以慢性咳嗽为主要表现的胃食管反流病患者的食管功能及反流特点

目的 通过对以慢性咳嗽为主要表现的胃食管反流病(GERD)患者行高分辨食管内压力-阻抗联合测定(MII-HRM)及24h联合多通道腔内阻抗-pH( MII-pH)监测的结果分析,探讨此类患者食管运动功能及胃食管反流的特点.方法 选取2010年3-11月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院就诊的19例GERD伴慢性咳嗽患者为研究对象.应用MII-HRM及24 h MII-pH监测系统测定上食管括约肌(UES)和下食管括约肌压力、食管体部蠕动功能、对液体和黏液性物质的传输功能、立位及卧位酸及非酸反流的次数、近端反流的次数、酸暴露时间、酸清除时间以及食团清除时间.以同期仅表现为典型胃食管反流症状的17例GERD患者作为对照,比较两组间食管运动功能以及胃食管反流参数的差异.结果 与仅表现为典型胃食管反流症状的GERD患者相比,以慢性咳嗽为主要表现的GERD患者的UES静息压力明显更低[(122.55 ±60.48)mm Hg比(86.37±41.35) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),P＜0.05],食管体部异常蠕动的比例更高[(9.47±15.63)％比(22.16±17.45)％,P＜0.05],食管体部对液体物质传输能力减低[(88.82±12.23)％比(71.68±23.06)％,P＜0.05],卧位时酸及非酸反流次数及卧位近端非酸反流次数明显增多(P＜0.05),卧位食团清除时间延长(P＜0.05).结论 以慢性咳嗽为主要表现的GERD发病机制可能与单纯典型GERD不同,其与UES静息压力减低、卧位酸及非酸反流、近端反流的增多以及食管清除功能障碍密切相关.     

伴特发性肺纤维化的胃食管反流病患者夜间酸暴露特点

背景:胃食管反流是特发性肺纤维化(IPF)发生的危险因素之一,夜间反流在胃食管反流病(GERD)食管外表现中起重要作用。目的:研究伴IPF的GERD患者夜间食管酸暴露的特点。方法:选取2006年12月～2008年1月北京朝阳医院收治的16例IPF-GERD患者、32例GERD患者和16例健康志愿者(非GERD)。各组患者行24 h食管pH监测,对夜间8 h内(10pm-6am)的酸暴露程度,包括pH4的时间百分比、酸清除时间、反流次数、长反流(5 min)次数、最长反流时间等指标进行分析。结果:14例(87.5%)IPF-GERD患者存在夜间酸暴露,其程度高于非GERD组(P0.05),而与GERD患者无明显差异(P0.05)。IPF-GERD组患者前半夜pH4的时间百分比显著高于后半夜(12.2%±3.9%对1.1%±0.5%,P0.05),GERD组两者无明显差异(10.8%±2.7%对5.1%±1.8%,P0.05)。结论:大部分IPF-GERD患者存在夜间酸暴露,其主要发生于前半夜。     

反流性食管炎与非糜烂性反流病食管酸暴露的特点比较

目的　比较反流性食管炎 (RE)与非糜烂性反流病 (NERD)各亚组食管酸暴露特点。方法　具有典型反酸 烧心等症状的 12 8例患者 ,经胃镜等系统检查诊断为胃食管反流病 (GERD)。便携式 pH监测仪行胃食管 2 4hpH监测 ,DeMeester积分≥ 15分为存在病理性酸反流。 结果　 12 8例患者中 ,37例 (2 8 9% )存在RE ,91例 (71 1% )为NERD。pH监测阳性在RE组和NERD组中分别为 2 5例 (6 7 6 % )和 4 6例 (5 0 5 % ) ,差异无统计学意义 ;两组DeMeester积分均值差异亦无统计学意义 (5 3 4 5± 6 2 0 4比 4 0 0 4± 6 1 80 ,P >0 0 5 )。RE组长反流次数显著高于NERD组 (8 16±10 2 7比 3 96± 6 87,P =0 0 0 4 )。以症状指数 >5 0 %为阳性 ,NERD阳性组 (pH值监测异常 )症状指数阳性率显著高于NERD阴性组 (pH值监测正常 ) (43 5 %比 15 6 % ,P <0 0 0 1)。NERD阴性组中具有阳性症状指数的患者 7例 (15 6 % ) ,阴性症状指数者 38例。前者总反流次数及立位反流时间百分比显著高于后者。RE患者中 ,12例 pH监测阴性者食管及胃内pH的中位值显著高于 pH监测阳性者。结论　RE患者长反流发生率高于NERD患者 ;症状的发生与酸反流相关 ;NERD患者根据酸反流与症状关系可分为不同的亚组。RE阴性组可能存在混合反流或胆汁反流     

