肿瘤患者味觉改变体验及应对质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统评价肿瘤患者味觉改变体验及应对的质性研究,为制订针对性干预方案提供参考。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Embase、Scopus、ProQuest、中国知网、万方数据等数据库中有关肿瘤患者味觉改变体验及应对的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2022年4月。采用JBI循证卫生保健中心的质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,采取汇集性整合方法整合研究结果。 结果 纳入14篇文献,提炼出69个主题,归纳成5个类别,综合形成味觉改变体验的复杂多变、多元化的管理策略2个整合结果。 结论 肿瘤患者味觉改变复杂多变,负面影响患者的生活。护士应关注肿瘤患者味觉改变体验,给予持续、动态评估,加强健康教育,协助患者提高症状管理自我效能,提升味觉改变管理能力。     

心力衰竭患者运动康复促进和障碍因素的系统评价

目的 系统评价心力衰患者运动康复的促进和障碍因素,为患者实施针对性运动康复提供参考。方法 系统检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据、维普网、中国知网等中英文数据库中关于心力衰竭患者运动康复促进和障碍因素的质性研究、量性研究和混合性研究,时限为建库至2023年1月。根据文献纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选,由2名研究者独立进行数据提取和质量评价。以实施性研究综合框架的5个维度为基础,分析心力衰竭患者运动康复的促进和障碍因素。结果 共纳入19篇文献,2 576例心力衰竭患者。通过对纳入文献研究结果的提取,总结出心力衰竭患者运动康复15条促进因素、20条障碍因素,归纳为干预方案特征层面、外部因素层面、内部因素层面、个体特征层面和实施过程层面5个类别。结论 心力衰竭患者实施性研究综合框架5个维度中运动康复行为的促进和阻碍因素的确定,可为心力衰竭患者制定运动康复策略提供参考。建议采取多方面的策略,解决多个领域的因素,以促进心力衰竭患者开展运动康复。     

护士亲历患者自杀事件后真实体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统评价护士亲身经历患者自杀事件后真实体验的质性研究,为设计有效的应对策略提供依据.方法 检索Cochrane Library、Ovid、中国知网等数据库中护士亲历患者自杀后的质性研究.采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准对纳入文献的方法学进行质量评价,依据其汇集性整合方法进行结果整合.结果 共...     

成年癌症患者生育力保存决策体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统整合癌症患者生育力保存决策体验的质性研究,为辅助癌症患者做决策及改进现有决策支持体系提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Web of Science、PsycINFO、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库关于癌症患者生育力保存决策的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2022年8月。采用JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准对文献进行质量评价,采用Meta整合中汇集性整合方法对结果进行整合。结果 共纳入18篇文献,提炼出67个研究结果,将相似结果归纳成7个新的类别,并综合成3个整合结果：对生育力保存风险-收益的艰难权衡,紧迫决策下复杂的心理变化过程,决策过程的干扰。结论 医护人员及相关卫生机构应重视癌症患者生育力保存决策的心理体验和信息需求,优化决策程序、开发决策辅助方案,促进患者尽快完成决策。     

女性终末期肾病患者疾病体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统整合女性终末期肾病患者疾病体验，为医护人员优化过渡期护理，改善患者生活质量提供参考。 方法 计算机检索PsycINFO、PubMed、Embase、CINAHL和中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库，收集关于女性终末期肾病患者疾病体验的质性研究，检索时限为建库至2022年12月。运用JBI质性研究质量评价标准评价纳入文献的质量，采用汇集性整合方法对结果进行整合。 结果 共纳入8篇文献，提炼出28个完好明确的研究结果，将相似结果归纳为8个新的类别，并综合成3个整合结果：过渡期疾病体验、女性角色功能受损、妊娠风险决策。 结论 医护人员应重视女性终末期肾病患者疾病体验，优化过渡期护理，提升患者角色适应水平，改善育龄期患者妊娠决策辅助，最终提升患者长期生活质量。     

慢性肾脏病患者饮食管理体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 深入了解慢性肾脏病患者饮食管理过程的真实体验，以期为慢性肾脏病患者展开针对性的饮食干预提供依据。方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、ScienceDirect及中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等数据库从建库至2020年2月慢性肾脏病患者饮食管理相关的质性研究。根据澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价，采用汇集性整合的方法进行整合。结果 共纳入15篇文献，提炼63个结果，归纳形成9个类别，整合出3个结果，即慢性肾脏病饮食对患者造成的影响（疾病造成的饮食相关症状困扰、情感体验，生活限制和文化冲突）、应对方式（积极应对和消极应对）、需求（需要知识与技能、需要专业人员支持、需要家庭与朋友支持）。结论 慢性肾脏病饮食对患者身心、生活、社交等多方面造成一定影响，医务工作人员在患者饮食管理过程中应该重视患者的应对方式，情感体验与不同需求，针对患者需求，给予患者指导与帮助，以树立患者饮食管理信念，引导患者积极应对，提高慢性肾脏病饮食管理的有效性。     

