电焊作业对接触人员脂质过氧化及体液免疫水平影响调查

[目的]探讨电焊作业对接触人员脂质过氧化及体液免疫水平的影响.[方法]对67名电焊作业人员(接触组)及56名不接触有害因素的人员(对照组)测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量.[结果]接触组血清SOD活性、GSH-PX活性.明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而血清MDA含量,接触组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清IgG、IgA含量,接触组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).[结论]以锰化合物为主的电焊烟尘可导致接触者体内脂质过氧化水平的增高及体内抗氧化能力下降,并能降低机体的体液免疫水平.     

噪声对职业接触人群血清SOD、T-AOC及MDA水平的影响

目的探讨噪声对职业接触人群血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响。方法选择某五金制造厂打磨岗位97人为实验组[平均接噪强度为87.4±1.9 dB(A)],某电子厂装配流水线接触噪声强度低于噪声职业接触限值112人[平均接噪强度为82.5±2.0 dB(A)]为对照组,测定不同噪声接触强度作业人员血清中总SOD活力、T-AOC、MDA水平。同时对两组接触工人进行纯音听阈测试。结果接触噪声强度高的实验组总SOD活力比接触噪声强度较低的对照组有所下降(P0.05),T-AOC水平两组相比,差异无统计学意义,接触噪声强度高组比对照组MDA水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组语频听力与高频听力损失比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);血清中MDA与总SOD活力水平呈负相关,与双耳高频听力损失呈正相关(P0.05)。结论长期接触噪声对劳动者的抗氧化系统存在影响。     

电焊作业对工人血清一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

目的探讨电焊作业对工人血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的影响,进一步了解电焊作业对工人健康损害的机制,为保护电焊作业工人身体健康提供理论依据。方法以某金属结构厂54名电焊作业工人为接触组,不接触毒物的59名非电焊工人为对照组,采用NOS催化L-Arg法测定血清中NOS活力;血锰含量测定采用石墨炉原子吸收法,血中铜、铁、锌、镁、钙含量测定采用火焰原子吸收法。结果接触组工人血清中总NOS活力为(27.88±7.49)U/ml,低于对照组(30.48±4.69)U/ml,差异有显著性(P<0.05),且接触组工人血清中诱导型NOS(iNOS)活力为(16.18±6.70)U/ml,亦低于对照组(19.71±4.26)U/ml,差异有显著性(P<0.05);血锰接触组为(42.73±21.63)μg/L,明显高于对照组(29.97±17.62)μg/L,差异有显著性(P<0.01);血锌接触组和对照组分别为(9.02±3.47)mg/L和(12.72±3.89)mg/L,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);接触组和对照组血镁分别为(47.99±9.86)mg/L和(35.82±15.08)mg/L,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组间血铜、血铁和血钙含量比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论电焊作业可能导致工人血锰含量增加,而引起血清NOS活力降低;同时还可使血锌含量下降和血镁含量升高。     

接触沥青筑路工人脂质过氧化水平调查

目的探讨接触沥青对筑路工人体内脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法测定直接接触沥青、间接接触沥青、非接触沥青工人血清中丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的浓度或活性。结果两个接触组MDA含量均显著高于非接触组(P0.05),T-AOC较非接触组明显降低(P0.0001)。结论接触沥青的筑路工人存在脂质过氧化损伤,可能会影响到作业工人的健康。     

接触苯、甲苯、二甲苯对工人脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的探讨苯、甲苯、二甲苯对人体的脂质过氧化作用及抗氧化作用的影响。方法选择50名长期接触苯、甲苯、二甲苯作业的工人和55名不接触任何毒物的工人为研究对象,进行现场职业卫生学监测,对工人血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)活力进行测定。结果接触组MDA含量[(3.55±1.58)]nmol/L及SOD活力[(95.45±11.05)×103单位/L]高于对照组,而GSH Px活力[(70.54±38.24)×104单位/L]低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论长期接触低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯,将导致MDA含量和SOD活力增加及GSH Px活力下降。     