Barrett食管、反流性食管炎和非糜烂性胃食管反流病的反流物特点

目的应用食管24 h pH-阻抗(MII-pH)等检查方法,分析具有胃食管反流病(GERD)典型症状、并且食管MII-pH检查结果异常的GERD患者,比较分析其各亚型,即Barrett食管(BE)、反流性食管炎(RE)和非糜烂性胃食管反流病(NERD)患者的胃食管反流特点。 方法入选具有典型胃食管反流症状(烧心/反流),并且食管24 h MII-pH检查结果异常的GERD患者,根据内镜检查结果分为BE、RE、NERD三组,收集患者24 h的食管pH-阻抗信息,应用SPSS16.0统计软件进行组间Mann Whitney检验、多因素方差分析,P< 0.05认为具有统计学差异。 结果共入组103例具有典型反流症状且MII-pH监测阳性的GERD患者,其中有15例BE患者、32例RE患者、56例NERD患者。三组患者的平均年龄、性别构成、以及BMI无显著差异性。将三组患者的各项胃食管反流指标数值进行Mann-Whitney检验,显示RE、BE患者的DeMeester评分、pH<4反流时间百分比、长反流周期数显著高于NERD患者,具有显著性差异。BE患者的反流周期数显著多于RE和NERD患者,具有显著性差异。阻抗相关指标在三组患者之间均没有统计学差异。 结论与NERD相比,酸反流对于RE和BE具有更重要的致病意义。     

GerdQ量表在胃食管反流病诊断中的应用

目的探讨胃食管反流病量表(GerdQ)应用于诊断胃食管反流病(GERD)的价值。 方法对2013年6月至2014年10月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院就诊收住并存在反流相关症状的疑似胃食管反流病的1 000例患者进行问卷调查,按照烧心、反流、上腹痛、恶心、睡眠障碍、是否服用OTC药物等6项症状的发作频率进行评分。采用上消化道内镜检查及食管24 h pH监测作为GERD诊断的标准,并与GerdQ分值进行比较,最后计算出诊断GERD的临界值,进而分析GerdQ量表在GERD中的诊断价值。 结果GERD组的GerdQ积分主要集中于7～12分,非GERD组主要集中于6分以下,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以GerdQ分值8为临界值,Youden指数最大(0.51),ROC曲线下的面积0.765,其敏感度为81.32%,特异性为70.21%,阳性预测值83.24%,阴性预测值61.53%。 结论GerdQ量表简单、易行,可作为临床上筛查诊断GERD的有效方法。     

无效食管运动与胃食管反流病关系的探讨

目的 探讨无效食管运动(IEM)与胃食管反流病(GERD)的关系.方法 对90例GERD全部进行胃镜检查并做食管压力测定和24h食管动态pH监测,其中反流性食管炎(RE)组62例,非糜烂性反流病(NERD)组28例.研究IEM与食管酸暴露及RE的关系.结果 RE组中确诊IEM 30例(48.4％)明显高于NERD组6例(21.4％)(P＜0.05).36例IEM患者33例(91.7％)食管酸暴露阳性,高于食管动力正常患者( 28/49,57.2％)(P＜0.01);远端食管pH ＜4总反流时间、卧位反流时间百分比、＞5 min长反流周期数、最长反流时间、DeMeester评分IEM者明显高于食管动力正常者(P＜0.01),反流周期数前者明显高于后者(P＜0.05).结论 IEM在GERD中较常见,其食管动力障碍中绝大多数为IEM,IEM与食管远端酸暴露及RE密切相关.     

