Crowe Ⅲ及Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术的软组织松解与平衡探讨

目的探讨分步髋周软组织松解与平衡重建髋臼后,行全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗成人CroweⅢ～Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的效果。方法2001年1月至2006年1月,对29例（31髋）CroweⅢ～Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良患者行THA,其中男性7例,女性22例,患者平均年龄53岁（38～65岁）。CroweⅢ型22髋,Ⅳ型9髋,Harris评分术前平均42．6分。全部患者均为手术外侧人路,采用分步髋周软组织松解延长患肢,真臼位置重建髋臼后,行THA。结果患肢延长2．5～4．5cm,1例因髋臼外展角稍大出现术后脱位。29例患者术后随访1～5年,平均3．2年。Harris评分术后平均85．4分,关节疼痛缓解,活动功能满意,元假体松动和翻修病例。结论在重度髋关节发育不良THA中,通过有效的软组织松解和平衡,在真臼位置重建关节,可以最大程度地恢复患髋解剖形态和生理功能。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节脱位继发骨性关节炎

目的 分析全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗成人发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)伴骨性关节炎的经验、方法及疗效.方法 采用THA治疗成人DDH伴骨性关节炎患者24例(26髋),手术均采用非骨水泥的人工关节,髋臼的骨覆盖率70%,术中9例行转子下截骨术.结果 术后切口均一期愈合,无脱位及神经损伤等并发症,Ⅳ型患者术前患肢短缩均显著改善,平均0.9 cm.所有患者均获得随访,时间12～78个月,Harris 评分平均术前为45分,术后为85.5分.结论 THA是治疗DDH伴骨性关节炎的有效方法,术前周密的计划、术中根据需要考虑假体的选择、截骨与否及髋臼骨床的定位、准备与安装是手术成功的关键.     

软组织平衡在全髋关节置换术治疗成人高位髋关节发育不良中的应用

目的 评价软组织平衡技术在全髋关节置换术治疗成人高位髋关节发育不良的效果.方法 2000年12月至2006年8月应用全髋关节置换术治疗21例(26髋)高位髋关节发育不良患者(CreweⅢ型20髋;Ⅳ型6髋).通过软组织松解及股骨转子下短缩截骨重建髋臼于真臼水平,评价其术后临床及影像学结果.术前Harris评分平均41.2分.结果 21例患者获得13个月～7年随访,平均随访时间4.8年.16例患者术后跛行程度明显改善;通过软组织松解可显著纠正下肢不等长,有效减少手术截骨长度.术后Harris评分平均89.6分.患者术后未见脱位、感染及假体松动.结论 适当的软组织松解和平衡可使高位髋臼重建于真臼,有效地恢复髋关节的形态和功能,获得满意的近期效果.     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的疗效分析

目的探讨全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗成人发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)伴骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法采用THA治疗成人DDH病人28例30髋,其中CroweⅠ型4髋,CroweⅡ型10髋,CroweⅢ型8髋,CroweⅣ型8髋,手术采用改良后外侧入路,术中行髋周软组织松解,恢复真臼重建,达到延长肢体长度目的。随访6～60个月,平均33个月。术前及术后随访采用Harris评分系统(包括疼痛、功能等)评价。结果术前Harris评分23～57分,平均(42. 37±2. 51)分,术后评分79～95分,平均(88. 13±3. 27)分,较术前明显提高(P 0. 05)。患者疼痛明显缓解,活动及功能满意,且假体位置均较好,无松动等不良情况。结论 THA是治疗成人DDH的有效方法,可缓解疼痛及改善功能。     

成人发育性髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术后近期疗效的观察

目的探讨成人严重发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）进行人工全髋关节置换术（THA）的方法及治疗效果。方法18例CroweIV级DDH的患者行THA，术中在软组织松解延长的基础上，重建髋关节旋转中心在真臼位置及髋关节外展功能。术后评估髋关节功能。结果术后平均随访21个月，髋关节Harris评分平均为90分，患肢长度平均延长2．6cm，有1例出现坐骨神经牵拉症状，短期未出现假体失败现象。结论通过松解延长、重建关节功能、选择合适的假体，并注重对神经血管的保护，成人严重DDH可以通过THA获得满意的治疗效果。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎五年以上随访研究

