后路截骨联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的探讨经后路截骨联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形疗效。方法对26例僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者进行后路截骨、椎弓根内固定矫形。8例行后路Ponte截骨,13例行椎弓根截骨术(PSO)联合Ponte截骨,5例行全椎体切除术(VCR)。比较患者术前、术后和末次随访时Cobb角的变化及C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离的变化。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~60个月。侧凸Cobb角:术前30°~135°(90.7°±30.6°),术后12°~30°(18°±5.6°),矫正率为82.5%,末次随访13°~32°(20°±5.8°),丢失4.3%;后凸Cobb角:术前20°~60°(40.6°±18.5°),术后10°~26°(16.8°±6.2°),矫正率为85%,末次随访13°~30°(20.5°±7.0°),丢失3.7%;C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离:术前3.8~6.5(5.1±1.3)cm,术后0.3~1.3(0.7±0.3)cm,末次随访0.4~1.7(0.8±0.3)cm。所有患者未发生神经损伤等并发症,仅1例患者术后3个月出现内固定松动,经延长固定节段后骨性融合。结论术前充分的评估,选择合适的后路截骨方式,联合椎弓根内固定矫形治疗僵硬性脊柱侧弯,能有效矫正畸形和恢复脊柱冠、矢状面平衡。     

后路矫形固定融合治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的疗效分析

[目的]回顾性分析15例先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形经后路矫形植骨固定矫正术的治疗效果。[方法]2002年7月～2008年8月,先天性脊柱侧后凸患者15例,男8例,女7例;平均年龄11.6岁。术前拍摄站立位的脊柱正侧位X线片及左右Bending位X线片、CT及全脊柱MRI;其中,先天性半椎体11例,Chiari畸形/脊髓空洞症3例,神经纤维瘤病1例。侧凸Cobb’s角平均78°(35°～156°),后凸平均25°(15°～38°)。对于先天性半椎体引起脊柱侧后凸畸形的患者9例行后路经椎弓根半椎体切除、椎弓根螺钉(美国,史赛克)固定术,2例行后路长节段矫形卢氏环内固定融合术;对于Chiari畸形/脊髓空洞症的3例及神经纤维瘤病1例患者行后路长节段矫形代偿弯固定融合术。[结果]平均手术时间5.5h(3.5～7.5h);平均术中出血850ml(300～2100ml);平均随访43个月(10～82个月),术后侧凸平均28°(11°～38°),矫正率64%;术后后凸平均16°(7°～33°),矫正率36%,均骨性融合;1例神经纤维瘤病患者术中发生大出血,经大量输血后,病情平稳。长期随访发现内固定断裂3例,曲轴现象2例,但无其他术后并发症发生。[结论]先天性脊柱侧后突畸形是复杂的骨骼神经肌肉系统疾病,应针对不同的病因采用个体化治疗方案;其中,半椎体切除短节段椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合对先天性半椎体畸形是有效、安全的方法。     

后路半椎体切除内固定矫治先天性脊柱侧后凸

目的评价后路一期半椎体切除椎弓根钉矫形治疗先天性半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸的临床效果。方法11例患者,平均年龄9.3岁,4例位于胸椎,5例位于腰椎,均为完全分节型,手术采用后路一期半椎体切除,椎弓根器械矫形并植骨融合。结果手术固定节段2-7个椎体,平均3.3个椎体。术后随访6-30个月,平均14.5个月。全脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb角由术前平均41.15°矫正至15.35°,平均矫正率61.53％,矢状面Cobb角由术前平均34.15°矫正至13.26°,平均矫正率60.27％,顶椎偏移由术前25.34mm矫正至11.46mm,最后随访时侧凸和后凸Cobb角平均分别为16.86°和14.08°,与术后相比无纠正丢失。无任何手术并发症,无内固定断裂脱落,均融合。结论一期后路半椎体切除椎弓根器械矫形是治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸安全、有效的术式,能够获得满意的矫正。     