胃食管反流病中非酸反流的比例及其与烧心的关系

目的 应用食管联合阻抗-pH监测技术探讨胃食管反流病中非酸反流的比例及其与烧心的相关程度.方法 选取消化专科门诊以烧心为主诉的连续病例,通过上消化道内镜将上述患者分为糜烂性食管炎(EE)组和非糜烂性反流病(NERD)组,并进一步通过24 h食管多通道腔内阻抗-pH监测及雷贝拉唑试验性治疗予以确诊.比较两组的联合阻抗-pH监测指标.结果 EE组36例,NERD组62例.两组患者酸反流次数、酸反流时间百分比差异有统计学意义(P值分别=0.001和0.002).EE组和NERD组中非酸反流次数的百分比分别为37.3%(663/1777)和44.3%(1220/2754),差异有统计学意义(x=21.723,P=0.000).EE组酸反流烧心症状指数阳性、非酸反流烧心症状指数阳性及总反流烧心症状指数阳性的百分比分别为36.1%(13/36)、19.4%(7/36)和55.6%(20/36),NERD组则为27.4%(17/62)、6.4%(4/62)和33.8%(21/62).结论 EE组和NERD组患者中非酸反流次数的比例分别为37.3%及44.3%,非酸反流与烧心关系密切.     

胃食管反流病问卷评分对胃食管反流病患者食管酸暴露的预测意义

目的 确定胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)症状评分能否反映胃食管反流病(GERD)患者由24 h食管动态pH监测显示的酸暴露情况,进一步验证GerdQ的临床应用价值.方法 纳入2008年11月至2010年3月因烧心等上消化道症状就诊的门诊GERD病例134例,均完成胃镜检查、24 h食管动态pH监测和GerdQ量表.根据...     

胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术对食管中段癌患者术后胃食管反流的影响

目的探讨胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术对食管中段癌术后患者胃食管反流的影响。 方法选取2015年9月至2017年3月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院并行食管癌切除术31例食管中段癌患者的临床资料。根据手术方式分为2组,即接受胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术15例（观察组）,接受胃食管吻合术16例（对照组）,术后2周待患者恢复正常的胃肠道功能后采用pH动态监测仪对其进行24 h pH监测,术后1、3、6、12个月依据胃食管反流病调查问卷（GerdQ）对患者的胃食管反流相关症状进行评分,比较2组患者术后胃食管反流发生情况。 结果2组患者均未出现死亡病例,且术后均未发生有吻合口瘘及胸胃排空障碍等并发症;观察组患者术后2周24 h酸反流次数显著少于对照组、最长酸反流时间和pH值<4的总时间短于对照组,DeMeester评分显著低于对照组,组间比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组术后3、6、12个月胃食管反流病调查问卷（GerdQ）评分显著低于对照组,组间比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术对食管癌切术后的胃食管反流病情起到更为理想的控制效果,为食管中段癌患者术中吻合术式的选择提供一定参考价值。     

非糜烂性胃食管反流病患者的反流事件研究

[目的]研究非糜烂性胃食管反流病(NERD)患者的胃食管反流事件,为进一步探讨NERD发病机制和有效治疗提供临床依据。[方法]68例NERD患者进行食管阻抗-pH监测,根据监测结果、症状指数,分为病理性酸反流(PAR)组、功能性烧心(FH)组、高敏性食管(HE)组,比较3组间反流事件的差异,研究反流与症状之间的相关性。[结果]PAR组总反流次数、酸反流次数、混合反流次数均高于FH组、HE组;HE组总反流次数、弱酸反流次数、混合反流次数、非酸反流次数均高于FH组;各组近段反流次数比较差异无统计学意义。68例中35例(51.5%)SI和(或)SAP呈阳性,其中50%的症状与弱酸反流相关,40%的症状与酸反流相关,少部分症状与非酸反流相关。[结论]PAR、FH、HE患者的食管阻抗-pH监测结果存在差异,可为临床鉴别诊断和治疗提供一定的依据。     

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Trends in Diagnostic Interpretation Criteria

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is becoming recognized as a clinical entity with a variety of presentations distinct from those of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, much uncertainty remains as to what is considered pathologic versus physiologic reflux. The aim of the study was to determine the normal range of pharyngeal reflux (PR) occurring in healthy adults based on pH-monitoring parameters utilized in the DeMeester scoring system for GERD. We have reviewed the current pool of prospective literature examining ambulatory dual-channel pH-monitoring study data derived from hypopharyngeal proximal probes in normal adults. From our review we have identified trends in several monitoring parameters based on the DeMeester scoring system for GERD. Our discussion recognizes and accepts the limitations imposed by small sample sizes and the number of healthy individuals that would be required to determine the general adult physiologic range of PR. We also explore the possible need for separate normal PR reference intervals based on age or gender disparities. Additional discussion and the summary address future directions for LPR research notably, (1) identification of the most appropriate research paradigm for LPR (i.e., pH 4 vs. 5), (2) establishing reproductibility for the appropriate LPR research paradigm, and (3) complementary modalities to ambulatory dual-channel pH monitoring for the study of acid and nonacid bolus movement within the esophagus     

