增龄及去睾丸大鼠的骨形态计量学研究

目的探讨4月龄雄性大鼠增龄及去睾丸后不同部位骨量的变化,了解两者对成熟期大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法30只4月龄SD雄性大鼠,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照组和去睾丸组,同等条件下饲养90d。90d后取胫骨上段、腰椎和胫骨中段行不脱钙制片进行骨形态计量学观察。结果年龄对照组(7月龄)与基础对照组(4月龄)比较,胫骨上段骨形成和骨吸收都下降(骨小梁面积百分率减少28.6%);腰椎骨形成和骨吸收有下降趋势。去睾丸组与年龄对照组比较,胫骨上段骨量进一步丢失(骨小梁面积百分率减少57.1%);腰椎骨量也下降,表现为骨形成下降,骨吸收增加;胫骨中段皮质骨外膜的骨形成动态参数如矿化沉积率、骨形成率下降(P﹤0.05),内膜骨形成和吸收均有增加趋势。结论4月龄大鼠增龄及去睾丸90d均能引起大鼠骨量丢失。胫骨上段出现较早和更严重,腰椎和胫骨中段皮质骨丢失表现滞后。去睾丸后的大鼠主要表现为松质骨的骨量在增龄基础上进一步丢失。     

生长激素对卵巢摘除后大鼠胫骨上段力学性能的保护作用

本实验采用胫骨垂直压缩试验，观察不同剂量重组人生长激素对卵巢摘除后3个月已出现显著骨丢失大鼠（OVX大鼠）胫骨上段力学性能的影响，并和传统的雌激素治疗做对比。结果显示：1．卵巢摘除组大鼠胫骨上段力学性能显著低于假手术对照组。2．中剂量和高剂量生长激素治疗可以显著提高OVX大鼠胫骨的力学性能。3．雌激素和低剂量生长激素治疗对OVX大鼠胫骨上段的力学性能无明显保护作用。生长激素对大鼠胫骨力学性能的保护作用可能和胫骨上段松质骨和皮质骨骨量增加有关。     

复方丹参对高脂大鼠模型骨形态计量学参数的影响

背景：复方丹参对抗泼尼松性大鼠的骨丢失具有抑制骨吸收作用,但对高脂血症所致的骨质疏松症效果如何未见报道。 目的：通过骨形态计量学观察复方丹参对大鼠胫骨和腰椎骨丢失的防治作用。 方法：用脂肪乳剂建立高脂血症骨丢失大鼠模型,30只SD大鼠随机数字表法分为3组,正常对照组、高脂乳剂组、复方丹参组,分别给予生理盐水、高脂乳剂、高脂乳剂和复方丹参,连续16周。 结果与结论：与高脂乳剂组相比,复方丹参可使高脂大鼠胆固醇明显降低和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显升高,可以有效改善高脂乳剂导致的脂质代谢紊乱。复方丹参组的骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁数量、成骨细胞贴壁长度百分率均增加(P < 0.05),而骨小梁分离度、每毫米破骨细胞数、破骨细胞贴壁长度百分率均减少(P < 0.01),反映骨形成及骨矿化的指标变化不明显;胫骨中段的皮质骨面积百分数增加(P < 0.01),骨髓腔面积百分数减少(P < 0.01),骨内外膜的形成和矿化均无明显变化;腰椎松质骨的骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁数量、骨小梁宽度增加(P < 0.05)、而骨小梁分离度减少(P < 0.01)。提示长期高脂乳剂灌胃会导致大鼠骨量丢失,复方丹参能有效对抗高脂大鼠胫骨上段、中段骨、第5腰椎的骨丢失。     

