普罗布考治疗对缺血性脑卒中患者血脂及hs-CRP的影响

目的 探讨普罗布考治疗对缺血性脑卒中患者血脂及超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hsCRP)的影响。方法 选取2012年1月—2014年1月治疗的缺血性脑卒中患者100例,随机分为对照组与观察组各50例。两组均给予控常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加入普罗布考0.25 g,2次/d,治疗8周。比较两组治疗前后血脂指标及hs-CRP水平。计量资料比较采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 治疗后观察组TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平[(4.38±0.49)、(1.32±0.38)、(0.77±0.20)、(2.22±0.28)mmol/L]均低于对照组[(4.79±0.88)、(1.67±0.49)、(0.98±0.23)、(2.87±0.46)mmol/L](均P0.05);治疗治疗4、8周观察组血清hs-CRP水平[(5.23±1.06)、(3.88±1.20)mg/L]低于对照组[(5.9 7±1.12)、(4.95±3.06)mg/L](均P0.05)。结论 普罗布考能够降低缺血性脑卒中患者血脂及hs-CRP的水平,从而缓解症状。     

糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白和血脂与颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系

目的 探讨糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)及血脂水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系.方法 选择糖尿病合并脑梗死患者168例作为观察组,健康体检者150例作为对照组.分别对观察组和对照组进行颈动脉超声检测,同时检测两组患者的血清CRP和血脂水平.结果 观察组患者血清CRP、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均显著高于对照组[(4.17±1.84)mg/L比(0.82±0.26) mg/L,(5.83±0.67) mmol/L比(4.12±0.27) mmol/L,(1.86±0.58) mmol/L比(1.34±0.37)mmol/L和(4.86±0.62) mmol/L比(2.95±0.58) mmol/L,P＜0.05]；而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于对照组[(1.19±0.32) mmol/L比(1.53±0.23)mmol/L,P＜ 0.05].观察组患者中,中间型斑块组与不稳定斑块组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、CRP水平分别为(5.72±0.59)、(1.85±0.47)、(4.27±0.53) mmol/L、(3.28±1.27) mg/L和(6.59±0.78)、(2.29±0.62)、(4.97±0.75) mmol/L、(6.35±2.18) mg/L,显著高于稳定斑块组[(4.95±0.41)、(1.63±0.38)、(3.86±0.46) mmol/L、(1.95±0.58) mg/L](P＜ 0.05),不稳定斑块组TC、TG、LDL-C、CRP水平显著高于中间型斑块组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Spearman等级相关分析显示血清TC、TG、LDL-C、CRP水平与颈动脉斑块稳定程度呈正相关(r=0.62、0.56、0.68、0.65,P＜0.05),而HDL-C水平与颈动脉斑块稳定程度呈负相关(r=-0.64,P＜ 0.05).对血脂和血清CRP水平进行线性相关分析,发现CRP水平与TC、TG、LDL-C水平呈正相关(r=0.67、0.52、0.62,P＜ 0.05),而与HDL-C水平呈负相关(r=-0.57,P＜ 0.05).结论 血脂和血清CRP表达水平可能在颈动脉斑块从稳定斑块向不稳定斑块转化过程中起着重要的作用.     