酸和胆汁反流与胃食管反流症状的关系

目的 分析酸反流及胆汁反流在引起胃食管反流症状中的作用。方法 对56例有典型反流症状的患者进行24小时食管内pH值及BiHtee胆汁同步监测。患者通过症状按键标记典型反流症状，对每一症状事件按症状发生前2分钟内食管最低pH值和最高胆红素光吸收值，分别计算症状与酸反流或胆汁反流事件的相关性，得出每一例患者的酸反流相关症状指数(Sla)及胆汁反流相关症状指数(SIb)。结果 56例患者中共发生典型症状事件357次。其中大部分症状(37．25％)与酸反流有关，仅7．56％的症状与单纯胆汁反流有关。反流性食管炎组(RE)亚组的243次症状事件中，105次(43．21％)事件与酸反流相关，而21次(8．64％)与胆汁反流有关。两种症状相关指数均值比较差异有显著性。结论 胃食管反流症状事件与酸反流的相关性明显高于胆汁反流，胆汁反流在引起典型食管症状方面似乎不起主要作用。     

Extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms are not more frequently associated with proximal esophageal reflux than typical GERD symptoms

Extraesophageal (EE) symptoms such as cough and throat clearing are common in patients referred for reflux testing, but are less commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients with reflux associated EE symptoms often lack typical GERD symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. Our aim was to compare the frequency of proximal esophageal reflux between esophageal (typical) symptoms and EE (atypical) symptoms. Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) tracings were blinded by an investigator so that symptom markers were relabeled with a number without disclosure of symptom type. We selected 40 patients with at least five reflux‐related symptom events for one of four symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation, cough, or throat clearing). A blinded investigator analyzed all 200 reflux episodes, reporting the proximal esophageal extent of the reflux for all symptoms. The percentage of symptom‐related reflux extending proximally to 17 cm above the LES was similar among all four symptom types. At least 50% of all symptoms were associated with proximal esophageal reflux to 17 cm, with regurgitation having the highest frequency at 60%. Our data indicate that EE symptoms are not more frequently associated with proximal esophageal reflux than typical esophageal symptoms.     

Determinants of Abnormal Supine Reflux in 24-Hour pH Recordings

A previous study showed that supine gastroesophageal reflux occurs mainly in the early nighttime period and is greater if the patient retires within 2 hr of a meal. We analyzed 306 consecutive esophageal pH studies between January and July 2003. Ninety-two patients had abnormal supine reflux. The recumbent period was divided into quarters (Q1–Q4) and reflux parameters were calculated for each period. Reflux was maximal in Q1, and decreased progressively from Q1 to Q4 (P<0.001). Median time between evening meal and retiring was no different from that for 44 upright gastroesophageal reflux patients. Patients retiring within 2 hr of a meal had a higher percentage supine reflux time (P=0.012), but no increase in reflux was observed in those retiring within 3 hr. Supine reflux occurs maximally in the early nighttime period. Although not fully explained as a postprandial phenomenon, these patients should avoid going to bed within 3 hr of a meal.     

Acid and Non-Acid Reflux Patterns in Patients with Erosive Esophagitis and Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD): A Study Using Intraluminal Impedance Monitoring

Background Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive esophagitis (EE) are the most common phenotypic presentations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Aim To assess acid and non-acid reflux patterns in patients with EE and NERD using combined esophageal pH-impedance monitoring. Methods A total of 26 GERD patients off acid-suppressive medication and ten healthy volunteers (HV) underwent upper endoscopy and 24-h pH-impedance monitoring. Analysis of the pH-impedance signals included total reflux time, number of reflux episodes according to gas–liquid composition, and pH (acid, non-acid). Results EE was identified in 13 patients and NERD in 13 patients. Pathologic acid reflux was found in 92.3 and 69.2% of patients with EE and NERD, respectively (P = 0.15). When compared to HV, EE patients and NERD patients showed a higher incidence of acid (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, EE vs. HV and NERD vs. HV, respectively) and non-acid reflux episodes (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, EE vs. HV and NERD vs. HV, respectively). Mean reflux times, as assessed by both pH-metry and impedance monitoring, and incidence of acid and non-acid reflux episodes were similar in EE and NERD patients. In the supine position, however, EE patients showed a higher incidence of acid (P = 0.048) and liquid reflux episodes (P = 0.07). Conclusion Whereas EE patients have more acid reflux episodes in the supine position than NERD patients, patients with EE and NERD have similar non-acid reflux patterns. This observation lends support to the notion that non-acid reflux is less damaging to the esophageal mucosa than acid reflux.     

