盐酸戊乙奎醚对全麻老年患者潮气量和肺顺应性的影响

目的 研究盐酸戊乙奎醚对全麻下老年患者的潮气量(VT)和肺顺应性(CL)的影响.方法 40例ASAI或Ⅱ级拟行气管插管伞身麻醉的择期手术患者随机均分为老年组(65～85岁)和成年组(30～55岁),诱导用咪唑安定0.03 mg/kg、丙泊酚2 mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg静注;压力控制机械通气.维持PErCO2在正常范围;丙泊酚、维库溴铵持续输注维持麻醉.诱导后20 min,静脉给予盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02 mg/kg.记录给盐酸戊乙奎醚前后HR、MAP、SpO2、P盯CO2、VT、CL变化,并行血气分析.结果 两组HR、MAP差异无统计学意义.老年组VT、CL.在给盐酸戊乙奎醚前下降明显,且明显低于成年组(P<0.05).给药后有明显回升.结论 对于老年患者,盐酸戊乙奎醚可以明显扩张支气管,改善机械通气所致的VT和CL下降,且对血流动力学无明显影响.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对老年患者非心脏手术后早期认知功能的影响

目的 观察术前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02 mg/kg对老年患者全麻下非心脏手术后早期认知功能的影响.方法 选择全麻下行择期非心脏手术且年龄＞65岁的老年患者60例,随机分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组和对照组.盐酸戊乙奎醚组在麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg;对照组则给等容积生理盐水.麻醉诱导后持续微量泵注射丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼、间断注射阿曲库铵维持麻醉.分别在麻醉前和麻醉后3d采用简易智力量表进行神经心理学评估.结果 因各种原因,仅有41例患者完成全部测试,其中盐酸戊乙奎醚组20例,对照组21例.盐酸戊乙奎醚组术后认知功能障碍( POCD)发生率为35.0％,对照组为38.1％,两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 术前静脉注射0.02 mg/kg盐酸戊乙奎醚对老年患者非心脏手术POCD发生率无显著影响.     

不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的观察老年患者术前应用不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对术后认知功能的影响。方法择期全麻下行非心脏手术老年患者120例,年龄65～78岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,按照不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚均分为:低剂量组(A组)静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.005mg/kg、中剂量组(B组)静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg和高剂量组(C组)静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.015mg/kg。均采用全麻,麻醉诱导和维持用药相同。记录注药前、注药后10、20、30min的SBP、DBP、HR和SpO2,用VAS评分评定上述各时点患者口干程度,记录术中气道分泌物,术前及术后24、48、72h采用简易智力状态检查法(MMSE)评估患者认知功能。结果 C组术中气道分泌物明显少于A、B组(P<0.05);B、C组认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05)。与注药前比较,注药后20、30min三组患者口干评分明显升高(P<0.05);且C组明显高于A组(P<0.05)。术后24、48hB、C组MMSE评分明显低于术前和A组(P<0.05)。术后72h内POCD发生率A组(10%)明显低于B组(25%)和C组(30%)(P<0.05)。结论老年患者术前静注不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚明显抑制气道腺体分泌作用,且对心率无影响,但可导致剂量相关的POCD,采用低剂量相对安全。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对心肺转流后肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对心肺转流(CPB)后肺损伤的保护作用。方法 40例二尖瓣置换手术患者随机均分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和对照组(C组),两组麻醉方法相同。P组在麻醉诱导后和升主动脉开放前分别缓慢静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg;C组在同时点给予等容量的生理盐水。手术开始前(T1)和升主动脉开放后30min(鱼精蛋白中和后,T2)分别进行右肺中叶灌洗。测定肺灌洗液(BALF)中细胞因子白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度;行血气分析计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差(PA-aDO2)。结果 T2时C组BALF中IL-8、TNF-α和PA-aDO2明显高于T1时和P组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚通过抑制炎性细胞因子释放IL-8和TNF-α,减轻CPB后的肺损伤。     