缺血性脑卒中患者幽门螺杆菌感染与同型半胱氨酸关系探讨

目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与血脂、血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平变化的相关性.方法 选择2011年1-6月医院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者48例为研究对象,另选择40例健康体检者为对照组;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和循环酶法检测HpIgG及Hcy表达水平,并检测血脂,分析Hp感染与血脂、血清Hcy表达之间的关系.结果 缺血性脑卒中组患者HpIgG阳性率为77.08％、血清总胆固醇(TC)为(5.36±0.68)mmol/L、甘油三酯(TG)为(1.95±0.49)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)为(3.16±0.68)及Hcy(20.84±6.73)μmol/L的表达水平均明显高于对照组的HpIgG阳性率32.50％、TC为(4.12±0.45)mmol/L、TG为(1.15±0.39)mmol/L、LDL-C为(2.21±0.64)mmol/L、Hcy为(11.65±5.96) μmol/L;而缺血性脑卒中患者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)为(1.02±0.29)mmol/L表达水平明显低于对照组的(1.28±0.26) mmol/L;Hp感染阳性缺血性脑卒中患者的血清TC(5.79±0.94) mmol/L、TG(2.09±0.62) mmol/L、LDL-C( 3.46±0.72)mmol/L及Hcy(24.65±6.48)μmol/L表达水平均明显高于Hp感染阴性患者的(4.85±0.69)mmol/L、(1.53±0.34)mmol/L、(2.84±0.81 )mmol/L、(15.49±5.63) μmol/L;而HDL-C(0.88±0.19)mmol/L表达水平显著低于Hp感染阴性患者的(1.12±0.28)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 Hp感染与缺血性脑卒中发生有相关性,可能通过对血脂代谢及血清Hcy表达水平的影响,而促进缺血性脑卒中的发生发展.     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白A V与脂联素关系研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白(Apo)AV与脂联素之间的关系.方法 检测59例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和40例对照者(对照组)的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、ApoA I、ApoB,同时采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ApoAV和脂联素水平.结果 冠心病组血清TG显著高于对照组[(1.79±1.28)mmol/L比(1.27±0.79)mmol/L],HDL-C显著低于对照组[(1.17±0.25)mmol/L比(1.29±0.26)mmol/L],ApoAV显著低于对照组[(186.71±78.20)μg/L比(250.29±110.38)μg/L],脂联素亦显著低于对照组[(3.81±0.15)mg,L比(5.33±0.37)mg/L],P<0.05或<0.01.ApoAV与TG呈负相关 r=-0.208,P=0.040),与HDL-C(r=0.241,P=0.016)、脂联素(r=0.238,P=0.018)呈正相关.结论 冠心病患者血清ApoAV和脂联素水平降低,TG水平增高.ApoAV与脂联素共同影响动脉粥样硬化的发展.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血清尿酸与血脂的研究

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血清尿酸与血脂的变化.方法 选择超重的OSAS患者(OSAS组)36例及单纯超重者32例(对照组),分别采用酶比色法测定血清尿酸,生化酶法测定血脂,分析OSAS组患者血清尿酸及血脂的变化.结果 OSAS组患者血清尿酸[(490.97±98.78)μmol/L]高于对照组[(398.56±69.45)μmol/L],血清总胆固醇[(6.15±1.18)mmol/L]高于对照组[(5.46±1.03)mmol/L],血清甘油三酯[(4.35±1.14)mmol/L]亦高于对照组[(3.67±1.35)mmol/L].结论 OSAS患者血清尿酸水平明显升高,血脂也明显紊乱.     

超敏C反应蛋白与高血压危险因素和靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的 探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与原发性高血压危险因素及不同靶器官损害的关系.方法 测定216例原发性高血压患者(高血压组)和36例同期健康志愿者或因胸痛、胸闷,疑诊心脏神经官能症人院检查的患者(对照组)血清hs-CRP水平,比较原发性高血压合并不同疾病、受累靶器官的多少及不同受累靶器官之间血清hs-CRP水平的差异,并分析各变量与血清hs-CRP水平的相关性.结果 高血压组血清hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组[(1.99±0.34)mg/L比(1.10±0.26)mg/L](P＜0.01).高血压合并冠心病者与高血压合并糖尿病者血清hs-CRP水平[分别为(2.39±0.24)、(2.10±0.18)mg/L]显著高于单纯高血压者[(1.85±0.30)mg/L],高血压合并冠心病者血清hs-CRP水平高于高血压合并糖尿病者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清hs-CRP水平与靶器官损害数目呈正相关(r=0.747,P＜0.01).高血压合并不同靶器官损害者血清hs-CRP水平有差异,其中高血压合并左室肥厚者血清hs-CRP水平显著高于高血压合并颈动脉粥样硬化、肾损害及眼底病变者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高血压合并颈动脉粥样硬化者血清hs-CRP水平与高血压合并肾损害者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).逐步回归分析显示,影响血清hs-CRP水平的主要因素为左室质量指数(LVMI)、年龄和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),其中与HDL-C呈负相关.结论 原发性高血压患者血清hs-CRP水平明显高于正常人群,高血压合并不同疾病时炎性反应程度不同,高血压合并冠心病患者的hs-CRP水平显著高于高血压合并糖尿病患者.血清hs-CRP水平与靶器官损害数目呈正相关;靶器官损害不同,炎性反应程度不同.影响hs-CRP水平的主要因素为LVMI、年龄和HDL-C,其中与HDL-C呈负相关.     