胆汁反流检测在胃食管反流病诊断中的意义

目的研究食管胆汁反流的发生情况,探讨其与酸、碱反流的关系及其对胃食管反流病（ＧＥＲＤ）的诊断意义。方法应用便携式２４小时ｐＨ监测仪及胆汁监测仪同步检测反流性食管炎（ＲＥ）、胃切除术后者及健康志愿者共３４例的食管内２４小时ｐＨ变化及胆汁反流情况。结果ＲＥ组食管酸暴露时间比对照组及胃手术后组均显著增加。各组间ｐＨ＞８总时间百分比结果相似,均较低。食管胆汁反流用胆红素吸收值≥０．１４的时间百分比表示,以胃手术后组为最高,ＲＥ其次,二组均较对照组明显为高。食管胆汁反流与酸暴露时间之间密切相关（ｒ＝０．７５,Ｐ＜０．０５）。６３．６％的ＲＥ患者同时存在酸及胆汁反流。结论食管胆汁反流并不少见,可与酸反流同时存在,其在ＧＥＲＤ的发生过程中起一定作用。同步动态检测食管内ｐＨ值及胆汁对ＧＥＲＤ的诊断有重要意义。     

Prevalence of bile reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients not responsive to proton pump inhibitors

AIM： To determine the prevalence and characteristics of bile reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） patients with persistent symptoms who are nonresponsive to medical therapy. METHODS： Sixty-five patients （40 male, 25 female; mean age, 50±7.8 years） who continued to report symptoms after 8 wk of high-dose proton pump inhibitor （PPI） therapy, as well as 18 patients with Barrett＇s esophagus, were studied. All patients filled out symptom questionnaires and underwent endoscopy, manometry and combined pH-metry and bilimetry. RESULTS： There were 4 groups of patients： 22 （26.5%） without esophagitis, 24 （28.9%） grade A-B esophagitis, 19 （22.8%） grade C-D and 18 （21.6%） Barrett＇s esophagus. Heartburn was present in 71 patients （85.5%） and regurgitation in 55 （66.2%）, with 44 （53%） reporting simultaneous heartburn and regurgitation. The prevalence of pathologic acid reflux in the groups without esophagitis and with grades A-B and C-D esophagitis was 45.4%, 66.6% and 73.6%, respectively. The prevalence of pathologic bilirubin exposure in these 3 groups was 53.3%, 75% and 78.9%, respectively. The overall prevalence of bile reflux in non-responsive patients was 68.7%. Pathologic acid and bile reflux was observed in 22.7% and 58.1% of non-esophagitic patients and esophagitic patients, respectively.CONCLUSION： The high percentage of patients poorly responsive to PPI therapy may result from poor control of duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Many patients without esophagitis have simultaneous acid and bile reflux, which increases with increasing esophagitis grade.     

长期胆汁反流对大鼠胃黏膜的影响

目的研究长期胆汁反流对大鼠胃黏膜的影响.方法反流组大鼠91只,于胆总管开口水平以下横断十二指肠,并将前胃与空肠吻合,建立胆汁反流大鼠模型,对照组大鼠12只未手术,1年后予胃部病理检查.结果反流组大鼠13只存活满1年.大鼠前胃鳞状上皮基底细胞增生,黏膜下血管增多、扩张、充血,黏膜基底部和黏膜下中、重度慢性炎症,呈轻度活动性.腺胃胃体小凹增生,泌酸腺底部扩张,黏膜表层轻度慢性炎症,无活动性,黏膜基底部和黏膜下轻度慢性炎症,活动性为轻度.胃窦小凹增生,1只大鼠呈轻度不典型增生,1只有高分化管状腺癌伴黏膜下层骨化生,黏膜基底部和黏膜下轻度慢性炎症,无活动性.结论长期胆汁反流能导致腺胃柱状上皮和前胃鳞状上皮增生,并逐渐加重,终具有致癌作用.