结构式家庭治疗对伴有对立违抗性障碍的ADHD患者的疗效研究

目的探讨结构式家庭治疗对伴有对立违抗性障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍（attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD）患儿的效果。方法54例患儿随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组单纯药物治疗,研究组采用家庭治疗合并药物。疗程3个月。于1周、12周用Conners父母用量表进行评定,对评定结果进行统计学处理。家庭环境量表中文版（FamilyEnvironmentScale—ChineseVersion,FES-CV）对治疗前后家庭环境的影响进行评定。结果研究组与对照组行为治疗12周后,Conners父母用量表在多动-冲动、多动指数均显著下降,但研究组品行问题、学习问题、心身障碍、焦虑因子明显优于对照组。FES—CV评分干预后干预组的家庭亲密度、情感表达、成功性评分高于对照组,而矛盾性、控制性低于对照组。结论结构式家庭治疗是治疗ADHD患儿行之有效的方法。     

GRIN2A、GRIN2B基因多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍的关联研究

目的探讨N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR）亚基NMDA2A基因（GRIN2A）和NMDA2B基因（GRIN2B）单核苷酸多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的关系。方法选择2016年2月至2018年4月就诊于浙江大学医学院附属精神卫生中心（杭州市第七人民医院）儿童心理科门诊及住院的ADHD患儿（ADHD组）49例及同时期健康体检儿童（健康对照组）50例,抽取外周血样本,提取DNA,根据dbSNP数据库及既往文献选取GRIN2A的rs2229193和GRIN2B的rs2284411作为候选基因位点,设计引物序列,行PCR扩增及结果判读。比较两组GRIN2A基因型频率G/G和G/A,GRIN2B基因型频率C/C和（T/C+T/T）的分布差异。结合ADHD症状评定量表和神经心理测评[SNAP-Ⅳ儿童注意力量表（包含注意缺陷分量表、多动冲动分量表、对立违抗分量表）、中国韦氏儿童智力量表（C-WISC）、Conners父母评症状量表（PSQ）、注意力竞量测验（T.O.V.A.）]得分,比较GRIN2A、GRIN2B不同基因型ADHD患儿的症状。结果两组GRIN2A基因型频率、GRIN2B基因型频率分布比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。GRIN2A为G/A+A/A基因型的患儿较G/G基因型的患儿有更高的SNAP-IV对立违抗分量表得分以及更高的PSQ品行问题得分,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两者SNAP-IV其他分量表得分、C-WISC、PSQ、T.O.V.A.比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。GRIN2B为C/C基因型和T/C+T/T基因型的两种患儿SNAP-IV、C-WISC、PSQ、T.O.V.A.比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论GRIN2A中A等位基因携带患儿可能有更多的对立违抗行为和品行问题,提示GRIN2A基因多态性可能与ADHD患儿对立违抗障碍及品行障碍相关。     

GRIN2A、GRIN2B基因多态性与哌甲酯治疗注意缺陷多动障碍疗效的关系研究

目的探讨GRIN2A基因和GRIN2B基因单核苷酸多态性与哌甲酯治疗注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）疗效的关系。方法选择2016年2月至2019年2月杭州市第七人民医院儿童心理科门诊及住院的6~15岁ADHD患儿80例,治疗前抽取外周血3ml,用试剂盒提取DNA后-80℃冷冻备用。其中74例患儿完成8周的哌甲酯治疗随访,并于治疗前及治疗8周后进行SNAP-IV、中国韦氏儿童智力测试（C-WISC）、Conners父母评症状量表（PSQ）、注意力竞量测验（T.O.V.A.）和神经心理测评。以GRIN2A基因rs2229193和GRIN2B基因rs2284411作为候选基因位点,采用PCR扩增并结果判读。结果GRIN2A基因G/A+A/A基因型患儿的SNAP-IV对立违抗分量表得分、PSQ品行问题项目得分均较G/G基因型高（均P＜0.01）。GRIN2B基因T/C+T/T基因型患儿的SNAP-IV注意缺陷分量表得分较C/C基因型更高（P＜0.05）。治疗有效和治疗无效患儿间GRIN2A基因G/A+A/A基因型频率与G/G基因型频率、GRIN2B基因T/C+T/T基因型频率与C/C基因型频率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;对立违抗改善与未改善患儿的GRIN2A基因G/A+A/A基因型频率与G/G基因型频率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而GRIN2B基因T/C+T/T基因型频率和C/C基因型频率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论GRIN2A基因中A等位基因携带组在接受哌甲酯治疗后,对立违抗行为显著减少,提示GRIN2A基因多态性可能与哌甲酯改善ADHD患儿对立违抗行为的疗效相关。     

