治肝八法之清肝法、泻肝法、养肝法、温肝法的探析

关于肝病的治法，历代医家的论述繁多，但是一直到清代对肝病治法才有了比较丰富的内容，其中王旭高的《西溪书屋夜话录》中仅存的《肝病证治》一篇，专门阐述治肝三十法，可以说是总结了历代肝病的治法。现将其归纳为四类八法，笔者以其中的清肝法、泻肝法、养肝法、温肝法作研究。笔者遵循中医基本理论，阴阳五行，四诊八纲，脏腑辨证，以“整体观念”分析彼此之间的逻辑与哲理，达至临床上选用适当的“治肝法”。     

浅谈活血化瘀法、通经活络法与软坚散结法

中医治法是衔接辨证和选方的中心环节,在辨证论治中起着承前启后的作用。活血化瘀法、通经活络法与软坚散结法均是以祛除体内病理产物为主要功用的治法,三者存在相互交叉的部分,但是由于作用于病理产物的方式不同,故在临床治疗中产生的效果亦各不相同。活血化瘀法,适用于血瘀证初步形成阶段,此时血液呈现出高凝状态,但尚未聚集于某部,呈现为"点"状;通经活络法,其主要作用是通畅分布在经络上的"线"状病理产物;软坚散结法以软化消散病理产物为主,作用于局部的包块,即"面"的病变。因此在临床运用中,需要根据病情酌加选用,以提高临床疗效。     

中医药法途——法路难行

经过30年的漫长等待后，中医药立法终于踏入了征求意见的关键环节。然而，面对中医药的百病缠身，一部立法能否起到沉疴根治的作用？     

治肝八法之疏肝法、柔肝法、镇肝法、平肝法治疗肝病的研究

本文从文献角度全面探讨清代名医王旭高治肝八法之疏肝法、柔肝法、镇肝法和平肝法在治疗肝病的治法与方药。本文共搜集实验研究、临床运用、名医案例、合共396例。应用疏肝法共有276例，柔肝法有93例，镇肝法有6例，平肝法21例。通过文献整理并与王旭高在《西溪书屋夜话录》记相参照探讨疏肝法、柔肝法、镇肝法和平肝法在临床中如何应用。     

化学发光法和放射免疫法检测胰岛素

目的比较化学发光法(CLIA)和放射免疫法(RIA)检测胰岛素测定结果。方法通过化学发光法和放射免疫方法测定52名患者血清样本胰岛素含量,比较两种方法测定结果的差异和相关性。结果 CLIA测定胰岛素结果为33.48mU/L,RIA测定胰岛素结果为27.50μIU/ml,二者比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。Spearman检测结果表明两种检查结果有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 CLIA和RIA检测胰岛素结果有差异,但有显著相关性。     

PT-Der法与Clauss法简评

随着自动血凝仪与半自动血凝仪的发展与应用,由凝血酶原检测直接演算出血浆纤维蛋白原含量的方法日趋完善。这种方法称为PT-衍生法(PT-der)。同时,在自动血凝仪上还可以用直接测定血浆纤维蛋白原含量称为克劳斯法(Cluass),该方法在国外已普遍使用,国内相关实验室也提倡应用此法     

炮制法中的古老计时法

炮制中药,无论水制中的浸、泡、漂、润;火制中的炒、烫、炮、煅;水火共制中的蒸、煮、(氵单)、淬;以及发酵、发芽等,在进行中都有时间上的要求,短者以时计,长者以天计。而表示时间的方法,在广泛应用钟表计时的今天,无论用语言或文字表达均方便而统一。但是在过去二千多年的历史长河中,计时方法则多种多样,现就中医药文献资料上所见到的有关炮制时间的称谓、分类诠释如下:     

Duckett法加Duplay法治疗重度尿道下裂

尿道下裂是小儿常见的泌尿生殖系畸形,其治疗困难,手术治疗方法众多,但是尚没有一种公认通用的、令人满意的方法。对于尿道缺损常伴有中、重度阴茎下弯的重度尿道下裂,治疗单用任一种术式均不能奏效。Duckett法（横行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术）加Duply法（阴囊原位皮管成形术）被应用于修复尿道缺损长伴有中、重度阴茎下弯的重度尿道下裂的手术中。我们近7年来应用Duckett法加Duply法治疗重度尿道下裂10例,效果良好,现报道如下。     

法本法无法,无法法亦法--谈中医英语翻译的方法问题

1释义与适意2005年10月11日,国家中医药管理局在北京组织专家对“中医药专业外语水平考试项目的可行性”进行了论证。在研讨会中,与会专家们很自然地谈到中医英语的翻译问题,因为中医英语实际上是在中医翻译的基础上形成的一套具有中医特色的英语术语和表达系统。因此,中医翻译的质量和规范化水平的高低直接影响着中医英语的学科建设和水平考试的实施。由于众所周知的原因,中医英语翻译的原则、标准和方法仍是一个有待认真探讨及不断完善的问题,也是一个仁者见仁、智者见智的问题。在这次论证会上,我更关注的还是翻译本身的问题,因为翻译是…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.