低钙饮食对雄性大鼠松质骨和密质骨影响的比较

目的　比较低钙饮食对大鼠胫骨上段松质骨和胫骨中段密质骨的影响。方法　实验用 3月龄SD雄性大鼠 2 0只 ,随机分为正常年龄对照组 (control)、极低钙组 (VLCD)、低钙组 (LDC)。Control组饲养正常饲料 ,VLCD组饲养 0 0 1%含钙饲料 ,LCD组饲养 0 3%含钙饲料。 3个月后取各组大鼠左侧胫骨近心端和中段 ,行不脱钙骨制片 ,进行骨组织形态计量学测量。结果　松质骨 :与对照组相比 ,VLCD组和LCD组的大鼠骨量减少 ,骨小粱面积百分率 (%Tb .Ar)分别减少 5 7% (P <0 0 1)和4 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,骨结构参数变差 ,代表骨形成指标荧光周长百分数 (L .Pm % )、矿化沉积率 (MAR)、骨形成率 (BFR/BV)有增加的趋势。VLCD组骨吸收参数骨小粱周长破骨细胞数量 (N .OC/Tb .Pm)有显著增加 ,呈现骨高转化的改变。密质骨 :与对照组相比 ,VLCD组和LCD组的骨量有减少的趋势 ,骨外膜面代表骨形成的参数增加 ,骨内膜代表骨形成的参数变化不大 ,骨内膜骨吸收增加。结论　低钙饮食使骨量减少 ,但不同的部位有不同的骨丢失速度     

氟化钠对去势大鼠骨转换和骨丢失的影响

目的　探讨氟化钠对切除卵巢 (去势 )大鼠椎骨和胫骨干骺端松质骨的作用。方法　用不脱钙骨切片的形态计量方法和血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶和骨钙指标 ,检测去势大鼠给氟化钠 (1.0mg kg体重 )后骨吸收、骨形成、骨转换率和骨量的变化。结果　施加氟化钠后对骨吸收无明显抑制作用 ,骨形成明显活跃 ,骨转换率未降低。腰椎椎体松质骨体积百分比为 (18.73%± 3.0 4% )虽高于去势对照组大鼠 (15 .0 7%± 2 .45 % ) ,P <0 .0 5 ,也低于假去势对照组大鼠 (2 2 .44 %± 1.82 % ) ,P <0 .0 5 ;胫骨松质骨体积 (14.30 %± 5 .87% )亦如此 ,虽高于去势对照组大鼠 (8.81%± 2 .6 0 % ) ,P <0 .0 5 ,也低于假去势对照组大鼠 (2 4.87%± 4.0 2 % ) ,P <0 .0 1。结论　氟化钠对去势大鼠的松质骨骨转换率无影响 ,但在一定程度上可减少骨丢失。     

血管内皮生长因子对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响

目的探究血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)对废用性骨丢失的影响。方法建立尾吊大鼠的动物模型,并随机平均分为尾吊盐水组、尾吊VEGF组、对照盐水组、对照VEGF组。实验过程中,每周两次对大鼠右腓肠肌注射VEGF或者等量的生理盐水,4周后通过micro-CT对大鼠胫骨近端进行扫描,以松质骨和皮质骨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)和结构模型指数(SMI)等松质骨微结构参数以及皮质骨厚度作为评价指标,探讨VEGF对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响。结果与对照组大鼠相比,尾吊组大鼠松质骨表观BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N以及皮质骨厚度均显著降低,Tb.Sp与SMI显著升高,尾吊会造成大鼠的骨丢失,而注射VEGF能够缓解尾吊大鼠松质骨的骨丢失。结论血供的改变可能与骨重建之间存在着一定的联系,改善血供有助于对抗废用性的骨丢失。     

血管内皮生长因子对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响

目的 探究血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）对废用性骨丢失的影响。方法 建立尾吊大鼠的动物模型,并随机平均分为尾吊盐水组、尾吊VEGF组、对照盐水组、对照VEGF组。实验过程中,每周两次对大鼠右腓肠肌注射VEGF或者等量的生理盐水,4周后通过micro-CT对大鼠胫骨近端进行扫描,以松质骨和皮质骨骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)和结构模型指数(SMI)等松质骨微结构参数以及皮质骨厚度作为评价指标,探讨VEGF对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响。结果 与对照组大鼠相比,尾吊组大鼠松质骨表观BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N以及皮质骨厚度均显著降低,Tb.Sp与SMI显著升高,尾吊会造成大鼠的骨丢失,而注射VEGF能够缓解尾吊大鼠松质骨的骨丢失。结论 血供的改变可能与骨重建之间存在着一定的联系,改善血供有助于对抗废用性的骨丢失。     

