彝族海洛因依赖者及其配偶的婚姻质量调查

目的 调查彝族海洛因依赖者及其配偶的婚姻质量状况。方法采用Olson婚姻质量量表（ENRICH）评定108例彝族海洛因依赖者及其非成瘾配偶。结果彝族海洛因依赖者及其配偶的婚姻质量明显低于常模，配偶的婚姻质量亦低于思者。结论彝族海洛因依赖者及其配偶的婚姻质量明显降低。患者及配偶双方在婚姻满意度、性格相容性、夫妻交流及解决冲突方式、业余活动、性生活、与亲友的关系等方面存在不和谐。     

男性精神分裂症患者婚姻质量及相关因素

目的:探讨男性精神分裂症患者婚姻质量及相关因素。方法:对60例男性精神分裂症患者,采用Olson婚姻质量问卷进行婚姻质量的评定,并与其60例配偶及60例男性健康者的评定结果分别进行对照。结果:与健康对照者相比,患者婚姻质量均低于健康对照者(P<0.05);女性配偶婚姻质量低于患者(P<0.01);影响患者婚姻质量的主要因素有家庭收入、社会功能和发病年龄。结论:男性精神分裂症患者婚姻质量下降。     

海洛因依赖及其照看者生活质量状况的临床对照研究

目的 探讨海洛因依赖者及照看者的生活质量状况.方法 采用生活质量量表（WHO QOL-100）对海洛因依赖者及照看者的生活质量进行评定与分析.结果 依赖者及照看者的生活质量与正常人群有极显著性差异（P＜0.001）,照看者与依赖者生活质量明显相关.结论 依赖者及照看者的生活质量均明显低于正常人群.     

海洛因依赖复吸者心理缺陷感及外控性的临床调查分析

目的：了解海洛因依赖复吸者的心理缺陷感及外控性。方法：采用缺陷感量表（ＦＩＳ）与在人Ｎｏｗｉｃｋｉ＝Ｓｔｒｉｃｋｌａｄｎ内－外控制量表（ＡＮＳＩＥ）对６０例海洛因依赖复吸者及６０例健康成人进行测评。结果：海洛因依赖复吸者心理缺陷感评分明显低于健康成人,在自尊、社交、学习能力、外貌、体能及总分呈显著性差异;同时外控性评分显著高于健康成人。结论：海洛因依赖复吸者的强烈的心理缺陷感及外控必不利于利其渡过     

精神分裂症患者配偶生活质量调查分析

目的探讨精神分裂症患者配偶的生活质量状况。方法对60例符合CCMD-3精神分裂症诊断标准的精神分裂症患者的配偶及60例与之相匹配的已婚健康受试者进行生活质量综合评定问卷调查分析。结果精神分裂症患者的配偶在GQOL总分及其四个维度评分均低于对照组，差异具有显著性。结论精神分裂症患者的配偶生活质量状况低于国内常模，应引起全社会的关注。     

海洛因依赖者人格特征分析及与首次吸毒年龄的关系

目的分析海洛因依赖者与正常人群的人格特征的不同特点,探讨人格特征与首次吸毒年龄的关系。方法采用气质性格问卷(Temperament and character inventory,TCl)分别对100例海洛因依赖者与88例正常对照者进行人格评定,比较TCI不同维度分在海洛因依赖组和正常对照组之间的差异,并分析首次吸毒年龄与TCI维度分的相关性。结果1)与正常对照组相比,海洛因依赖组的NS和HA得分高于对照组(P<0.05),而海洛因依赖组CO、SD维度得分均数低于对照组(P<0.01)。2)海洛因依赖者的TCI问卷不同维度的得分与首吸年龄无相关性(P>0.05)。结论1)寻求刺激、放荡不羁、冲动、探索、看事情悲观、害怕不确定、易疲劳等是海洛因依赖的易感人格特征,应对这部分人群进行早期干预。2)首次吸毒年龄与TCI的不同人格维度之间无相关性。     