不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚术前用药与老年患者术后谵妄发生率的关系

目的观察术前应用不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚与老年患者术后谵妄发生率的关系。方法随机选取289例行全身麻醉的老年手术患者,随机分为三组,P1组（n=98）：术前30min肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg;P2组（n=95）：术前30min肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg（最大量不超过1mg）;C组（n=96）：术前30min肌注阿托品0.01mg/kg（最大量不超过1mg）。依据CAM-CR评估各组老年患者术后24～72h内的谵妄程度。结果 P2组患者术后谵妄发生率明显高于P1和C组（P〈0.05）。结论术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg不增加老年患者术后谵妄的发生率,而肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg可增加老年患者术后谵妄的发生率。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚用于婴幼儿先天性心脏病手术麻醉前用药的临床研究

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚用于婴幼儿先天性心脏病手术麻醉前给药的效果.方法 心肺转流(CPB)下行先天性心脏病矫治手术的患儿120例,随机均分为四组,分别于麻醉前静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.03 mg/kg(A组)、0.04 mg/kg(B组)、0.05 mg/kg(C组)和阿托品0.02 mg/kg(D组),观察记录用药前、后不同时点的唾液分泌量、心率、血压及气道峰压等的变化.结果 用药后5、30 min及术毕时的唾液分泌量四组均较用药前5 min明显减少(P＜0.05);B、C、D组明显少于A组(P＜0.05);C组又明显少于B和D组(P＜0.05).D组诱导前、诱导后3 min心率明显增快,也明显快于同时点A、B、C组(P＜0.05).A、D组停机后气道峰压较CPB前明显上升(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).B、C组CPB前后气道峰压无变化.结论 0.04～0.05 mg/kg盐酸戊乙奎醚作为婴幼儿先天性心脏病手术麻醉前用药能有效地减少唾液分泌、降低气道阻力,而对血流动力学无明显影响.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚在无痛肠镜检查麻醉前的应用

目的 探讨在无痛肠镜检查麻醉前给予不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚(penehyclidinehydrochloride,PCHE)的临床效果.方法 无痛肠镜检查患者69例被随机分为二组,每组23例,分别于麻醉前给予10 μ[g/kg(A组)、15 [g/kg(B组)、20 [g/kg(C组)盐酸戊乙奎醚静注,观察三组患者的下镜顺利程度、检查心率(heart rate,HR)和平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)及术后不良反应情况.结果 三组患者总下镜顺利率比较未见明显差异.麻醉前5 min、麻醉成功后5 min及检查结束时的心率及平均动脉压A组较其他两组明显降低,血氧饱和度(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO2)三组相比未见明显差异.并发症发生率A组明显低于其他两组.结论 无痛肠镜检查麻醉前给予10 μg/kg剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚可明显提高检查效果,降低术后不良反应发生率.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚术前应用对患者呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚术前用药对全麻下患者呼吸功能的影响。方法气管内插管全麻患者80例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组,插管后10 min分别静脉推注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg（P组）或东莨菪碱0.006mg/kg（S组）。监测给药前、给药后5、10、20、30min呼吸力学参数变化和给药前、给药后30min的动脉血气分析结果。结果给药后10、20、30min P组胸肺顺应性（Comp）明显高于给药前（P<0.05）,且在给药后20、30min时明显高于S组（P<0.05）。两组给药前、给药后30min PaO₂和氧合指数（OI）差异无统计学意义。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚术前应用可明显降低全麻气管插管后气道阻力及气道压力,增加Comp,改善肺功能。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚用于新生儿肠梗阻急诊手术的临床观察

目的 观察盐酸戊乙奎醚在新生儿肠梗阻急诊手术中对误吸所致肺部症状的影响.方法 急诊肠梗阻手术新生儿40例,术前均因误吸导致肺部炎症,随机均分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组(A组)和阿托品组(B组).麻醉诱导前A组静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3 mg,B组静注阿托品0.1 mg.听诊患儿给药前及给药后10 min的呼吸音;记录给药前、给药后10、30 min鼓膜温度、HR,SpO;现察给药前、给药后30 min及术毕患儿面色和口腔分泌物情况;记录拔管时间及ICU停留时间结果给药后10 min,A组肺部干湿啰音消失或减轻,B组无明显改变.给药后10、30 min,A组HR慢于、鼓膜温度低于、SpO2高于B组(P<0.05),A组在ICU停留时间明显短于B组(P<0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚用于新生儿肠梗阻急诊手术可减轻患儿误吸所致的肺部症状,改善患儿末梢循环,缩短患儿在ICU停留时间.     