甲苯对接触人群听觉系统损伤及血清某些物质变化研究

目的探讨甲苯对接触人群听觉系统损伤及血清某些物质变化。方法选择接触甲苯超标组(质量浓度>50 mg/m3)和接触甲苯未超标组(质量浓度<50 mg/m3)的作业工人各60人,对照组为不接触甲苯的办公室人员60人,3组人员都进行纯音测定及抽血查血清中丙二醛(MDA)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果超标组听力异常率、血清MDA水平、SOD和GSH-Px活力与未超标组、对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);未超标组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论职业性长期接触超限值质量浓度甲苯对作业工人的听觉系统及血清MDA水平、SOD和GSH-Px活力可能有一定的影响。     

多种有害因素联合对作业工人健康影响的研究

目的探讨在多种有害因素[粉尘、噪声、溶剂(主要为苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以下简称混苯)]同时存在时对工人健康的影响.方法选择66名接触噪声、粉尘、混苯的作业工人为观察组,另选56名无任何毒物接触的工人为对照组,对两组人员进行常规体检,检测免疫三项、血清中SOD活力、Hb含量和WBC计数、外周血淋巴细胞微核率.结果两组比较,上呼吸道慢性炎症、(IgG、IgA、IgM)差异有显著性(P＜0.05),类神经症发生率、心电图异常率差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),SOD活力、外周血淋巴细胞微核率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论长期在低浓度多种有害作业环境下工作,对作业人员身体健康有一定负面影响,有降低免疫功能的趋势,对细胞的毒性效应暂无发现.     

职业性锰接触工人脂质过氧化改变观察

目的探讨锰接触对机体脂质过氧化的影响。方法选择84名锰焊作业人员及84名对照人员,测定其血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果锰接触组MDA含量高于对照组,血清SOD、GSH-Px活力低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);MDA、SOD与作业场所空气锰呈现一定的剂量反应关系。结论锰能使机体脂质过氧化增加、抗氧化能力下降。MDA、SOD可作为锰中毒的早期观察指标。     

低浓度光气作业工人的氧化应激反应初探

为探讨低浓度光气接触对人体氧化应激的影响,选择179名光气作业人员为接触组,153名不接触任何职业病危害因素的健康人群为对照组,测定其血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果显示,接触组MDA含量及SOD活力均高于对照组(P<0.01);接触组GSH-Px活力低于对照组,但仅在30岁以下人群中,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。     

二甲基甲酰胺接触工人血清3项脂质过氧化指标的变化

目的探讨二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作业工人血清丙二醛(MDA)水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化。方法选取DMF作业工人105人作为接触组,健康献血员30名作为对照组。接触组按接触DMF空气浓度不同分为高浓度组和低浓度组;按接触DMF工作时间不同分为长工龄组和短工龄组。检测各组血清SOD、GSH-Px的活力和MDA水平。结果GSH-Px活力在低浓度组增高、显著高于高浓度组(P<0.05)。SOD活力、MDA水平随DMF浓度的上升呈上升趋势,SOD活力不同浓度组间差异均有显著性(P<0.05),MDA水平低浓度组与高浓度组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),低浓度组与对照组比较差异无显著性。结论高浓度DMF接触对机体有致脂质过氧化作用,可引起血清GSH-Px的活力下降,MDA水平升高。     

Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membrane of stainless-steel welders exposed to welding fumes and gases

The erythrocyte antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the erythrocyte membrane were studied in workers continously exposed to welding fumes and gases, which are thought to be oxidant pollutants. Thirty-five welders using the manual metal arc method on stainless steel and 30 controls were studied. Plasma chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and cupper (Cu) levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The erythrocyte antioxidant system activity and lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membrane were evaluated. Not only the possible effects of welding fumes but also the effects of smoking were considered. The plasma concentrations of Cr, Mn, and Cu for the exposed welders were significantly higher compared to the control subjects (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively,). The erythrocyte CAT (p<0.05) and SOD (p<0.05) enzyme activities were significantly higher in the welders but there were not any significant changes in the MDA levels which reflect the lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membrane (p>0.05). Smoking has increased the SOD activity in both controls (p<0.05) and welders (p<0.01) and increased the CAT activity in control subjects (p<0.05). Moreover, regardless of smoking, there were some significant correlations between the duration of the exposure to welding fumes and antioxidant defence system (SOD: p<0.05; CAT: p<0.05). The synergistic effects of smoking and other risk factors (welding fumes and gasses), which had been shown previously by some clinical data should also be taken into account. As a consequence, the welders should be warned and informed of the synergistic effects of smoking on the adverse effect of welding fumes and gases.     