2型糖尿病患者的血脂水平及其与脂质过氧化的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血脂水平与脂质过氧化的关系。方法采用病例鄄对照研究方法,检测了147例2型糖尿病患者及149例健康对照者的血脂水平。结果糖尿病组的血清总胆固醇[(4.488±1.608)mmol/L]及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(0.804±0.385)mmol/L]含量明显低于对照组[分别为(5.155±1.702)mmol/L、(1.307±0.435)mmol/L],而血清丙二醛含量[穴5.002±2.896雪mmol/L]和过氧化物歧化酶含量[(104.444±29.046)NU/ml]明显高于对照组[分别为(3.976±2.394)mmol/L熏(93.294±24.108)NU/ml]熏P<0.05;血清低密度脂蛋白与NO含量虽无差异显著性,但P值均接近于0.05。结论糖尿病患者的血脂水平和脂质过氧化的改变,可能与其并发症的发生有密切的关联。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血脂水平、瘦素和脂联素的变化

目的分析研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者血脂水平、瘦素和脂联素的变化及意义。方法选择2014年2—8月在本院呼吸内科住院治疗的106例COPD患者为观察组,选择同期健康体检者100例为对照组,比较观察组和对照组的TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,APo A1)、载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,APo B)、瘦素和脂联素水平。计量资料采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组血清TC[(4.22±0.50)mmol/L]、TG[(1.29±0.31)mmol/L]均低于对照组[(4.80±0.37)、(1.60±0.23)mmol/L],组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组Apo B水平[(0.68±0.20)g/L]比对照组[(0.95±0.77)g/L]降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组瘦素水平为[(0.38±0.07)mg/ml]低于对照组[(0.50±0.04)mg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=14.988,P0.05);观察组脂联素水平为[(0.53±0.17)mg/L]高于对照组[(0.42±0.05)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(t=6.221,P0.05)。结论血清瘦素和脂联素对COPD患者的诊断有重要的参考价值。血脂相关指标与COPD患者病情发展有相关性,因此在此类人群中进行血脂等指标检查十分必要。     

阿托伐他汀10mg与辛伐他汀20mg对2型糖尿病合并血脂异常的藏族患者降脂疗效及炎性指标比较

目的 评价阿托伐他汀10 mg和辛伐他汀20 mg对2型糖尿病合并血脂异常的藏族患者降脂疗效和对血清高敏C反应蛋白( hs-CRP)的影响。方法 选择2型糖尿病合并血脂异常的藏族患者70例,按随机数字表法分为阿托伐他汀10 mg组和辛伐他汀20mg组,每组35例。治疗前和治疗后4周分别测定总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、白细胞(WBC)计数、空腹血糖(FBG)和hs-CRP水平,并观察两组的不良反应。结果 治疗后4周,两组TC、LDL-C、ApoB均较治疗前显著下降(P＜0.01)。阿托伐他汀10 mg组治疗后4周TG水平较治疗前显著降低[(1.39±0.63) mmol/L比(1.95±1.62) mmol/L,P＜0.05],而辛伐他汀20 mg组治疗后4周TG水平有下降趋势但差异无统计学意义[(1.72±0.32)nnol/L比(1.93±0.83) mmol/L,P＞0.05]。两组治疗后hs-CRP水平均较治疗前显著降低,阿托伐他汀10mg组hs-CRP水平降低幅度大于辛伐他汀20mg组（40.51％比35.34％）,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05)。逐步回归分析表明,hs-CRP水平的降低独立于降脂效果,仅与他汀种类相关（标准化回归系数=-0.384,P=0.022）。结论 辛伐他汀20 mg对于血清TC和LDL-C水平的降低作用与阿托伐他汀10 mg相当,两种他汀类药物均可降低藏族2型糖尿病患者hs-CRP水平,阿托伐他汀疗效略优于辛伐他汀。     

应用血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白蛋白、CRP水平联合诊断早期急性胰腺炎价值分析

目的 探讨血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清白蛋白(SA)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平检测在急性胰腺炎早期诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取某医院2016年4月—2018年10月期间收治的89例急性胰腺炎患者,根据病情严重程度分为轻症急性胰腺炎组(MAP)、重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP),选取50例同期于医院体检的健康体检者作为对照组,对比三组的HDL-C、SA、CRP水平,分析不同病变程度与HDL-C、SA、CRP的相关性,绘制ROC曲线测定HDL-C、SA、CRP单独及联合检测对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。结果 HDL-C、SA 水平:SAP组[(0.68±0.14)mmol/L、(28.47±5.26)g/L]MAP组[(76.58±17.32)mg/L]>对照组[(3.64±0.53)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经ROC曲线下面积检验发现,HDL-C、SA、CRP 各指标联合用于急性胰腺炎早期诊断的ROC 曲线下面积(AUC)(0.961)高于各指标单独应用(0.839、0.936、0.868)。结论 血清HDL-C、SA 及CRP 水平联合检测在急性胰腺炎早期诊断应用价值较高,可有效判定急性胰腺炎严重程度,值得临床推广。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.