男性海洛因与甲基苯丙胺依赖者心理渴求及影响因素分析

目的:探讨男性海洛因和甲基苯丙胺依赖者心理渴求及其影响因素。方法:采用一般状况量表(包含人口学信息和毒品使用情况)、药物渴求问卷对住院戒毒的男性海洛因依赖者(海洛因组,157例)及甲基苯丙胺依赖者(甲基苯丙胺组,140例)进行调查和分析。结果:甲基苯丙胺组戒毒时长明显长于海洛因组[(15.61±6.32)d vs(13.85±6.02)d,P0.05];协方差分析显示,甲基苯丙胺组渴求总分及毒品影响和渴求频率分明显高于海洛因组[(38.96±5.64)vs(36.89±8.03),(19.27±3.98)vs(18.05±5.04),(13.79±3.15)vs(12.55±4.24);P均0.05];多元逐步回归分析结果显示,使用毒品时间、频率、种类及就业状况(β=0.261,0.230,0.190,-0.125)进入方程(P均0.05)。结论:男性甲基苯丙胺依赖者心理渴求水平高于海洛因依赖者;心理渴求程度与使用毒品时间、频率、吸食毒品种类及就业状况等因素有关。     

海洛因依赖者在强制戒毒中的诈病

为了解海洛因依赖者在强制戒毒过程中发生诈病的情况 ,我们对贵阳市公安局南明分局戒毒所 1998年 8月至1999年 8月收治的 2 0 6 1例海洛因依赖者进行了研究。临床资料　在 2 0 6 1海洛因依赖者中 ,有 115例(5 5 8% )发生过诈病。诈病和海洛因依赖均符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第 2版修订本的诊断标准 ,排除严重的躯体疾病、传染性疾病和精神障碍者。 115例中男 78例 ,女 37例 ;平均年龄 (2 5± 6 )岁 ;文化程度 :小学以下 42例 ,初中 6 3例 ,高中 10例 ;婚姻 :未婚 75例 ,离婚 2 7例 ,已婚 13例 ;职业 :无业 95例 ,个体 14例 ,职员…     

康复训练对男性海洛因依赖者应对方式和社会支持的影响

目的探索康复训练对男性海洛因依赖者的影响。方法对50名海洛因依赖者进行了至少4个月的康复训练,康复训练以海洛因依赖者的需求、所处的康复阶段及接受能力为中心,包括强化戒毒治疗动机、减少吸毒造成的危害、复吸预防等各种技能训练。康复训练前后测量应对方式和社会支持。结果康复训练后海洛因依赖者幻想、退避、自责等不成熟型应对方式分值下降,而求助的分值增加,社会支持增加。结论康复训练改善男性海洛因依赖者的社会支持和应对方式。     

海洛因依赖者多导睡眠图与主观评估对比分析

目的:探讨海洛因依赖者美沙酮替代治疗早期的主客观睡眠特征. 方法:选择20例美沙酮替代治疗早期的海洛因依赖者(海洛因依赖组)和20名正常人为对照(对照组),进行全夜多导睡眠图(PSG)的监测,以评估受试者的客观睡眠状况;采用匹兹堡睡眠质鼍指数问卷(PSQI)、爱泼沃斯嗜睡评分量表(ESS)评估受试者的主观睡眠状况. 结果:与对照组比较,海洛因依赖组主客观睡眠时间缩短,睡眠效率降低,主观入睡潜伏期延长(P<0.01);主观睡眠时间、入睡潜伏期、睡眠效率与PSG检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);海洛因依赖组PSQI及ESS评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01).ESS评分与慢波睡眠的减少呈显著负相关(r=-0.614,P=0.004). 结论:海洛因依赖者美沙酮替代治疗早期睡眠质量差,主客观睡眠评估不一致,患者白天困倦感与慢波睡眠减少相关.     

对海洛因依赖者血浆精氨酸加压素浓度的检测结果

目的 探讨海洛因依赖者及其血浆精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）浓度间的关系。方法 采用放射免疫法测定１５例（病例组）海洛因依赖患者及１８例正常人（对照组）的血浆ＡＶＰ浓度。结果 病例组务血浆ＡＶＰ浓度较对照组低,两组差异有非常显著性（ｔ＝２６．３９,Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 结果提示,病例组的ＡＶＰ功能低下,且滥用时间越长,ＡＶＰ浓度下降越明显。     

海洛因依赖者伪装和制造疾病临床研究(附221例分析)

目的：了解海洛因依赖者在脱毒过程中伪装和制造疾病的原因和临床表现。方法：对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本有关诈病诊断标准的海洛因依赖者进行回顾性研究。结果：发现22l例诈病，发生率4．6％，以青年男性、未婚、初中以下文化、无业占多数，吸毒时间长、多药滥用、涉嫌违法犯罪问题者较多。其动机依次是企图逃避法律惩罚、企图提前解除强戒．骗取成瘾药物、受人唆使胁迫等。方式有说谎、伪装、造伤等。结论：海洛因依赖诈病者较多，应引起注意。     