不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对老年病人术后认知功能的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚对老年病人术后认知功能的影响.方法 拟在全麻下行腹部手术的老年病人93例,年龄≥65岁,体重55～ 71 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,简易智力量表评分(MMSE评分)＞27分,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为3组(n=31)∶盐酸戊乙奎醚0.010 mg/kg组(A组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.015 mg/kg组(B组)和阿托品0.010 mg/kg组(C组).麻醉前30min,A组肌肉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.010 mg/kg,B组肌肉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.015 mg/kg,C组肌肉注射阿托品0.010 mg/kg.于术后72 h内行MMSE评分,≤27分为发生认知功能障碍(24～ 27分为轻度;19 ～ 23分为中度;0～18分为重度).记录术后72 h内术后认知功能障碍的发生情况和程度.结果 与A组比较,B组术后各时点认知功能降低,术后认知功能障碍发生率升高(P＜0.05),A组和C组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与B组比较,C组术后各时点认知功能增强,术后认知功能障碍发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可抑制老年病人术后认知功能,且与剂量有关.     

长托宁术前用药对心率及维库溴铵肌松作用的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on heart rate (HR) and veeuronium-induced relaxation.Methods Sixty female patients were randomly assigned to three groups (n=20):0.01 mg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride (group C),0.01 mg/kg atropine (group A) and 1ml normal saline (group N).These drugs were injected intramuscularly 20 minutes before anesthesia induction.Midazolam,fentanyl,propofol and vecuronium were given intravenously for induction.Muscle relaxation was monitored.Results HR increased in group A at 15 min and 20 min after injection(P＜0.05),and was faster than that in group C and group N at 10,15,20 min after injection,and 1 min after induction (P＜0.05).There were no differences in onset time,noresponse period,clinical relaxation duration and recovery time of vecuronium-induced relaxation among three groups.Conclusion 0.01 mg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride is able to stabilize heart rate,and does not affect vecuronium-induced relaxation.     

Prolonged injection time and light smoking decrease the incidence of fentanyl-induced cough

We designed this study to evaluate the effect of injection time and smoking on fentanyl-induced cough. Four-hundred-fifty ASA class I-II patients, aged 18-80 yr and weighing 40-90 kg, scheduled for elective surgery were included. All patients received fentanyl (100 microg for patients weighing 40-69 kg and 150 microg for patients weighing 70-90 kg for clinical convenience) via the proximal port of a peripheral IV line on the forearm. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 150 patients each. Patients in Group I received fentanyl injection over 2 s, whereas for patients in Groups II and III the fentanyl was injected at a constant rate over 15 s and 30 s, respectively. We recorded the number of coughs of each patient during and 30 s after fentanyl injection. The incidence of cough was 18% in group I, 8% in Group II, and 1.3% in Group III, significantly less (P < 0.05) with a longer injection time. Current smokers had a less frequent incidence of cough than nonsmokers; however, this effect was only significant in light smokers (<10 cigarettes per day or <10 smoking years or <10 pack-years). In conclusion, a longer injection time reduces the incidence of fentanyl-induced cough, and light smoking may be a protective factor against fentanyl-induced cough.     

麻醉诱导时芬太尼不同给药方法对其诱发患者咳嗽的影响

目的 评价麻醉诱导时芬太尼不同给药方法对其诱发患者咳嗽的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者420例,年龄18～60岁,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=105):常规组(Ⅰ组)、预注射组(Ⅱ组)、稀释组(Ⅲ组)和后注射组(Ⅳ组).麻醉诱导:Ⅰ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)2 μg/kg、异丙酚2 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1mg/kg;Ⅱ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)0.5 μg/kg、异丙酚2 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)1.5 μg/kg;Ⅲ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼(20 μg/ml)2μg/kg、异丙酚2mg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg;Ⅳ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、异丙酚2 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)2 μg/kg.注药完毕后2 min行气管插管.气管插管前观察咳嗽、异丙酚注射痛的发 生情况,于麻醉诱导前、诱导后、咳嗽时、气管插管时记录HR和有创动脉压.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,其余组患者咳嗽发生率和咳嗽程度降低(P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组患者咳嗽发生率和咳嗽程度降低(P＜0.05).四组其余指标组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 麻醉诱导时芬太尼稀释给药、给予预注剂量或后注射均可明显降低其诱发咳嗽的发生,其中后注射效果最佳.     