ADHD儿童的个性、行为及家庭环境分析

目的：探讨儿照注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个性、行为及家庭环境的特征,为ADHD病因探索及早期干预提供科学依据。方法：应用艾森克个性问卷（儿童版）（EPQ-J）、Rutter儿童行为问卷（父母版）及家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）对40例ADHD儿童进行调查,并与40名相匹配的健康中小学生比较。结论：ADHD的发生、发展与患儿个性、行为特征及其特定的家庭环境密切相关,应引起医务人员的重视,并及早采取有效的针对性干预措施。     

执行功能训练对学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的干预效果

目的：探讨执行功能训练对学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的有效性,为ADHD儿童的治疗提供新视角。方法：选取2019年9月至2020年10月温州市人民医院诊断为ADHD的56例学龄儿童,随机分为执行功能训练组（27例）和父母培训组（29例）,2组分别接受为期12周的执行功能训练和父母培训,比较2组的干预效果,干预前后采用注意力多维度测试、SNAP-IV评定量表、Conner’s儿童行为量表进行评估,干预结束1 年后再次对2 组进行以上测评。结果：12 周干预后,执行功能训练组注意力各维度测试得分以及SNAP-IV评定量表、Conner’s儿童行为量表各项评分与干预前、父母培训组干预后差异均有统计学意义（均P ＜0.05）;干预后1年的随访显示执行功能训练组不能保持完全稳定的疗效,各项测试与干预前及父母培训组1年后评分差异均有统计学意义（均P ＜0.05）;但注意力各维度测试得分较12 周干预后降低,SNAP-IV量表中注意缺陷与Conner’s儿童行为量表中学习问题、多动指数三项评分较12 周干预后升高,差异有统计学意义（均P ＜0.05）,量表中多动/冲动、对立违抗以及品行问题、心身障碍、冲动-多动、焦虑六项评分与2周干预后差异无统计学意义（均P ＞0.05）。结论：执行功能训练能有效改善ADHD儿童的核心症状及行为 问题,对改善长期预后有一定的帮助。     

前庭康复对注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的疗效观察

目的 探讨前庭康复(VR)方法治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的疗效.方法 将2018年2月至2019年8月该院收治的60例ADHD患儿按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例.两组均采用认知行为疗法,观察组加用VR方法,每周5次,疗程为2个月.治疗前后采用中文版注意缺陷多动障碍评定量表-父母版(SNAP-Ⅳ)和中文版conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)对两组患儿进行评估.结果 两组治疗前PSQ各因子(品学行为障碍、学习障碍、心身障碍、冲动/多动、焦虑、多动指数)评分和总分、SNAP-Ⅳ的3个分量表(注意力不集中、多动/冲动、对立违抗)评分和总分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组和对照组上述评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.001),且观察组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 通过应用VR方法可有效改善ADHD患儿症状.     