脊髓损伤患者创伤后成长体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 对脊髓损伤患者创伤后成长体验的质性研究进行系统评价和Meta整合。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）等国内外数据库中关于脊髓损伤患者创伤后成长真实心理体验的质性研究文献。检索时限均为建库至2018年12月。采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准（2016）对文献进行评价,并采用汇集性整合方法对结果进行整合与分析。结果 综合分析后形成3个整合结果：脊髓损伤患者创伤后成长历程曲折,需要经历绝望中的挣扎、对自我存在意义的反思获得成长;个人资源、认知加工、参加有意义的活动和社会支持都是脊髓损伤患者创伤后成长的保护性因素;脊髓损伤患者在认知行为层面的应对策略。结论 医护人员、家属及社会应相互协作,挖掘患者个人有利资源,采取干预措施,提高患者创伤后成长水平,使其积极面对疾病及生活,力争早日重返社会。     

医务人员对患者参与患者安全知信行质性研究的Meta整合

目的评价医务人员对患者参与患者安全的知信行,为医务人员实施患者安全管理提供决策依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库关于医务人员对患者参与患者安全知信行的质性研究,检索时限从建库至2019年2月。采用2017版澳大利亚循证卫生保健中心质性研究评价标准(JBI-QARI)进行文献质量评价,采用汇集性整合方法进行Meta整合,对研究结果进行比较、分析、归纳、诠释和综合。结果共纳入8篇文献,提炼出50个研究结果,归纳形成9个类别,综合成为4个整合结果,分别为医务人员的认知观念、秉持的态度、情感体验、实践困境。结论医疗机构应高度重视医务人员对患者参与患者安全的知信行,促进医疗安全文化环境的构建,不断改进患者安全管理决策与实践,保障患者安全。     

我国护士作为第二受害者体验及支持需求的Meta整合

目的系统评价我国护士作为第二受害者的体验。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、Psyc INFO、Science Direct, CINAHL,中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2018年12月31日收录的相关质性研究。采用JBI循证卫生保健中心(2011)质性研究质量评价标准和质性研究资料提取工具(QARI Data Extraction Tools)进行文献质量评价和资料提取,使用汇集性整合方法进行结果整合。使用CERQual定性系统评价证据分级工具评价整合结果信度。结果共纳入13项研究,提取47个研究结果,归纳8个新的类别,得到3个整合结果:护士经历患者安全事件后表现出典型的第二受害者综合征(信度评级高级),护士缺乏应对患者安全事件不良影响的能力(信度评级中级),护士经历患者安全事件后得到的支持不足(信度评级中级)。结论我国护士作为第二受害者应对患者安全事件不良影响的能力不足,缺乏可靠支持体系。管理者应提高第二受害者认知,逐步开展相关教育培训,建立组织支持体系,促进护士身心健康和职业幸福。     

护理人员对慢性病移动健康管理体验的Meta整合

目的 系统评价护理人员利用移动健康进行慢性病管理的体验,为改善移动健康管理服务提供依据。方法 计算机检索Medline (Ovid)、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库,检索有关护理人员利用移动健康进行慢性病管理体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2023年2月。依据JBI质性研究质量评价标准评价文献质量,采用Meta整合方法对原始研究结果进行整合。结果 共纳入8篇文献,提炼出66个原始研究结果,归纳为10个新类别,综合为2个整合。护士使用移动健康进行慢性病管理感知益处;护士使用移动健康进行慢性病管理感知障碍。结论 移动健康有助于护理人员进行慢性病管理,但其使用仍存在一些障碍,应从移动健康的易用性、移动健康与传统管理手段的融合、健全相关制度保障等方面完善。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者心脏康复的清单制管理

目的 探讨清单制管理在急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者心脏康复中的应用效果.方法 将行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者572例按照随机数字表法分为干预组(n=279)及对照组(n=293).对照组采取常规管理模式,干预组应用清单制管理模式进行心脏康复护理,比较两组心脏功能改善情况、院内心血管事件发生情况及衰...     

Pulmonary valve replacement after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

In this review article, we describe pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) late after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Since the introduction of surgical intervention for patients with TOF in 1945, surgical management of TOF has dramatically improved early survival with mortality rates, less than 2–3%. However, the majority of these patients continue to experience residual right ventricular outflow tract pathology, most commonly pulmonary valve regurgitation (PR). The patients are generally asymptomatic during childhood and adolescence and, however, are at risk for severe PR later which can result in exercise intolerance, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. While it has been shown that PVR improves symptoms and functional status in these patients, the optimal timing and indications for PVR after repaired TOF are still debated. This article reviews the current state of management for the patient with PR after repaired TOF.     

