不同产地蒙古扁桃仁中苦杏仁苷的含量比较

目的建立蒙古扁桃仁中苦杏仁苷含量测定的方法,并对不同产地蒙古扁桃仁中苦杏仁苷的含量进行比较。方法采用高效液相色谱法,检测条件为:Shim-Pack VP-ODS C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水(12∶88,V/V);柱温:30℃;流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长:208 nm;进样量:20μl。结果苦杏仁苷在9.9μg/ml~118.8μg/ml浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均加样回收率为99.3%,RSD为1.61%(n=9)。所测样品中苦杏仁苷的含量在13.8 mg/g~48.0 mg/g,其中,河北张家口的含量最高,内蒙古固阳爬榆树的含量最低。结论本实验采用高效液相色谱法测定了不同出产地蒙古扁桃仁中苦杏仁苷的含量。该方法准确、可靠、快捷,可作为蒙古扁桃药材质量评价的指标及资源开发的依据。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定大鼠胰腺组织中头孢噻肟钠的含量

[目的]建立反相高效液相色谱法测定大鼠胰腺组织中头孢噻肟钠含量. [方法]以茶碱为内标,采用YMC-C18柱,以0.015 mol/L 磷酸二氢钾缓冲液-甲醇溶液 (pH 调4.70) (82:18) 为流动相,流速 0.8 ml/min,紫外检测波长为254 nm. [结果]标准曲线线性范围为:16～0.5(μg/ml);头孢噻肟检测限为0.25μg/ml;提取回收率为:76.70%～85.24%;方法回收率为 106.21%～107.79%;日内RSD在5.74%～10.76%之间,日间 RSD 在5.53%～9.14%之间. [结论]该方法揉作简单,结果准确,重现性好,用于大鼠胰腺组织中头孢噻肟钠含量测定得到满意结果.     

保健食品中总黄酮醇苷测定方法研究

目的建立保健食品中总黄酮醇苷的酸水解-高效液相色谱测定方法。方法采用甲醇回流提取总黄酮醇苷,酸水解法水解为槲皮素、山柰素和异鼠李素3种苷元,用高效液相色谱仪测定3种苷元含量,计算总黄酮醇苷含量。结果甲醇-25%盐酸(4∶1)在85℃水浴中回流提取0.5 h能使样品完全水解。最佳色谱条件:ODS C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.6%磷酸溶液(47∶53),柱温:35℃,检测波长:360 nm。槲皮素在4.766~95.52μg/m L、山柰素在5.052~101.0μg/m L、异鼠李素在2.027~48.66μg/m L的浓度范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.999 1、0.999 4、0.999 4);测定样品的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.57%;平均加标回收率分别为98.25%、99.81%和101.8%,回收率试验的RSD分别为3.82%、3.31%和4.86%;槲皮素、山柰素检出限为0.50μg,异鼠李素为0.80μg,总黄酮醇苷为4.52μg。同一份样品采用本方法测定的总黄酮醇苷含量低于采用《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003年版)中方法测定的总黄酮含量。结论本方法简便、结果稳定、重复性强,可应用于保健食品中总黄酮醇苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定刺五加中刺五加苷B和刺五加苷E的含量

[目的]建立刺五加中刺五加苷B和刺五加苷E含量的测定方法.[方法]采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定刺五加苷B和刺五加苷E的含量.[结果]在同一色谱条件下,刺五加苷B在2.76～43.92μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9998,回收率98.7%,RSD为1.8%;刺五加苷E在2.34～37.52μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9996,回收率为101.9%,RSD为2.0%.[结论]该分析方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于刺五加药材中刺五加苷B和刺五加苷E的含量测定.     

HPLC法测定双黄连合剂中黄芩苷含量

目的建立测定双黄连合剂中有效成分黄芩苷含量的有效方法。方法色谱柱为Waters C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶50∶1,v/v/v),流速1.00 ml/min,进样量10μl,检测波长274 nm,柱温30℃。结果黄芩苷在53.295~532.950μg/ml(r=0.999 0)考察的线性范围内,线性关系良好,黄芩苷成分平均回收率95.35%(RSD=1.0%),符合含量测定要求。结论采用高效液相色谱法测定双黄连合剂中的黄芩苷成分,结果准确,方法操作简便,可将此方法用于双黄连合剂质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定克感利咽口服液中栀子苷、黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定克感利咽口服液中栀子苷、黄芩苷的含量。方法菲罗门LunaC18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),菲罗门C18保护柱(4.0×3.0mm),流动相:(A)乙腈-(B)0.2%磷酸,洗脱梯度:0～40min,A为10%～60%,B为90%～40%,流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长238nm,柱温为室温。结果栀子苷在0.0996～1.3280?g范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97.25%,RSD为1.35%;黄芩苷在0.5364～7.1520μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.08%,RSD为1.11%。结论本法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可作为克感利咽口服液的质量控制标准。     

高效液相法测定八宝坤顺丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的:建立测定八宝坤顺丸中黄芩苷含量的高效液项色谱(HPLC)法.方法:采用Elite-ODS(5μm,4.6mm×250 mm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸(体积比47:53);流速:1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长290nm,柱温为25℃.结果:在上述条件下,黄芩苷在0.1394μg~1.2546μg范围内与色谱峰面积之间线性关系良好,加样平均回收率为98.86%.结论:本方法准快速、简便、准确,可用于八宝坤顺丸中黄芩苷的HPLC测定.     

RP-HPLC法快速测定番茄红素粉剂中的番茄红素

[目的]建立快速测定番茄红素含量的方法。[方法]采用Waters Nova-Pak C18(3.9mm×150mmid.4μm),以甲醇∶乙腈(80∶20)为流动相,470nm为检测波长。[结果]测定番茄红素软胶囊中番茄红素的平均含量1.26%,RSD为2.5%;平均加标回收率97.7%,RSD为2.3%。[结论]该法可快速测定番茄红素样品中番茄红素的含量。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋中PC和PE含量研究

[目的]建立高效液相色谱-紫外检测器测定蛋黄中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)含量的方法。[方法]采用Zorbax XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈∶甲醇∶异丙醇=10∶80∶10(v/v)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,柱温35℃,UV 208 nm的色谱系统。[结果]蛋黄中PC的平均回收率为86.4%;PE的平均回收率为88.0%,PC的RSD为3.4%(n=6);PE的RSD为2.8%(n=6),PC的线性范围0.050~0.40 mg/ml(r=0.9990);PE的线性范围0.050~0.40 mg/ml(r=0.9991)。[结论]建立的方法用于蛋黄中PC、PE含量的测定,操作简便、快速。     

高效液相色谱法测定石榴皮中熊果酸的含量

[目的]建立石榴皮中熊果酸高效液相色谱测定方法。[方法]采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),甲醇-0.1%乙酸水溶液(pH3.4)(94︰6)为流动相,流速为0.8ml·min-1,检测波长210nm,柱温为室温。[结果]熊果酸在10.4μg·ml-1～104μg·ml-1范围内线性良好,回归方程为Y=16315X+55.119,r=0.9998,平均回收率为99.2%。[结论]该方法简便、准确、重复性好,适用于石榴皮药材中熊果酸的含量测定。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.