肌腱移植重建ACL在临床疗效和膝关节稳定性方面的差异。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱与腓骨长肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带

[目的]比较关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌与自体腓骨肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2014年7月~2017年12月在本院行关节镜下单束重建ACL的46例患者,26例采用自体腘绳肌腱,20例采用自体腓骨长肌腱。采用国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)及Lysholm评分对膝关节功能进行评估,并应用FADI评分对患肢踝关节功能进行评估,并记录患肢大腿周径的变化。应用膝关节MRI对移植物连续性进行评估。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术。两组患者手术时间、术后恢复下地行走时间等差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中取腱初始长度、腱编织后移植物直径自体腓骨长肌腱组明显大于自体腘绳肌腱组,但自体腓骨长肌腱组手术切口总长度显著长于腘绳肌腱组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者随访12~18个月,平均(14.93±1.97)个月。术后1年时两组患者的IKDC、Lysholm评分均较术前显著增加(P0.05),但相应时间点两组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年时两组患肢踝关节功能FADI评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),自体腓骨长肌移植组术后1年时大腿周径双侧差值明显小于腘绳肌腱组(P0.05)。术后1年时MRI评估,腘绳肌腱组移植物连续性显示良好23例,中等3例;腓骨肌腱组显示良好18例,中等2例,两组的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均未见髁间撞击征发生。[结论]自体腓骨长肌单束重建前交叉韧带术后1年时可达到与自体腘绳肌腱移植类似的膝关节功能学评分,该方法术中可获得具有更大直径的移植物,术后患肢大腿肌肉萎缩程度较轻,且对踝关节功能无明显影响。     

自体与同种异体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效比较

目的 比较关节镜下保留残端自体腘绳肌腱与同种异体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效。方法 将45例前交叉韧带损伤患者按照治疗方法不同分为观察组(采用关节镜下保留残端自体腘绳肌腱重建治疗，25例)和对照组(采用关节镜下保留残端同种异体腘绳肌腱重建治疗，20例)。比较两组膝关节稳定性、术后并发症发生率、膝关节功能及膝关节活动度。结果 患者均获得随访，时间12～14个月。术后12个月MRI检查显示两组均腱骨愈合。KT-2000关节测量仪测量的两组双侧移动差值：术后3个月比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6、12个月观察组均小于对照组(P<0.05)。末次随访时，两组Lachman试验均为阴性。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3、12个月Lysholm评分观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。末次随访时，两组膝关节伸直、屈曲活动度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与同种异体腘绳肌腱相比，关节镜下保留残端自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带有利于膝关节功能的恢复，且稳定性好。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。方法在关节镜下采用4股自体腘绳肌腱、Endobutton钢板联合可吸收界面螺钉重建ACL治疗28例ACL损伤患者。结果 26例获得随访,时间4～20(12±2.3)个月。术后膝关节功能均在正常范围内,Lachman试验阴性23例,阳性3例(但终末点均"硬");Lysholm评分:术前为28～65(35.2±12.53)分,术后为90～98(93.12±5.10)分。结论关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL创伤小,手术操作简便,效果可靠。     

关节镜下横穿钉固定重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效分析

[目的]观察关节镜下股骨侧应用横穿钉(Transfix)固定,胫骨侧界面螺钉(Interference)结合门型钉固定自体腘绳肌腱或同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。[方法]膝关节前交叉韧带重建患者117例,所有患者均应用股骨侧横穿钉(Transfix)固定,胫骨侧界面螺钉(Interference)结合门型钉固定行前交叉韧带单束重建,其中使用自体腘绳肌腱患者81例,使用同种异体肌腱患者36例,观察此固定方法的可靠性及近期疗效,使用Lysholm评分及IKDC 2000评价手术前后膝关节功能。[结果]103例患者获得随访,随访时间12～26个月(平均18个月),关节活动度正常。平均Lysholm评分由术前的(57.60±5.74)分提高到术后的(94.55±2.38)分(P0.05)。IKDC 2000评分96例正常,6例(5.8%)接近正常,1例(1%)异常。自体腘绳肌腱组和同种异体肌腱组患者的物理检查及功能评分无明显差异。[结论]股骨侧横穿钉固定,胫骨侧界面螺钉结合门型钉固定重建膝关节前交叉韧带的手术方式近期疗效肯定,移植物固定可靠,手术操作安全。应用自体及同种异体肌腱进行重建都具有良好的临床效果,可根据患者的病情及主观要求进行选择。     