Trajectories of health‐related quality of life among renal transplant patients associated with graft failure and symptom distress: Analysis of the BENEFIT and BENEFIT‐EXT trials

Understanding the correlation between transplant symptoms, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and graft outcomes is needed to support patient‐focused drug development and posttransplant management. A post‐hoc analysis of patient‐reported outcomes from the Phase III belatacept trials was conducted in order to investigate the interrelationship between trajectories of HRQoL, symptom experience, and allograft outcomes. HRQoL and symptom experience were evaluated using Short‐Form 36 Survey (SF‐36) and Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Distress Scale (MTSOSD‐59R), respectively. HRQoL was captured in 831 eligible renal transplant patients at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months posttransplant. Following transplantation, patients reported improvements in all SF‐36 subscales compared to baseline. Latent class analysis revealed four trajectories in perceived general health, which were associated with graft failure after adjustment. Compared to patients with good perceived health, patients with fair and poor perceived health had 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5‐14.8, P < .01) and 19.8 (95% CI 5.9‐66.0, P < .01) times the risk of graft failure, respectively. Using multinomial logistic regression, different sets of symptoms were associated with perceived general health at baseline and 12 months posttransplant. The study supports monitoring HRQoL and symptom experience to capture each patient's health perspective, improve drug development, and optimize posttransplant management.     

Phenotype Characterization and Course of Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Biventricular Advanced Heart Failure: A Report of 3 Cases

BackgroundArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) may be complicated by heart failure. Management of advanced heart failure in this context is challenging.MethodsWe reviewed our center's experience with advanced heart failure therapies in patients with ARVC. Three rapidly deteriorating patients with ARVC with biventricular heart failure were found. Their management and outcomes are presented. Data on ventricular fibrosis were available in 2 of them and are also included.ResultsThe first patient underwent initially successful paracorporeal pulsatile biventricular assist device (BiVAD) implantation. However, a large ischemic stroke occurred 2 weeks later, and the patient died after 2 months. The second patient underwent urgent BiVAD implantation after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support because of cardiogenic shock, but his course was complicated by multiorgan failure due to systemic infection and the patient died. The last patient, being at Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support 3-4 profile, underwent heart transplant with uneventful recovery. Extensive fibrosis was present in both ventricles of 2 patients undergoing pathology examination.ConclusionsPatients with ARVC and advanced biventricular heart failure are characterized by extensive ventricular fibrosis and considerable risk, but data on their management are limited. Biventricular circulatory support is associated with suboptimal outcomes, and prioritization for heart transplant seems preferable.     

基于智慧病房系统的智慧护理在呼吸与危重症医学科的实施

目的 探讨基于智慧病房系统的智慧护理在呼吸与危重症医学科的实施效果.方法 将呼吸与危重症医学科的一病区161例患者分为常规护理组,二病区160例患者分为智慧护理组;两组护士均为14人.常规护理组行常规护理;智慧护理组优化实施输液管理、健康教育、医嘱核对、诊疗护理信息查询、结构化护理文书书写、智能化护理质量管理等.实施2...     

Sauna: cardiac and vascular benefits and risks

Sauna bathing is a traditional activity in Finland that has become popular for the past decades in Europe and in the United States. However, it is still considered that patients with cardiovascular pathologies should avoid sauna bathing. Clinical studies have nevertheless showed that sauna was safe for patients with a stable heart condition (hypertension, coronary disease, stable controlled chronic heart failure). Besides, results from recent Japanese studies seem to point out potential benefits for patients with chronic congestive heart failure, but the results need confirmation.     

Interventional treatment of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma

Background/Purpose: Hemangioendothelioma is the most frequent liver tumor in infancy. Untreated symptomatic patients with heart failure have a high mortality rate. Symptomatic forms may request nonoperative treatment, because surgery is burdened with high risks in patients with heart failure. The authors report their experience with interventional coil occlusion of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHE).Methods: Four patients (age range, 2 to 146 days; mean, 53 days) suffering from IHE associated with heart failure were treated by endovascular coil occlusion of arterial feeders. Catheter intervention was performed via an arterial (n = 2) or venous (n = 2) approach.Results: Signs of heart failure resolved within 2 to 8 days after occlusion in 3 patients. Tumor regression could be observed sonographically within 4 weeks postinterventionally. In 3 children, tumor size was reduced from a mean of 544 mL (65 to 1,350) to a mean of 4 mL (2 to 6); Mean systolic peak velocity in the hepatic artery was decreased from 170 cm/s (140 to 200) before occlusion to 45 cm/s (36 to 70) during follow-up. In the fourth patient, endovascular intervention could not control a rapidly progressing hemangioendotheliomatosis, and finally a liver transplantation had to be performed.Conclusions: Interventional occlusion of feeding arteries in symptomatic IHE is a safe and effective alternative to early open surgery. The efficacy of endovascular intervention in multifocal tumors seems questionable.     