电焊作业工人血清SOD、GSH-Px和MDA改变及其影响因素

目的：探讨电焊作业对工人体内的脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法：对125名电焊工和50名对照人员进行了问卷和血清SOD,GSH－Px和MDA的测定。结果：手工电弧焊组和CO2保护焊组的SOD,GSH－Px显著低于对照组,MDA显著高于对照组;3项指标在各接触剂量组间差异无显著性,也不存在剂量－效应关系;回归分析显示3项指标与累积接触剂量无关。结论：电焊作业可引起电焊工体内氧化负荷加重,但这种作用不存在明显的蓄积现象,也未发现剂量－效应关系。     

职业性锰暴露对电焊工脂质过氧化的影响研究

[目的]探讨锰暴露对机体脂质过氧化的影响。[方法]2004年,在淮安市选择84名锰焊作业人员,测定作业场所空气锰浓度,检测血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性,并以84名服务行业人员为对照。[结果]锰暴露组MDA含量高于对照组,血清SOD、GSHPx活性低于对照组(P<0.01);MDA、SOD与作业场所空气锰浓度呈现一定的剂量反应关系。[结论]锰能使机体脂质过氧化增加,抗氧化氧能力下降,MDA、SOD可以作为锰中毒的早期敏感指标。     

镍染毒对小鼠脾脏的脂质过氧化损伤

目的从氧化应激角度探讨硫酸镍致小鼠脾脏脂质过氧化水平和抗氧化能力的变化。方法硫酸镍0．8，2．0，5．0mg／kg小鼠每日愎腔注射染毒，连续30d。制备脾脏组织匀浆，采用分光光度法测定脾脏总抗氧化能力(T—AOC)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量；黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力；用TBA法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果镍可抑制小鼠脾脏SOD活力，使T—AOC和GSH含量降低，MDA含量增加，并随染毒剂量增加，其效应逐渐增加。结论硫酸镍可致小鼠脾脏抗氧化能力下降，引起脂质过氧化损伤。     

Chronic effects of welding exposure on pulmonary function tests and respiratory symptoms.

OBJECTIVES--The respiratory effects of exposure to welding fumes have been investigated in numerous studies; but results of these studies have not been consistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the respiratory effects of welding exposure in a large group of manual are welders exposed primarily to mild steel welding processes in confined spaces without respiratory protection. METHODS--Respiratory symptoms and spirometry were studied in 110 welders and 55 controls. The welders and controls were of similar average age and height; smoking habits of the groups were similar. Chest x ray films were taken to exclude people with radiological abnormalities that may influence pulmonary function tests. Welders were grouped according to smoking habits and duration of employment (< 20 years or > 20 years). RESULTS--No gross radiological abnormalities were found. Respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis were more prevalent in welders (P < 0.05). Welders who were smokers showed a higher frequency of chronic bronchitis than controls who smoked (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the occurrence of chronic bronchitis was found between welders who smoked and welders who were non-smokers or exsmokers. Compared with the controls, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum midexpiratory flow (MMEF) were significantly lower in welders (mean values of FVC for welders and controls were 86.06 (25.74) and 96.40 (13.03); and values for FEV1 were 87.54 (13.70) and 95.36 (12.40) respectively; P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in pulmonary function tests between welders who were non-smokers and controls who were non-smokers; whereas FVC, FEV1, PEF, and MMEF were significantly lower in welders who smoked than controls who smoked (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in pulmonary function tests and occurrence of chronic bronchitis between welders with more or less than 20 years at work. CONCLUSION--Welders working in conditions of inadequate ventilation, have increased risk of chronic bronchitis and impairment of pulmonary function.     