Pre-medication with intravenous clonidine suppresses fentanyl-induced cough

BACKGROUND: A reflex cough is often observed after an intravenous bolus of fentanyl. This study was conducted to determine whether pre-treatment with intravenous clonidine could effectively attenuate fentanyl-induced cough. METHODS: Three hundred ASA I-II patients, aged between 18 and 80 years, undergoing various elective surgeries, were enrolled in this study. All patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups treated with intravenous clonidine 2 microg/kg (clonidine group) or the same volume of normal saline (control group). Intravenous fentanyl (2 microg/kg in 2 s) was injected 2 min after the clonidine or normal saline injection. Changes in the hemodynamics, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) rating scale were recorded before and 2 min after the clonidine or normal saline injection and 1 min after the fentanyl injection. The number of coughs 1 min after the fentanyl injection was also recorded. RESULTS: Patients in the clonidine group showed a significantly lower incidence of cough than those in the control group (17.3% vs. 38.7%, respectively; P < 0.01). The blood pressure was lower in the clonidine group than in the control group. There were no significant differences in AEP or OAA/S rating scale. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with intravenous clonidine (2 microg/kg) suppressed the reflex cough induced by fentanyl, with mild hemodynamic changes. Therefore, intravenous clonidine may be a clinically useful method of suppressing fentanyl-induced cough.     

Fentanyl-induced cough does not depend on injection speed: a randomized study

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the incidence of cough after intravenous fentanyl depends on the speed of injection.
Methods: With ethics committee approval, 476 ASA class I–III nonsmoking patients free of bronchial hyperreactivity and respiratory tract infection undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgery were randomized to either 1.5 μg/kg fentanyl injected over 2, 5 or 10 s or placebo (saline) via a periphereal intravenous cannula. The primary endpoint was the incidence of cough within 5 min after completion of injection.
Results: The study was terminated for futility after enrollment of 476 patients because an interim analysis yielded an incidence of cough of 3%, 3% and 6% in the three fentanyl groups, respectively, and of 2% in the placebo group, with no difference between groups ( P =0.374, χ² test for cough between fentanyl and placebo groups).
Conclusions: Under the conditions of our study, the incidence of cough after 1.5 μg/kg fentanyl injected intravenously over 2, 5 or 10 s was between 3% and 6%, unrelated to the speed of injection and not different from placebo.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁对体外循环心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁对体外循环(CPB)心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤的影响.方法 择期行CPB心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例,年龄33～64岁,体重47～81 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,心功能分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为4组(n=15):对照组(C组)、乌司他丁组(U组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁组(PU组).CPB结束后30 min时,C组将PEEP增至8 cm H2O;U组、P组和PU组分别静脉注射乌司他丁2万U/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg、盐酸戊乙奎醚0.05 mg/kg和乌司他丁2万U/kg,然后将PEEP增至8 cm H2O.于CPB结束后30 min、3、6 h、术后12和24 h时,测定PaO2,计算氧合指数;于上述时点记录气道峰压和气道平台压,计算肺顺应性;于上述各时点采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-αIL-6、IL-8及IL-10的浓度;于CPB结束后6 h和术后12、24 h时行肺损伤评分.结果 与C组比较,U组、P组和PU组氧合指数和肺顺应性升高,肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与U组和P组比较,PU组氧合指数和顺应性升高,肺损伤评分降低(P＜0.05).与C组比较,U组、P组和PU组血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05或0.01);与U组和P组比较,PU组血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05).U组和P组间上述标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚复合乌司他丁可减轻CPB心脏瓣膜置换术患者肺损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎性反应有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品用于婴幼儿支气管肺泡灌洗术的比较