关节镜下自体与同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床研究

[目的]比较自体与同种异体肌腱关节镜下重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析了56例ACLⅢ度损伤病人,将其分为2组;A组:自体肌腱移植30例;B组:同种异体肌腱移植26例。两组病人采用相同的手术方法,术后随访25～48个月,平均34.4个月。[结果]理学检查、Lysholm-Tegner和IKDC膝关节综合功能评定及KT2000检测,手术前后两组各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组间术后各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]同种异体与自体肌腱重建ACL的疗效相近,是重建ACL良好的移植物。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后并发症研究进展

前交叉韧带(ACL)对于膝关节的稳定性起着重要作用,损伤可引起膝关节功能不稳及其继发的关节病变。目前关节镜下ACL重建是治疗ACL损伤的主要治疗方法。ACL重建术的移植物有自体骨-腱-骨和腘绳肌肌腱、同种异体肌腱、人工韧带等,其中自体腘绳肌肌腱移植物因创伤少、操作简便、临床效果佳等优点,被临床医师广泛应用。但自体腘绳肌肌腱重建ACL术后仍存在少量并发症,如膝关节感染、关节纤维化、骨隧道扩大、神经损伤等。该文就自体腘绳肌肌腱重建ACL术后并发症研究进展作一综述。     

关节镜下早期修复和重建膝关节多韧带损伤的临床观察

目的探讨应用同种异体肌腱和自体腘绳肌腱早期修复、重建膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床疗效。方法对16例多发韧带损伤行关节镜下同种异体肌腱和自体腘绳肌腱移植重建前、后交叉韧带(ACL、PCL),同时修复断裂的内侧副韧带(MCL)或后外侧结构。结果本组平均随访18个月,Lysholm评分由术前的(33.2±2.5)分提高到末次随访时的(89.0±5.0)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。关节功能优9膝,良6膝,可1膝。结论关节镜下早期应用同种异体肌腱和自体腘绳肌腱修复膝关节多发韧带损伤,能可靠恢复膝关节功能和活动范围,具有缩短疗程,降低费用等优点。     

膝关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱和同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带对比观察

目的：探讨关节镜下同种异体肌腱和自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效。方法：收集32例前交叉韧带损伤病例,单纯前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤29例,与后交叉韧带（PCL）同时损伤3例。分为2组,同种异体肌腱重建15例,男12例,女3例,年龄23～61岁;自体腘绳肌腱重建17例,男11例,女6例,年龄17～57岁。用可吸收或钛挤压螺钉固定,观察并记录治疗后的症状、体征变化和Lysholm评分以及术后6个月的功能康复情况。结果：全部病例均获得随访,时间6～8个月,所有病例无膝前区疼痛,临床症状消失,膝关节功能得到改善。同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带5例患者仍出现Lachman征阳性体征,其中1例产生严重的排斥反应,关节镜复查韧带完全吸收。2组患者治疗后Lysholm评分分别为平均（88.5±7.2）分和（93.2±8.5）分,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：关节镜下两种方法重建前交叉韧带都有较好的疗效,同种异体肌腱重建交叉韧带早期有更多的症状,有明显的个体差异,重建交叉韧带尽可能选用自体腘绳肌腱。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带