目的 评价全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)在成人髋关节发育不良(develop-mental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)继发骨关节炎患者中的疗效,回顾性分析该类患者THA术后5年以上的临床疗效及其影响因素.方法 对2000年2月至2002年7月在我院采用THA治疗DDH继发骨关节炎的患者55例(69髋)进行术后随访.临床评估以Harris评分为标准.影像学评估根据随访骨盆平片及患髋正、侧位X线片,观察髋臼、股骨假体位置及其周围骨质变化,测量内衬磨损率.假体生存率采用Kaplan-Meier方法进行分析,以任何原因的臼杯、股骨柄翻修或影像学假体明显松动为随访终点.结果 截至随访终点,共45例(57)髋获得5年以上随访,平均随访时间69个月,随访率为81.8%.Harris评分由术前的(46.19±18.01)分提高至末次随访时的(91.78±3.52)分,尚无假体翻修病例.聚乙烯内衬平均磨损率为(0.27±0.14)mm/年.5髋髋臼侧发生骨溶解,8髋股骨侧近端发生骨溶解.Kaplan-Meier分析假体总生存率为1.0(95%可信区间,0.98～1.00).结论 THA治疗DDH继发骨关节炎5年以上随访的影像学表现及临床效果尚可,但存在较高的聚乙烯磨损率及骨溶解发生率,对于年轻、活动量大的DDH患者,THA手术时应选择新型耐摩擦界面假体.DDH患者的定期随访尤为重要,可甲期发现骨溶解,及时给予相应的治疗.     

粗隆下截骨结合 Zweymuller 假体全髋关节置换术治疗 Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的：探讨粗隆下短缩截骨结合Zweymuller假体全髋关节置换术（ THA）治疗CroweⅣ型成人发育性髋关节发育不良（ DDH）的早期临床疗效。方法2006年1月至2011年12月对12例（18髋） CroweⅣ型成人DDH患者采用粗隆下短缩截骨结合Zweymuller假体行THA手术。男1例（2髋）,女11例（16髋）,年龄33～51岁（平均47.7岁）。于术前、术后3、6、12个月,以后每年评估一次。髋关节功能评价采用Harris及Charnely评分,术中记录截骨及患肢延长长度,术后影像学检查对截骨面愈合情况、假体有无松动下沉及髋臼假体稳定性进行评价。结果12例患者均随访到,无死亡,随访时间21～46个月（平均42.3个月）,1例发生患肢深静脉血栓;术后末次随访Harris评分（87.50±23.78）分、Charnely评分（17.36±2.01）分均较其术前（37.01±10.42）分（t＝1.82, P＜0.05）、12.00±1.52分（t＝2.83, P＜0.05）明显提高;术中截骨长度平均（2.5±0.98）cm,患肢平均延长（4.24±1.06）cm;术后X线评价无截骨面不愈合及假体下沉及松动,截骨面愈合时间3～11个月（平均4.9个月）,术后髋关节旋转中心高度较术前下降45.5 mm,术后髋臼位置良好,髋臼假体覆盖范围93.3％,具有较好初期稳定性;手术治疗优良率88.9％。结论粗隆下短缩截骨结合Zweymuller假体THA术治疗CroweⅣ型成人DDH早期临床随访疗效满意。     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良

目的探讨成人髋关节发育不良(DDH)行人工全髋关节置换(THA)的手术方法及早期疗效。方法对21例成人DDH继发骨关节炎患者(22髋)行生物型THA。髋关节脱位按Crowe分型:Ⅰ型15髋,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型共6髋,Ⅳ型1髋。髋臼重建方式中采用真臼加深内移15髋,结构性植骨4髋,旋转中心上移3髋。1髋CroweⅣ型行转子下短缩截骨。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。无假体周围感染、假体不稳及松动。X线片显示结构性植骨无塌陷,转子下截骨部位愈合良好。髋关节功能Harris评分:术前30~53(38.6±5.6)分,术后76~94(84.2±6.8)分。结论 THA治疗成人DDH早期疗效满意,与普通THA相比,DDH的THA技术要求高,操作较复杂。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的疗效分析