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品在婴幼儿支气管肺泡灌洗术术前用药的有效性及安全性。方法 80例接受支气管肺泡灌洗术患儿随机均分为P组与A组,分别静注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg或阿托品0.01 mg/kg。记录给药前(T1)、给药后10 min(T2)、手术开始时(T3)、手术30min(T4)、手术结束(T5)与术后4 h(T6)时的HR、MAP、SpO2及唾液分泌量。结果 T2时唾液分泌量两组均明显低于T1时(P<0.05);T3后开始增加,P组增加缓慢,T6时恢复正常;而A组增加较快,至T6时明显多于T1时(P<0.05);A组唾液分泌总量明显多于P组(P<0.05)。血流动力学T2时P组HR减慢、MAP下降(P<0.05),T3后增快或升高;T2后A组HR即明显增快、MAP升高(P<0.05),T6时两组均恢复正常。A组HR明显快于、MAP明显高于P组(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿支气管肺泡灌洗术前用盐酸戊乙奎醚临床效果优于阿托品。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环大鼠血脑屏障的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环大鼠血脑屏障的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠60只,月龄4～6月,体重320～370 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=12):假手术组(S组)仅进行动、静脉置管;体外循环组(CPB组)、低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(LP组、MP组、HP组)建立体外循环,LP组、MP组和HP组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.2、0.6、2.0 mg/ks.CPB组加入等容量生理盐水.体外循环时间60 min.停机1 h时股静脉注射伊文思蓝(EB),1 h后每组随机选取6只大鼠处死取海马,测定EB含量,余大鼠处死取海马,透射电镜下观察血脑屏障超微结构,测定海马含水量.结果 与S组比较,其余各组海马EB含量和含水量升高(P＜0.05);与CPB组和LP组比较,MP组和HP组海马EB含量和含水量降低(P＜0.05);与MP组比较,HP组海马EB含量降低(P＜0.05).HP组和MP组海马区血脑屏障超微结构的损伤程度较CPB组和LP组减轻.结论 预充液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环大鼠血脑屏障有保护作用,其效应与剂量有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on blood-brain barrier in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) . Methods Sixty adult male SD rats, aged 4-6 months, weighing 320- 370 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) : sham operation group (group S), CPB group, and low-, median- and high-dose penehyclidine hydrochloride groups (groups LP, MP and HP). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. The femoral and jugular arteries and jugular vein were cannulated. CPB was performed for 60 min. Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2, 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg were added to the priming solution in groups LP, MP and HP respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was added in group CPB. Evans blue was injected via femoral vein at 1 h before the animals were sacrificed. Six rats in each group were sacrificed, their brains immediately removed and the hippocampi isolated for determination of Evans blue content. The other rats were sacrificed and the hippocampi isolated to determine the water content and observe the ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier. Results Compared with group S, the Evans blue content and water content were significantly increased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with groups CPB and LP, the Evans blue content and water content were significantly decreased in groups MP and HP ( P ＜ 0.05) . The Evans blue content was significantly lower in group HP than in group MP ( P ＜ 0.05). The CPB-induced changes were significantly attenuated in groups MP and HP compared with groups CPB and LP. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can protect blood-brain barrier against the CPB-induced injury and the effect is related to the dose.     

静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚对开胸术患者肺功能的影响

目的 探讨静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚对开胸术患者肺功能的影响.方法 择期全麻下拟行左侧开胸食管癌根治术的患者60例,年龄30～64岁,体重50～90 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为2组(n=30),盐酸戊乙奎醚组:于开胸后20 min静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg(用生理盐水稀释至2 m1),对照组:静脉注射等容量生理盐水.麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼2μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4.0 μg/ml.麻醉诱导下气管插管行机械通气,持续监测肺动态顺应性,以压力-容积环(P-V环)反映肺动态顺应性,P-V环的斜率越大,肺动态顺应性越高.麻醉维持:静脉注射瑞芬太尼0.1 μg·kg-1·min-1靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度为2.0～2.5 μg/ml,并间断静脉注射罗库溴铵.术毕前5 min停用瑞芬太尼及异丙酚.分别于盐酸戊乙奎醚给药前即刻(T0)、给药后3 rain(T1)、5 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、30 min(T4)、1 h(T5)及2 h(T6)时记录肺动态顺应性及气道峰压.结果 对照组术后不同时点肺动态顺应性及气道蜂压差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T0时比较,盐酸戊乙奎醚组T1-6时肺动态顺应性升高,气道峰压降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,盐酸戊乙奎醚组T1-6时肺动态顺应性升高,气道峰压降低(P<0.05).结论 静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚可改善开胸术患者术中的呼吸动力学,有利于通气.