Antioxidant enzymes and pulmonary function in steel mill welders

It is known that high levels of nitric oxide and ozone lead to disturbances of the balance between oxidants and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to investigate ventilatory parameters in relation to the antioxidant status measured as total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CT). The study group consisted of 94 welders, aged 41.2 +/- 10.0 years, employed in the Steel Mill in Kraków, Poland, and exposed to nitric oxides and ozone in concentrations exceeding the threshold limit values. The control group consisted of 115 unexposed healthy workers aged 40.8 +/- 10.2 years. All the subjects under study were smokers. Determination of ventilatory efficiency was based on a "flow-volume" curve and spirometry. TAS was measured using reagents from the Randox Laboratories Ltd, SOD according to Fridovich and CT with Aebi's method. It was found that in the group of welders, the concentrations of TAS, CT and SOD were lower compared to controls (TAS-1.15/1.33 mmol/ml; CT-18.1/28.4 m/gHb, SOD-767.6/855.6 U/gHb). The incidence of extreme obstructive pulmonary disease and small airway disease in the welder group was more frequent than in controls. Changes in the concentration (or activity) of antioxidant parameters cannot be used as early markers of ventilatory dysfunction, although the values in the lowest class of TAS, SOD and CT showed a significantly larger number of welders than controls.     

Lung function and clinical findings in a cross-sectional study of arc welders

Summary An epidemiological, cross-sectional study was conducted in order to assess non-neoplasic effects on the lung due to chronic exposure to arc welding fumes and gases. The study involved 346 arc welders and 214 control workers from a factory producing industrial vehicles. These workers (welders and controls) had never been exposed to asbestos. Respiratory impairments were evaluated by using a standardized questionnaire, a clinical examination, chest radiophotography and several lung function tests (spirometry, bronchial challenge test to acetylcholine, CO transfer tests according to the breath-holding and the steady-state methods, N₂ washout test). The only significant differences between the welders overall compared to the controls were a slightly higher bronchial hyper-reactivity to acetylcholine and a lower lung diffusing capacity for CO in the welders. However, non-specific, radiologic abnormalities (reticulation, micronodulation) and obstructive signs were more frequent in the most exposed welders (welding inside tanks) than in welders working in well ventilated workplaces. The nature of the metal welded (mild-steel, stainless steel, aluminium) did not seem to have an influence on respiratory impairments. In the mild-steel welders, respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, recurrent bronchitis) and obstructive signs were more frequent in the welders using a manual process than in the welders involved with the semi-automatic process (MIG). For all the workers (welders and controls), smoking had a markedly adverse effect on respiratory symptoms and lung function. Moreover, smoking seemed to interact with welding since CO lung transfer was more impaired in smoking welders than in smoking controls.     

饮食限制对大鼠抗氧化能力及端粒酶活性的影响

目的探讨饮食限制对成年大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及血液端粒酶活性的影响。方法 SD成年雌、雄性大鼠共48只,随机分为100%进食组(对照组)、80%进食组(限制20%组)、60%进食组(限制40%组)、50%进食组(限制50%组)4组,喂养90d。测量体重,测定血清SOD活性、MDA含量、T-AOC及端粒酶活性。结果除对照组大鼠体重增加外,限制20%组、限制40%组、限制50%组大鼠体重均明显下降(P<0.05)。各组大鼠SOD活性无明显区别;实验组大鼠限制20%组、限制40%组、限制50%组的MDA含量与对照组相比明显降低(P<0.05),限制20%组、限制40%组的T-AOC水平与对照组相比明显升高;端粒酶活性结果显示实验组与对照组相比均无明显变化。结论饮食限制可提高大鼠的抗氧化能力,但对端粒酶活性无明显影响。     

鲢鱼寡肽对高血脂大鼠脂质代谢的调节与抗氧化作用研究

目的 研究了鲢鱼寡肽(SOP)对高血脂Wistar大鼠的杭氧化和降血脂能力的影响.方法 采用灌胃高脂乳剂方法建立实验性高胆固醉血症大鼠模型,检测血清和肝脏的甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醉(TC)含量,分析血清和肝脏的抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和总杭氧化力.结果 SOP可以有效提高高血脂大鼠血清的TG水平(P<0.0...