血管内皮生长因子对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响

目的 探究血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）对废用性骨丢失的影响。方法 建立尾吊大鼠的动物模型,并随机平均分为尾吊盐水组、尾吊VEGF组、对照盐水组、对照VEGF组。实验过程中,每周两次对大鼠右腓肠肌注射VEGF或者等量的生理盐水,4周后通过micro-CT对大鼠胫骨近端进行扫描,以松质骨和皮质骨骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)和结构模型指数(SMI)等松质骨微结构参数以及皮质骨厚度作为评价指标,探讨VEGF对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响。结果 与对照组大鼠相比,尾吊组大鼠松质骨表观BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N以及皮质骨厚度均显著降低,Tb.Sp与SMI显著升高,尾吊会造成大鼠的骨丢失,而注射VEGF能够缓解尾吊大鼠松质骨的骨丢失。结论 血供的改变可能与骨重建之间存在着一定的联系,改善血供有助于对抗废用性的骨丢失。     

类固醇激素对大鼠股骨及腰椎的骨密度影响

目的：探讨类固醇激素对大鼠股骨和腰椎的骨密度影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠分为基础对照组、实验对照组和激素模型组；用DEXA对各组的离体双侧股骨和第5腰椎进行骨密度测定。结果：与实验对照组比较，激素模型组股骨和第5腰椎的总骨密度减少了14．77％；腰椎的骨密度减少了23．00％；左、右股骨远段的骨密度分别减少了19．83％、21．37％，具显著或非常显著差异。结论：长期使用类固醇激素，会使大鼠的骨量丢失，尤以松质骨的丢失比密质骨更为明显。故出现骨质疏松时，松质骨更容易出现骨折。     

睾丸酮对雄性大鼠类固醇性骨质疏松的影响

目的探讨睾丸酮对雄性大鼠类固醇性骨质疏松的影响。方法30只3月龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分成对照组(A组)、泼尼松组(B组)、睾丸酮(C组)。A组灌生理盐水(4mL·kg-1·d-1),B组予醋酸泼尼松灌胃(4mg·kg-1·d-1),C组灌胃给予甲睾酮(0.2mg·kg-1·d-1)+醋酸泼尼松(4mg·kg-1·d-1),共90d。实验结束后,处死全部大鼠取腰椎和胫骨上段进行不脱钙骨包埋切片,应用计算机自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果与泼尼松组比较,胫骨上端松质骨的%Tb.Ar增加了108%(P<0.01),Tb.N增加了96%(P<0.05),Tb.Sp减少60%;BFR/TV增加了172%(P<0.05),Oc.N减少40.7%(P<0.05);腰椎松质骨的%Tb.Ar增加了52.4%(P<0.05),Tb.Th增加了42%(P<0.05),Tb.Sp减少20%(P<0.05),MAR增加26%(P<0.05)。结论睾丸酮可以有效阻止泼尼松所引起的骨骨质丢失,维持正常的骨质结构。     

Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction During Pregnancy and Lactation on the Number of Cardiomyocytes in the Postproliferative Weanling Rat Heart

Maternal protein restriction leads to a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes in the rat heart at birth. However, in rats, cardiomyocytes continue to proliferate until about 2 weeks after birth. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction, on the number of cardiomyocytes in the young rat heart at a time point when the cardiomyocytes have ceased proliferating and are terminally differentiated. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either a normal protein diet (NPD; 20% casein) or a low protein diet (LPD; 8.7% casein) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (seven males and seven females per group) were perfusion fixed at 4 weeks of age. Heart volume and total cardiomyocyte number were determined using stereological techniques. At 4 weeks of age, body weights in both male and female LPD offspring were significantly reduced compared with NPD controls whereas relative heart volumes were significantly increased in LPD offspring. Total number of cardiomyocytes was not significantly different between groups. In both groups, there was a significant linear correlation between cardiomyocyte number and heart volume. In conclusion, total cardiomyocyte number in the postproliferative rat heart does not appear to be affected by maternal protein restriction per se but is directly related to heart size. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

低钙饮食对雌雄大鼠股骨生物力学特性的影响

目的 评价低钙饮食对雌雄大鼠股骨生物力学性能的影响,并比较雌雄大鼠间的差异。方法 3月龄SD雌雄大鼠各30只,按性别随机分成对照组(Ca1.0％)、极低钙组(VLCD)(Ca 0.1％)、低钙组(LCD)(Ca 0.3％)。三月后处死大鼠,取左侧股骨,行股骨三点弯曲实验。结果 VLCD和LCD组雌性大鼠各生物力学指标与对照组相比无显著性差异。雄性大鼠LCD组与对照组差异无显著性,而VLCD组生物力学指标如极限载荷、极限强度、破坏时能量吸收以及刚度系数均较对照组显著降低。结论 低钙饮食对雄性大鼠骨生物力学的     