目的评价全髋关节置换术（THA）在成人髋关节发育不良（DDH）患者中的疗效。方法对2007年2月至2011年10月在本组采用THA治疗成人DDH患者33例（36髋）的患者进行手术疗效分析,术前术后肢体长度测量、Harris髋关节功能评分,以及术后随访。结果截至随访终点,共30例（32髋）获得随访,随访0.5-4.0年,平均22个月。术前双侧肢体长度差别为0.5-4.0cm（平均2.8cm）,术后双侧肢体长度差别为0.0-1.0cm（平均0.25cm）。术前Harris评分平均为42（36-78分）,术后Harris评分平均为89分（78-95分）。结论通过松解延长、采用合适的人工关节假体使用THA治疗成人DDH患者的手术效果稳定,手术技术具有可重复性,能够获得满意的疗效。     

全髋关节置换术治疗DDH继发骨关节炎的近期疗效观察

目的探讨采用全髋置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良伴继发性骨关节炎的经验及近期疗效。方法 2004年3月至2009年4月,采用全髋置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者15例19髋,其中男性2例2髋,女性13例17髋,年龄37～62岁,平均45.6岁。根据Crowe分类[1],型8髋,型6髋,型3髋,型2髋。结果随访时间为8个月～5年（平均2年9个月）,术后无感染、脱位、假体松动等并发症发生。Harris评分由术前47.6分恢复到术后86.2分,患髋疼痛完全消失,关节活动功能满意。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良伴继发性骨关节炎的有效方法,术前完善的影像学检查,术中充分的软组织松解、原解剖位置重建髋臼、适当的植骨以及选择合适的假体,是手术成功的关键。     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty for active tuberculosis of the hip

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been used as a successful form of treatment in patients with long-standing tuberculosis, but it is unclear whether THA should be performed in patients with current infection. We performed THA in six patients with advanced active tuberculosis of the hip from 2002 to 2006. Tuberculosis was confirmed in all cases by histological examination. All patients were treated with antituberculous medications for at least two weeks followed by thorough debridement and THA. Antituberculous medications were administered postoperatively for at least 12 months. The duration of postoperative follow-up was an average of 49 months. No reactivation of the infection was detected in our series. Using the Harris hip score system, five of the patients were classified as excellent and one as good. THA in advanced active tuberculosis of the hip is a safe procedure providing symptomatic relief and functional improvement. Thorough debridement of infected tissues and postoperative antituberculous therapy are the keys to lowering the potential risk of reactivation of tuberculosis.     

Conversion of a fused hip to total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Arthrodesis of the hip remains a viable treatment for severe unilateral arthritis after traumatic injury or infection in a young but otherwise healthy individual. The goal of the present study was to review the long-term clinical and radiographic results after conversion of a fused hip to a total hip arthroplasty and to identify the risk factors that would lead to a higher rate of failure. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the charts and radiographs of 187 patients (208 hips) who had conversion of a fused hip to a total hip arthroplasty. The mean duration of follow-up after the conversion to total hip arthroplasty was 9.2 years (range, two to twenty-six years). RESULTS: The mean age at time of the arthroplasty was fifty-one years. The mean time-interval between the arthrodesis and the conversion to a total hip arthroplasty was twenty-seven years. According to the information in the charts, at a mean duration of follow-up of 9.2 years after the total hip arthroplasty, 79% of hips were either pain-free or had minimal pain, 83% had good-to-excellent function, and 79% had good-to-excellent range of motion. Complications, which included fifteen nerve palsies, occurred in twenty-four hips. Twenty-eight hips had heterotopic ossification, but it was not associated with a recurrence of ankylosis or a marked reduction of motion. Revision arthroplasty was performed in twelve hips. The probability of survival of the implant was 96.1% (95% confidence interval, 91.5% to 98.2%) at ten years, 89.9% (95% confidence interval, 85.3% to 96.1%) at fifteen years, and 72.8% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 90.6%) at twenty-six years. CONCLUSIONS: Conversion of a fused hip to a total hip arthroplasty has a favorable outcome. However, the technically demanding nature of the procedure should not be underestimated. Patients should be cautioned with regard to the possibility of a higher rate of complications than that seen with primary total hip arthroplasty.     