目的：探讨关节镜下自体4股腘绳肌腱、生物可吸收挤压螺钉固定重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床效果。方法：31例经关节镜检查证实为前交叉韧带断裂的患者，男27例，女4例；年龄17～40岁，平均25岁。其中合并半月板损伤26例，合并局部软骨损伤3例，软骨Ⅰ～Ⅱ度退变16例。均于关节镜下行自体4股腘绳肌腱和软组织生物可吸收挤压固定螺钉重建ACL。术后对膝关节功能进行评定。结果：31例术后均未发生关节感染、血管神经损伤等严重并发症。30例获得随访，时间9-39个月，平均（19±9．0）个月，Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前平均（54．6±16．6）分提高至随访时平均（92．5±5．7）分，较术前显著改善（t=11．84，P〈0．01）。30例患者中，26例恢复伤前运动水平，2例运动水平较伤前降低，2例因运动后出现关节酸痛而不敢剧烈运动。结论：关节镜下采用4股腘绳肌腱作移植物，生物可吸收挤压螺钉固定，是重建ACL的一种安全可靠的治疗方法。具有手术创伤少、术后膝关节功能恢复良好的优点。     

Surface blood flow and histology of human anterior cruciate ligament allografts

We measured surface blood flow in 53 anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) reconstructed with allogeneic tendon grafts using laser Doppler flowmetry and examined their histology through biopsy specimens procured during second-look arthroscopy to investigate the fate of ACL allografts on a long-term basis. The age of the grafts, i.e., time from the reconstruction to the second-look arthroscopy, ranged from 6 to 89 months. Six-month grafts showed significantly higher blood flow than the other older ones from 12 to 89 months, which showed a blood flow level equivalent to normal control ACLs. Histological studies revealed that ACL allografts remodeled with time, and that they reached stability by 18 months postimplantation. These results confirmed the concepts of age-dependent remodeling of allografts and their longevity in the human knee joint.     

Comparison of males' and females' ratios of anterior-cruciate-ligament width to femoral-intercondylar-notch width: a cadaveric study

The relative incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries has been reported to be significantly higher in females than in males. Although many hypotheses have been proposed for this discrepancy, no conclusive explanation has reached consensus opinion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens to determine whether there is a significant difference between males' and females' ratios of ACL width to femoral intercondylar notch (FIN) width. We evaluated 15 male knees and 11 female knees. Data regarding sex, age, side (right or left), and ACL and FIN widths were obtained for all specimens. Age of male specimens ranged from 48 to 84 years (mean, 63.9 y); age of female specimens ranged from 33 to 96 years (mean, 69.9 y). Mean ACL width, mean FIN width, and their ratios were calculated. In the male specimens, mean ACL width was 10.59 mm (SD, 1.30 mm), mean FIN width was 20.18 mm (SD, 2.20 mm), and mean ACL:FIN width ratio was .526 +/- 0.047 (52.6% +/- 4.7% of FIN width); in the female specimens, mean ACL width was 8.09 mm (SD, 1.12 mm), mean FIN width was 20.50 mm (SD, 1.69 mm), and mean ACL: FIN width ratio was .393 +/- 0.03 (39.3% +/- 3% of FIN width). Results showed statistically significant differences between males' and females' ACL widths (P < .001) and between their ACL: FIN width ratios (P< .001) but not between their FIN widths. The significant difference between males' and females' ACL widths may be related to the general size differences between the groups. It has been speculated that female athletes' smaller ACLs may predispose them to ACL ruptures. Perhaps more significant is the difference between males' and females' ACL: FIN width ratios, which are significantly smaller in females compared with males. This may be directly related to the cause of more ACL ruptures in females. Further studies, including a good mechanical model, will help elucidate whether this anatomic discrepancy correlates clinically.     