短程与长程去卵巢大鼠骨计量学的实验研究

目的:探讨3月龄SD大鼠去卵巢短程和长程骨量的变化,以指导临床用药。方法:30只3月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照(30天和90天)组、去卵巢(30天和90天)组,切除双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松症模型,实验结束,取胫骨近端行不脱钙骨制片进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果:实验30天去卵巢大鼠与年龄对照,骨形成的参数值(荧光标记周长百分率、骨矿化沉积率、骨形成率)和骨吸收的参数值(破骨细胞数目)都明显增加。但骨吸收大于骨形成,造成骨量丢失(骨小梁面积百分率明显减少),骨结构变差(骨小梁数目减少,分离度增加),90天去卵巢大鼠组与对照组比较,荧光标记周长百分率减少,骨矿化沉积率增加,破骨细胞数目显著增加,骨吸收增强,骨质丢失,出现骨质疏松。结论:30天去卵巢大鼠呈骨高转化,但90天去卵巢大鼠表现为骨形成参数有下降趋势,同时骨吸收增加,骨量丢失,造成骨质疏松。     

Differential effect of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass in young rats fed normal or low calcium diet

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differential effect of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass in young rats fed a normal or low calcium diet. Ninety female Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomized by stratified weight method into nine groups with 10 rats in each group: baseline control, and 0.5% (normal) or 0.1% (low) calcium diet, either alone, or with vitamin K (30 mg/100g, food intake), vitamin D (25 micro g/100 g, food intake), or vitamin K + vitamin D. After 10 weeks of feeding, bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on cortical bone of the tibial shaft and cancellous bone of the proximal tibia. Vitamin K supplementation increased the maturation-related cancellous bone gain and retarded the reduction in the maturation-related cortical bone gain in rats fed a low calcium diet, and increased the maturation-related cortical bone gain in rats fed a normal calcium diet. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the maturation-related cancellous bone gain, prevented the reduction in periosteal bone gain, and enhanced the enlargement of the marrow cavity, with no significant effect on the reduction in the maturation-related cortical bone gain in rats fed a low calcium diet, and increased the maturation- related cancellous and cortical bone gains with increased periosteal bone gain in rats fed a normal calcium diet. An additive effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on the maturation- related cortical bone gain was found in rats fed a normal calcium diet. This study shows the differential effects of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on cancellous and cortical bone mass in young rats fed a normal or low calcium diet, as well as the additive effect on cortical bone under calcium sufficient condition.     

新合成化合物哌嗪雌酚酮对老年大鼠骨代谢的作用

研究新合成化合物哌嗪雌酚酮对老年雌性大鼠骨代谢及子宫的影响。 32只 2 2月龄 SD大鼠 ,随机分为4组 :对照组 (生理盐水 0 .1m l/ kg/ d) ,哌嗪雌酚酮高、中、低剂量组 (2、1和 0 .5 mg/ kg/ d) ,皮下注射 30 d。取胫骨上段制成不脱钙骨制片作骨形态计量学测量分析 ,同时取子宫称重。结果表明 ,与对照组比较 ,哌嗪雌酚酮组骨量增加 ,其中中剂量组骨形成呈增加趋势 ,骨吸收显著降低 ,骨量增加最明显 ;子宫重量无明显变化。我们的结果提示 :哌嗪雌酚酮可预防老年大鼠骨质减少 ,中剂量组效果最明显。且未见明显刺激子宫的副作用。     

Growth patterns and hormonal profile of male rats with protein-calorie malnutrition