Impact of chronic pain on the spouse: marital, emotional and physical consequences

The effects of chronic illness on marital relationships and the spouses' emotional and physical health were examined in chronic pain patients, their spouses, and a control sample of spouses of diabetic patients. Results indicated that pain patients and their spouses experienced considerable change in marital and sexual satisfaction. Patients with better marital adjustment also reported higher overall pain levels and had more solicitous and maritally satisfied spouses. Spouses' marital adjustment was positively associated with patients' marital satisfaction and spouses' own mood. Spouses' dysphoric mood was related to patients' negative appraisal of the pain experience, spouses' perceived lack of life control, and spouses' marital dissatisfaction. Although spouses of chronic pain patients showed no more physical symptoms than spouses of diabetics, they reported significantly more pain symptoms that were related to elevated levels of depressed mood. The results indicate that not only is chronic pain associated with problems in the marital relationship but heightened distress and physical symptoms in spouses as well. These effects are related less to the existence of a chronic pain problem per se but rather to patients' and spouses' manner of coping with the situation.     

Gonadotropin response to synthetic gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) in heroin addicts.

To determine whether the pituitary-gonadal deficiency in heroin addicts is related to heroin's effect on the hypothalamus, the authors administered gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) to 10 male heroin addicts and 5 controls and measured follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) response. Basal FSH and LH levels were significantly lower in addicts; after GnRH stimulation the addicts' FSH and LH values increased but not significantly compared to controls. The difference between the two groups' response was highly significant. The authors suggest that heroin causes an incomplete blocking of gonadotropin secretion at the pituitary level, inducing a hypophyseal-gonadal deficiency and a long-lasting depletion of the endogenous releasing factor, which accounts for the reduced response to GnRH.     

Predicting Outcome in Public Addiction Services Using Data Collected During Routinely Assessment Procedures

The study examined the ability of several baseline variables to predict retention and treatment outcome in a cohort study that included 137 participants with heroin and cocaine addiction attending a public addiction service in Italy. Predictors included past drug use, intravenous use, initial urine drug screen results, cocaine and heroin craving and self-reported psychiatric symptoms. Severe depression and, in a lesser extent, anxiety symptoms, predicted lower retention. Only intravenous use was a significant predictor of cocaine use in the whole sample. Positive urine for cocaine and intravenous use predicted worse outcome among heroin addicts. Three Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scales scores were associated with lower cocaine and heroin use. Multiple logistic regression showed that cocaine positivity and more structured psychosocial treatment predicted successful outcome. Results highlight the prognostic value of carefully assessing patterns of cocaine use and co-use, routes of administration and psychiatric symptoms at the beginning of treatment, especially in heroin addicts.     

Mortality in heroin addiction: impact of methadone treatment

The mortality within a cohort of 115 street heroin addicts was studied for 5-8 years using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate technique. This differed markedly from the relatively low mortality of 166 comparable heroin addicts given methadone maintenance treatment (MT). The street addicts' mortality rate was 63 times that expected, compared with official statistics for a group of this age and sex distribution. When 53 patients in MT were involuntarily expelled from treatment, due to violation of programme rules, they returned to the high mortality of street addicts (55 times that expected). A group of 34 rehabilitated patients who left MT with medical consent retained the low mortality of MT patients (their mortality rate was 4 times that expected). Despite this great improvement in survival, even patients in MT showed a moderately elevated mortality (8 times that expected), mainly due to diseases acquired before entering the treatment programme. It is concluded that MT exerts a major improvement in the survival of heroin addicts.     

Heroin vs alcohol addiction--quantifiable psychosocial similarities and differences

A pilot study of 50 heroin addicts and 66 alcohol addicts utilizing the recently developed quantitative methods for measuring life change and seriousness of illness. Alcohol addicts were found to have significant attenuation of perception of life change and seriousness of illness as compared to heroin addicts and current “normative” data. The heroin addicts were found to have a mild but significant augmentation of perception of life change and seriousness of illness as compared to the “normative” data. In addition both the heroin addicts and alcohol addicts were found to maintain very high levels of life change. The documented differences in perception and the maintenance of high levels of life change were felt to have potential significance in the treatment and evaluation of both groups of addicts.