重复经颅磁刺激对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的疗效研究

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿的临床疗效。方法选取2019年1月至2020年12月在浙江中医药大学附属第二医院就诊的ADHD中注意缺陷与多动/冲动混合型患儿33例,采用rTMS治疗12周,观察并比较治疗前后SNAP-Ⅳ量表（父母版）评分、视听整合持续操作测试（IVA-CPT）及脑涨落图分析（EFG）结果。结果治疗后,ADHD患儿SNAP-IV量表（父母版）总分及注意力缺陷均分、多动-冲动均分较治疗前均明显降低（均P＜0.05）,对立违抗障碍均分治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;综合注意力商数、综合控制力商数、听觉/视觉控制力商数、听觉/视觉注意力商数较治疗前均明显升高（均P＜0.05）;脑电超慢波绝对功率值、脑电超慢波相对功率值和全脑总功率治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。rTMS治疗过程中均未出现明显的不良反应。结论rTMS治疗能有效改善ADHD患儿注意力、多动等临床症状,且无明显不良反应,可作为安全有效的非药物治疗方法应用于临床。     

哌甲酯控释剂对注意缺陷多动障碍功能的改善

目的 探讨哌甲酯控释剂对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童核心症状与细化功能的改善作用及两者的相关性。方法 156例确诊为ADHD的患儿,治疗前完成SNAP-Ⅳ量表(中文版)评定;随后给予盐酸哌甲酯控释剂18 mg口服,1次/d,连续1个月;治疗后进行SNAP-Ⅳ量表的二次评定,同时完成细化功能改善问卷评定。观察核心症状与细化功能改善情况,并分析两者的相关性。结果 哌甲酯控释剂治疗后,ADHD患儿SNAP-Ⅳ量表各因子原始平均分均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.001）,其中IOWA注意缺陷多动因子减分尤为明显（减分率>50%）,其次是多动冲动因子和注意缺陷因子;患儿在校学习、在家作业和社会行为功能都有所改善,且细化功能改善程度明显。注意缺陷因子的减分与在校学习和在家作业情况的改善显著相关（P<0.01）;多动冲动因子和对立违抗因子的减分与社会行为功能的改善显著相关（P<0.05）。结论 哌甲酯控释剂对ADHD儿童的核心症状与细化功能具有改善作用,且两者存在一定相关性;其对各种细化功能改善的效果有所不同。     

强迫症患者家庭环境及父母教育方式的调查研究

目的:探索强迫症患者家庭环境特点以及父母教育方式差异。方法:选择40例临床确诊为强迫症患者为研究组;同时选取40例健康志愿者为对照组。采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)评价和父母教育方式问卷(EMBU)对两组研究对象进行评价,并比较。结果:研究组患者的FES-CV亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、娱乐性、知识性、组织性、控制性、道德观各分量表评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而矛盾性量表评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);EMBU评分父亲惩罚严厉、过分干涉、过度保护及拒绝否认各量表评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);而母亲拒绝否认、惩罚严厉各量表评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:不良家庭环境和父母不当教育方式在强迫症患者的发生和发展中发挥极重要作用。     

以家庭为中心的干预对学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念及家庭环境的影响

目的研究以家庭为中心的干预对学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念及家庭环境的影响。方法将98例癫痫患儿随机均分为研究组和对照组,各49例,对照组仅实施常规治疗、护理及健康教育,研究组在常规基础上实施为期1年的以家庭为中心的干预,于干预前后采用Piers-Harris儿童自我概念量表及家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）进行效果评价。结果干预前两组患儿的FES-CV量表各因子得分及自我概念量表评分比较差异无统计学意义;干预后两组患者FES-CV量表各因子评分均有好转,但研究组在亲密度、娱乐性、组织性、成功性、知识性5项评分均明显高于对照组,而矛盾性评分则明显低于对照组,均具有显著性差异;而独立性、情感表达、道德宗教观、控制性4项两两比较差异无统计学意义。研究组患儿干预后在行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足6个分量表及总分方面,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论以家庭为中心的干预有助于改善学龄期癫痫患儿的家庭环境,可显著提高患儿的提高自我概念水平。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.