A condition of protein-calorie malnutrition was precipitated in young Sprague-Dawley male rats at 20 days of age using an 8% low protein diet (LPD). At five-day intervals for up to 50 days of age, the rats were studied to determine the effect of an LPD on the reproductive axis of the endocrine system. Daily monitoring of the body weight, as well as the consumption of food, kilocalories, and protein was conducted. The same parameters were followed over the identical time period in a group of animals desigated as controls which were fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) containing 27% protein. The controls showed a linear growth rate over the 30-day experimental period. In comparison, the malnourished rats grew more slowly so that by 50 days of age, their mean body weight was 68.9 +/- 3.1 g as compared to 248.1 +/- 6.1 g for the controls. The daily food, kilocalorie, and protein intake by the experimental animals were also appreciably less. The pituitary gland, ventral prostate gland, testes and liver were smaller in the animals fed the LPD. This was observed as early as five days after initiating the dietary regimes and remained a consistent observation until the end of the experiment. In general, the absolute weights of these organs in the 50 day-old malnourished rats were similar to those found in 25 to 26-day-old animals fed the SLD. The relative weights of the pituitary gland and liver remained similar between the two animal groups. The testes and ventral prostate gland, however, were relatively smaller in the malnourished animals at nearly every time interval studied. On light microscopic examination of the testes, it was found that normal maturation of the germ cells failed to occur in all but one of the experimental animals, whereas maturation proceeded normally in the rats fed the SLD. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone were lower in the malnourished animals at all ages studied. These hormones not exhibit the fluctuations that were seen in the controls and are typical in rats that are becoming sexually mature. The effect of protein deficiency on the concentration of the pituitary gonadotrophins was more varied. FSH concentrations were consistently lower, PRL was moderately affected, and LH remained essentially unchanged. Hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone was measured and found to be significantly less in the rats fed the LPD at most of the time intervals examined. These results indicate that the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis is impaired when the consumption of proteins and calorie is decreased. The possible involvement of extrahypothlamic centers in the control of hormone secretion in the protein-deficient rat is discussed.     

Dietary soy protein and isoflavones have no significant effect on bone and a potentially negative effect on the uterus of sexually mature intact Sprague-Dawley female rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dietary soy protein and isoflavones on bone and the reproductive tract in premenopausal rats. DESIGN: Three-month-old intact Sprague-Dawley female rats (N = 50) were fed diets containing casein, soy protein, or casein with isoflavone extract for 12 weeks. The amount of casein, soy protein, and extract (per kilogram diet) in each group was: (1) 200 g casein (control); (2) 100 g casein plus 100 g soy protein (low soy); (3) 200 g soy protein (high soy); 4) 200 g casein plus 17.2g extract (low extract); and (5) 200 g casein plus 34.4 g extract (high extract). Diet consumption, body weight, uterine wet weight, urinary deoxypyridinoline concentration, and bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae were measured. Femur rigidity was evaluated by histomorphometry. The uterus and vagina were studied histologically. RESULTS: Rats in all treatment groups had lower body weights and lower deoxypyridinoline concentrations compared with controls, but none of the differences was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in femur and lumbar bone mineral density, uterine wet weights, or histomorphometry between the control and treatment groups. Histologically, uteri and vaginae were normal in all groups except that 1 of 10 rats in the high-soy group and 2 of 10 rats in the high-extract group showed extensive squamous metaplasia in the uterine gland. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that dietary isolated soy protein and isoflavones have no effect on bone and the vagina during premenopausal period, but may have an adverse effect on the uterus.     

短期中等强度跑台运动对雄性高脂血症大鼠骨密度的影响

背景：高脂血症可导致大鼠骨质疏松,适量运动可增加骨密度,但短期运动对高脂血症导致骨质疏松的雄性动物骨密度的影响尚不清楚。 目的：探讨短期中等强度跑台运动对雄性高脂血症大鼠骨密度的影响。 方法：将26只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=8)、高脂血症组(n=9)、运动干预组(n=9)。正常对照组喂饲普通饲料;其他两组喂饲高脂饲料建立大鼠高脂血症模型,持续4周。运动干预组大鼠进行跑台训练,每周训练5 d,共4周,每天强度为：第1周15 min,速度15 m/min;第2周20 min,速度15 m/min;后2周20 min,速度20 m/min,跑台坡度均为0°。实验结束后处死大鼠,取其右侧股骨检测骨密度、胫骨观察骨形态变化,测定血浆碱性磷酸酶活性和钙磷含量。 结果与结论：与正常对照组比较,高脂血症组股骨远端骨密度显著降低(P < 0.05),胫骨近端骨小梁排列稀疏变薄,间隙增宽,髓腔内有大量脂肪细胞浸润或融合成空泡,血浆碱性磷酸酶明显增加(P < 0.01)。与高脂血症组比较,运动干预组股骨远端骨密度显著增加(P < 0.05),经体质量校正后股骨全骨密度增加(P < 0.05),胫骨近端骨小梁排列致密整齐,小梁间距小,血浆碱性磷酸酶增加(P < 0.01)。血浆钙磷含量各组间差异无显著性意义。实验结果说明短期中等强度跑台运动增加高脂血症雄性大鼠骨密度。