全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节脱位

目的 :探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎的经验。方法 :从 1996年 9月～2 0 0 3年 2月 ,对 14例 (2 0髋 )成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎患者 ,进行了全髋关节置换。其中双侧 10例 ,单侧 4例。病人全是女性 ,平均年龄 45岁 (3 5～ 67岁 )。双侧全髋置换 6例 ,单侧 8例。结果 :术后伤口均一期愈合 ,随访 6个月～ 6年 ,平均 4年 8个月 ;平均Harris评分由术前的 3 2 43分恢复到术后 1年的 90 15分。截止目前无 1例翻修。术后 6个月 ,患者均能下地行走 ,生活自理且恢复日常工作。结论 :全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎的有效方法 ,但手术难度较大。对于此类病人 ,充分理解全髋置换的复杂性和细致周密的治疗方案是成功的关键。     

色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎行全髋关节置换术治疗的临床评估

目的回顾性研究全髋关节置换术结合滑膜切除治疗晚期髋关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的临床效果。方法对2000年10月至2010年6月间行髋关节切开滑膜清理加人工髋关节置换术治疗的13例晚期髋关节PVNS感染性患者进行回顾性研究,其中8例为局限型,5例为弥漫型,平均年龄33.7岁(21～65岁)。患者术前活动受限症状明显,术前检查提示关节面破坏,关节间隙狭窄,严重的伴有股骨头变形。术中采用关节切开滑膜广泛清理人工髋关节置换。随访分析患者功能恢复情况,比较术前、术后Harris评分及复发情况。结果 10例患者平均术后随访5.6年(0.5～10.3年),未出现复发,假体稳定,Harris评分从术前的47.6分提高到90.8分,能进行日常活动。3例出现复发,其中1例再次行切开清理术,术后良好;1例目前暂时行放射治疗;1例因复发面积广泛压迫下肢血液循环,减容手术无效最终行髋关节离断术。结论全髋关节置换结合增生滑膜切除是治疗局限型PVNS伴有骨质破坏的合适手术方式,能极大改善临床症状,复发率较低。对于弥漫型的治疗,复发率较高,仍待观察。     

Total hip replacement for arthritis following tuberculosis of hip

AIM: To present the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for post tubercular arthritis of the hip joint.METHODS: Sixty-five patients (45 male, 20 female) with previously treated tuberculosis of the hip joint underwent cementless THA for post tubercular arthritis. The average age at the time of THA was 48 years (range 29 to 65 years). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, chest X-ray and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were done preoperatively to confirm resolution of the disease and to rule out any residual disease. Intra-operative samples were taken for microbiological examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histological examination. Patients were started on anti-tubercular drugs one week before the operation and continued for 6 mo post operatively. The patients were followed up clinically using the Harris hip score as well as radiologically for any loosening of the implants, osteolysis and any recurrence of tuberculosis. Any complications especially the recurrence of the infection was also recorded.RESULTS: The mean interval from completion of antitubercular therapy for tuberculosis to surgery was 4.2 years (range, 2-6 years). Preoperatively, 17 patients had ankylosis whereas 48 patients had functional but painful range of motion. The mean surgical time was 97 min (range, 65-125) whereas the mean blood loss was 600 mL (range, 400-900 mL). The average follow up was 8.3 years (range 6-11 years). The average Harris Hip score improved from 27 preoperatively to 91 at the final follow up. Seventeen patients had acetabular protrusion which was managed with impaction grafting and cementless acetabular cup. The bone graft had consolidated in all these 17 patients at the follow up. Two patients developed discharging sinuses at 9 and 11 mo postoperatively respectively. The discharge tested positive for tuberculosis on the PCR. Both these patients were put on antitubercular therapy for another year. Both of them recovered and had no evidence of any loosening or osteolysis on X-rays. There were no other complications recorded.CONCLUSION: Total hip replacement restores good function to patients suffering from post tubercular arthritis of the hip.     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

---

Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.