按摩足太阳膀胱经治疗颈型颈椎病的随机对照临床研究

目的:探讨温热、按摩、挤压足太阳膀胱经对治疗颈型颈椎病的颈项强痛、活动受限等症状的临床疗效。方法:符合颈型颈椎病诊断标准的受试者222例,其中治疗组113例,男20例,女93例;年龄41~68岁,平均53.6岁;病程6d~30年;采用温热理疗床治疗。对照组109例,男21例,女88例;年龄37~69岁,平均54.4岁;病程4d~31年;以场效应治疗仪配合无针针灸按摩仪进行治疗。两组病例在性别、年龄和病程方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用积分法比较两组主要症状体征的差异。结果:222例经过3个月治疗随访,两种治疗方法对于缓解颈项痛、上肢痛、头痛、肩部疼痛、颈部活动度均有显著疗效。治疗组在改善颈部活动度、缓解枕下及椎周软组织压痛优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:温热理疗床通过连续按摩、挤压足太阳膀胱经中的相应腧穴,具有温经通络、解痉止痛的作用。     

Primary ACL reconstruction with fresh-frozen patellar versus Achilles tendon allografts

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been an interest in the use of allografts as an alternative graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to reduce potential donor-site morbidity resulting from the harvest of autogenous tissue. Nevertheless, in the literature, the use of allografts for primary ACL reconstruction is controversial due to a higher failure rate and the potential risk of disease transmission. METHOD: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of 251 fresh-frozen patellar vs Achilles tendon allografts for primary ACL reconstruction. Patients (average age 39 years) were operated on between 1993 and 1998, and the mean follow-up was 37.7 months (range 24-74 months). We were able to follow up 225 patients (89.6%). According to the different types of allograft, we divided the patients into two groups: group P with patellar bone-tendon-bone allograft (BTB; n=183) and group A with Achilles bone-tendon allograft ( n=42). Clinical evaluation consisted of a history, an examination, IKDC Score, Cincinnati Knee Score (CKS), Cincinnati Sports Activity Scale (CSAS), KT-1000 testing, and standardized X-rays. RESULTS: According to the IKDC, the outcome was normal or nearly normal in 75.3% in group P and 76.2% in group A. Overall rating according to the CKS was an average of 85 in group P and 82.9 in group A. CSAS was 79.6 in group P and 84.8 in group A. The objective stability measured with the KT-1000 showed an average side-to-side difference of 2.1 mm in group P and 2.0 mm in group A. 4.4% of group P and 2.5% of group A were considered a laxity failure, and 10.4% of group P and 4.8% of group A re-ruptured the reconstructed ACL. In summary, there was a significantly higher failure rate ( p<0.001) in group P compared with group A. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory clinical results can be achieved with the use of allografts for primary ACL reconstruction. Comparing Achilles tendon and patellar BTB allografts, the Achilles tendon-bone allograft seems to be advantageous for ACL reconstruction as the failure rate was significantly lower. Nevertheless, the total failure rate appears to be much higher compared with autogenous ACL reconstruction, indicating that the use of an allograft for routine uncomplicated primary ACL reconstruction offers few advantages. Therefore, autograft tissue remains our graft of first choice for this procedure. We advise reserving allografts for revision procedures where suitable autogenous tissues have been previously compromised, where a contraindication for autogenous tissue harvest exists, or for multiple ligament surgery.     

关节镜下复位微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的:研究关节镜下微创经皮钢板内固定(MIPPO)治疗胫骨平台骨折的手术方法和临床效果。方法:关节镜监视下治疗胫骨平台骨折55例,男31例,女24例;年龄18~75岁,平均47岁。SchatzkerⅡ型18例,Ⅲ型20例,Ⅳ型9例,Ⅴ型5例,Ⅵ型3例。合并半月板损伤23例,前交叉韧带损伤9例,侧副韧带损伤8例。术中通过皮肤微小切口经皮插入解剖型支撑钢板,骨缺损处用自体髂骨或同种异体骨植骨,术后配合早期的功能训练。结果:所有患者均得到随访,随访时间35~50个月,平均45·6个月。采用Lysholm评分标准评价临床疗效,优46例,良5例,可3例,差1例,优良率为92·7%。结论:关节镜下应用MIPPO技术治疗胫骨平台骨折能够以最小的创伤重建关节面平整,使骨折得到坚强固定。早期行膝关节功能锻炼,以获得满意疗效。     