切除椎弓根的楔形截骨术治疗脊柱后凸或侧后凸临床效果观察

[目的]探讨单纯后路切除顶椎椎弓根的楔形截骨技术治疗脊柱后凸或者脊柱侧后凸的临床疗效及其注意事项.[方法]对17例脊柱后凸或侧后凸患者予以后路切除顶椎椎弓根的楔形截骨,畸形严重患者在椎体间置入融合器,术中唤醒试验观察脊髓功能.术后观察患者的外形,拍摄X线片并进行测量,评估脊柱的矫形效果.[结果]10例青少年脊柱侧后凸患者,术前脊柱侧凸主弯冠状面Cobb角平均为75°(62°～95°),术后矫正率为60%(48%～73%),后凸平均Cobb角为83°(74°～92°),术后矫正率为51%(41%～69%),手术前冠状面失衡约21 mm,术后为9 mm.胸腰段后凸7例,术前为45°(32°～75°),术后为5°(0～17°),术后矫正率为89%(74%～100%).无切口感染及假关节发生病例.[结论]采用单纯后路切除顶椎椎弓根的楔形截骨技术治疗脊柱后凸或者脊柱侧后凸临床效果较好,但术前术中应准确评估脊髓功能,注意截骨限度.     

术中三维影像脊柱导航引导半椎体切除及椎弓根螺钉置入矫治儿童先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的:探讨术中实时三维影像脊柱导航引导下后路椎弓根螺钉置入及半椎体切除矫治儿童先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法:自2010年5月~2013年4月,对18例儿童先天性半椎体脊柱侧后凸畸形患者进行术中实时三维影像脊柱导航引导下进行脊柱矫形手术。其中,男7例,女11例,年龄7.6±2.9岁。术中在实时三维影像脊柱导航引导下经后路置入椎弓根螺钉并切除半椎体后进行矫形。术后通过CT评价椎弓根螺钉位置及半椎体切除情况,术前、术后摄脊柱正侧位X线片,评价矫形效果。结果:手术时间216±55min,术中出血量732±378ml。18例患者共置入椎弓根螺钉127枚(4~12枚/例)。术后CT证实124枚椎弓根螺钉位置准确,置钉准确率97.6%;1枚椎弓根螺钉穿破椎弓根内侧皮质,2枚椎弓根螺钉穿破椎弓根外侧皮质。1例出现椎弓根螺钉切割,1例出现血气胸,置入胸腔闭式引流。无神经损伤并发症病例,无螺钉误置而引起的并发症。术后CT证实18例患者半椎体均完整切除。18例中有16例获得随访,随访时间18.5±8.0个月。16例术前测量冠状面节段性侧凸Cobb角44.5°±11.4°,术后为9.3°±4.7°,末次随访时为9.7°±5.0°,矫正率为(78.2±7.8)%。节段性后凸Cobb角术前测量为32.2°±7.3°,术后为7.2°±3.5°,末次随访节时为7.7°±3.9°,矫正率为(76±9.4)%。侧凸及后凸矫正与术前相比均有统计学意义(P0.01)。末次随访时16例患者均获得骨性融合。结论:术中实时三维影像脊柱导航引导经后路矫治先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形半椎体切除完整,置入椎弓根螺钉准确率高,安全性高,畸形矫正效果满意。     

单纯后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸

目的 探讨单纯后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果.方法 回顾性研究采用后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸11例,对于重度僵硬的病例结合后路广泛松解.依据患者的影像学资料,并发症的发生情况等评估临床效果.结果 脊柱侧凸的主弯平均Cobb角为74°(62°～95°),术后矫正率为60%(48%～73%).后凸平均Cobb角为52°(40°～72°),术后矫正率为51%(41%～69%),手术前的冠状面失衡约19mm,术后为8mm,手术无任何严重并发症发生.结论 单纯后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸疗效满意,对于重度僵硬的病例后路广泛松解效果较好.     