体外膜式氧合支持治疗失败原因的初步分析

目的总结体外膜式氧合（ECMO）支持治疗成人心脏病患者的临床经验,对辅助未成功患者的失败原因进行分析。方法2005年2月至2008年10月,应用ECMO救治58例成人心脏病患者,其中男42例,女16例;年龄44．8±17．6岁。ECMO辅助时间131．9±104．7h。冠心病24例（41．4％）,心肌病11例（19．0％）,心瓣膜病10例（17．20）,先天性心脏病9例（15．5％）。结果院内死亡22例,11例（50％）死于多器官功能衰竭,5例（22．7％）因心功能损害严重,使用ECMO亦无法维持有效循环死亡,其余患者因出血、严重肺动脉高压缺乏后续有效治疗手段等而死亡。ECMO辅助治疗前有心脏停搏和ECMO辅助期间仍出现肾功能不全需同期使用持续肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）,在死亡患者中的比率明显大于生存患者（45．5％vs．19．4％,40．9％vs．5．6％;P=0．043,0．001）。生存患者平均随访15．6个月。随访期间3例因再发心力衰竭而死亡,1例出院后死于神经系统并发症,其余32例心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论ECMO是救治急重症成人心肺功能衰竭的有效手段。在重要器官出现不可逆损害前及时建立ECMO辅助和积极有效地预防并发症发生,是进一步提高救治成功率的关键。ECMO辅助时仍出现肾功能不全需同期使用CRRT治疗以及在ECMO开始前经历过心脏停搏是提示预后不良的危险因素。     

感染性心内膜炎急诊外科治疗

目的　报告一组感染性心内膜炎病人行急诊外科治疗的经验。方法　 36例病人中 ,34例次 (94% )有赘生物 ,19例次 (5 2 % )瓣膜穿孔 ,2 9例次 (81% )严重瓣膜关闭不全 ,均在体外循环下行紧急外科手术 ,切除和清除感染瓣膜、组织、赘生物。用 0 2 %呋喃西林、先锋霉素溶液反复冲洗 ;置入机械瓣 ,矫治心内畸形。结果　 33例恢复出院 ,包括 2例术前因进行性充血性心力衰竭、休克 ,心跳骤停 ,在心肺复苏、呼吸机辅助下行急诊瓣膜置换手术者。 3例术后死亡 ,病死率为 8 3%。 1例死于心力衰竭及多器官功能衰竭伴III度房室传导阻滞 ,2例死于严重低心输出量综合征及急性肾功能衰竭。 36例术后病理证实为感染性心内膜炎。结论　感染性心内膜炎出现进行性充血性心力衰竭和感染不能控制时 ,赘生物需接受紧急外科手术治疗 ;紧急手术不会使感染灶扩散 ;置换瓣膜时可选用人工机械瓣膜     

Results of revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: In patients with coronary disease and poor left ventricular function, bypass grafting remains a surgical challenge. This study evaluates experience in 125 consecutive patients with ejection fraction less than 20% (study group). METHODS: Preoperative viability studies were not used for patient selection. Clinical data were prospectively collected. The average age of the study subjects was 59 +/- 9 years, and 112 (90%) were male. Most patients (108 [86%]) were in symptom class III or IV. Main indications for surgery included angina in 62 (50%), heart failure and angina in 36 (29%), heart failure in 9 (7%), ventricular arrhythmia in 2 (2%), and critical anatomy in 16 (13%). Significant mitral regurgitation was present in 48 (38%), and distal vessels were poorly visualized in 67 (54%). At surgery, temperature mapping guided an integrated approach to cold cardioplegia. Results in this group were compared with those obtained in case-matched control subjects receiving cardioplegia without temperature mapping (matched for age, sex, functional class, and urgency of operation). RESULTS: Hospital morbidity (intra-aortic balloon pump support) and mortality rates were significantly lower in the study group versus those of control subjects (15% vs 30%, P =. 004; and 4% vs 11%, P =.03, respectively). In study patients the 5-year actuarial survival was 72%. Among survivors, both anginal class and heart failure class improved significantly. By means of multivariate analysis, survival was adversely affected by older age, class IV symptoms, and poorly visualized distal vessels. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction without case selection on the basis of viability studies or visibility of distal vessels. Low hospital morbidity and mortality rates have been achieved when temperature mapping guides cardioplegia. Symptoms are improved in most patients, and long-term survival is encouraging.