双源CT三维重建前交叉韧带胫骨止点印迹的临床研究

目的通过双源CT(dual-source computed tomography,DSCT)三维重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)胫骨止点印迹,测量印迹相关参数,为临床解剖重建提供依据。方法对55名志愿者双侧共110个膝关节进行DSCT扫描,其中男32例,女23例,年龄20～50岁。64排工作站(GE,Volume Share2-AW4.4版本软件)三维重建膝关节胫骨平台,再现胫骨平台ACL印迹,测量印迹面积,长短轴,印迹中心点在胫骨平台相对位置等。结果男性ACL胫骨印迹面积(200.99±30.42)mm2显著大于女性(170.30±26.94)mm2(t=5.471,P=0.000)。男性ACL胫骨印迹短轴(9.25±1.56)mm显著长于女性(8.30±1.46)mm(t=3.235,P=0.002)。男性ACL胫骨印迹长轴(14.00±1.76)mm与女性(13.63±1.65)mm无统计学差异(t=1.116,P=0.267)。男性ACL胫骨矢状面位置(48.35±6.13)%与女性(47.53±4.34)%比较无统计学差异(t=0.778,P=0.439)。男性ACL胫骨冠状面位置(49.70±2.37)%与女性(49.00±2.68)%比较无统计学差异(t=1.446,P=0.151)。结论双源CT三维重建可再现ACL胫骨止点自然印迹,其形态、位置存在个体化差异,要实现ACL解剖重建必须采用个体化重建技术。     

扩大后外侧入路处理中央型胸腰段椎间盘突出症

目的胸腰段中央型椎间盘突出采取扩大后外侧入路去除突出及钙化的椎间盘。方法本组病例男16例,女5例,年龄21～65岁,平均43.9岁,L1-2突出为11例次,T11-12为8例次,T12-L1为5例次。均为中央型突出为主,均行扩大后外侧入路处理。结果所有病例均获得改善,随访1～3.5年,平均2年。结论扩大后外侧入路行胸腰段中央型椎间盘突出,出血少,创伤小,对脊髓影响小,能达到完全减压的目的。     

Arthroscopy-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon or hamstring autografts

Isolated ACL reconstructions were performed in 138 patients between 1994 and 1998. Patellar bone-patellar tendon-bone, and hamstring tendon autografts were used in 88 patients, and allografts were used in 50 patients. Eighty-eight knees of 88 patients with autograft reconstructions (17 female, 71 male) were included in this study and evaluation of the patients with allograft reconstruction reported separately. The mean age at the time of the operation was 32 years. All ACL reconstructions were performed arthroscopically. Twenty-seven bone-patellar tendon-bone, and 61 hamstring tendon autografts were used. The mean follow-up was 29 months. In the postoperative course the Lachman test was negative in 62 patients, 1+ in 22 patients, and 2+ in 4 patients. In 17 patients, anterior drawer sign were 1+ in comparison to the contralateral side. Pivot shift test was moderately positive only in 5 cases in the bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring tendon autograft groups postoperatively. There were 3 patients with subjective "giving way" symptoms. Second look arthroscopy revealed rupture of the neo-ligament. Arthroscopic washout and debridement were performed, and no revision ligamentoplasties were performed. Two of these patients improved with accelerated proprioceptive physical therapy, and one had to decrease his previous level of activity. There were no cases of arthrofibrosis, infection, or extension lag. Clinical results of patellar bone-tendon-bone and hamstring groups did not show any significant clinical difference. Avoiding the disturbance of the extensor mechanism of the knee is probably the most significant advantage of the hamstring autograft.