马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸的手术矫治

目的评价脊柱后路矫形内固定植骨融合术治疗马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸患者12例,进行脊柱后路矫形内固定植骨融合术,术前脊柱侧凸主弯Cobb角62°~90°(71°±6°)。结果手术时间3.4~4.8(4.2±0.4)h,出血量550~920(690±117)m l。全部患者均获随访,时间0.9~4.8年,未发生神经及其它系统并发症。术后主弯Cobb角24°~37°(29°±3°),矫正率51%~65%(59%±4%),植骨全部融合,无假关节形成及断钉、脱钩发生。结论脊柱后路矫形内固定植骨融合术治疗马凡综合征合并脊柱侧凸,对侧凸矫形疗效满意。     

先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨半椎体切除后采用平移技术及悬梁臂技术治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的有效性.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月~2010年1月于本院行手术治疗的先天性脊柱侧后凸患儿24例,男11例,女13例;年龄为6~14岁,平均10.3岁.均于全麻下接受半椎体切除联合内固定矫正脊柱侧后凸畸形,记录患者的手术时间、出血量,术后侧凸角和后凸角的矫正率及末次随访时丢失率.结果 所有患者均获随访,平均随访14个月,手术时间 （148±25） min,手术出血量 （760±85） mL.11例患者置入4对椎弓根螺钉,8例患者置入5对椎弓根螺钉,5例患者置入6对椎弓根螺钉,平均置入4.75对.侧凸Cobb角术前为52.7°±6.2°,术后为9.4°±2.3°,矫正率为82.2%,末次随访时为10.2°±1.2°,矫正丢失率为8.5%.后凸Cobb角术前为30.2°±5.3°,术后为7.2°±1.4°,矫正率为76.2%,末次随访时为7.7°±1.0°,矫正丢失率为6.9%.随访期间未发生内固定物相关并发症,无曲轴现象出现.结论 半椎体切除联合内固定矫形是治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的理想方法,应用平移及悬梁臂技术可显著矫正脊柱侧后凸畸形.     

后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸畸形的中期疗效分析

目的探讨后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗非嵌顿型半椎体导致的先天性脊柱侧凸畸形的矫形效果、安全性及并发症情况。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2015-01采用后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗的16例先天性脊柱侧凸畸形。结果 16例均获得随访,随访时间平均55(39~76)个月。术后即刻主侧凸Cobb角、上代偿性侧凸Cobb角、下代偿性侧凸Cobb角、节段后凸Cobb角较术前明显改善,但末次随访时主侧凸Cobb角、下代偿性侧凸Cobb角、节段后凸Cobb角矫正度数较术后即刻出现丢失,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术前后胸椎后凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸畸形安全有效,能直接去除致畸因素,获得牢靠的固定、良好的畸形矫正及脊柱平衡,而且手术时机越早,矫形效果越好。     

胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫正术

目的评价胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正术的临床效果。方法1998年1月~2004年1月,76例胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受前路选择性矫正融合术。患者共76例,男19例,女57例,平均年龄为16.2岁(13~27岁)。按照Lenke分型,Ⅴ型41例,Ⅵ型35例。其中Lenke Ⅴ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均51.3°(38°~65°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均35.5°(23°~41°);Lenke Ⅵ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均53.4°(46°~68°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均39.2°(27°~51°)。所有患者均接受侧前路矫正选择性胸腰段融合。术后以及随访中对胸腰段侧凸矫正以及胸段代偿矫正情况进行分析对比,同时采用SRS-22评分评价患者手术前后的功能状况。结果患者均安全完成手术,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均随访2年以上(2~5年)。Lenke Ⅴ型组术后胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均11.2°(3°~15°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均8.3°(2°~11°),最终随访时分别为13.2°(5°~17°)和10.1°(4°~15°),无躯干冠状面失代偿发生;LenkeⅥ型组术后Cobb角平均16.3°(8°~21°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均13.7°(11°~19°),最终随访时分别为17.5°(11°~24°)和15.2°(14°~21°);仅1例发生躯干冠状面失代偿,但不需要进一步治疗。两组之间无统计学差异。所有患者均在术后以及最终随访时填写了SRS-22评分表,结果显示两组患者均对治疗结果表示满意。结论胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正、选择性融合可以获得良好矫正,术后胸段弯曲能够获得较好的代偿矫正,并在远期随访中维持矫正效果和躯干冠状面的平衡。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。