两种方式治疗大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效与安全性比较

目的 比较血管内支架成形术与内科方式治疗青年严重症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者脑卒中二级预防的疗效及安全性.方法 收集该院2011年1月至2015年6月经全脑血管造影术明确的严重症状性大脑中动脉狭窄(狭窄率大于或等于70％)患者77例,分为血管内支架成形术组和内科治疗组,评估入院时改良Rankin评分(mRS评分)、美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及入组后1年内mRS评分和缺血性卒中复发、死亡、脑出血事件.结果 血管内支架成形术组与内科治疗组30 d内主要终点事件发生率分别为0％、5.77％,1年内卒中复发率分别为4.35％、13.46％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组均无死亡、脑出血发生.血管内支架成形术组与内科治疗组随访1年时mRS≤1分患者比例分别为91.30％、69.23％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);mRS≤2分的患者分别为95.65％、84.62％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血管内支架成形术在严重症状性大脑中动脉狭窄是安全的,对降低青年再发卒中风险比内科治疗更有效.     

支架成形术与药物治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的效果比较

目的比较支架成形术与药物治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的效果。方法将96例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者随机分为支架组和药物组,各48例。支架组采用血管内支架成形术治疗,药物组采用单纯药物治疗,记录两组患者治疗后症状性脑梗死或短暂脑缺血的发生率。结果支架组6个月内、6个月～1年和1～2年的症状性脑梗死或短暂脑缺血发生率分别为2.1%、0和0;药物组分别为18.8%、14.6%和12.5%。支架组均低于药物组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄是一种安全有效的治疗方法,可减少相关缺血性脑卒中的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

药物及支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的对比性研究

目的 对比性研究支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的可行性及远期疗效.方法 收集症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者76例,其中35例进行颅内动脉血管腔内支架治疗(包括球囊扩张成形术和支架成形术),另外41例患者为单纯应用药物治疗组.观察两组病例在3年内的缺血性脑卒中事件及反复发生脑缺血的发生机率.结果 支架治疗组:治疗前责任病变血管的狭窄率为(78±10)%,治疗后的狭窄率为(10±8)%.在治疗后随访的6个月、1年及2年,2年随访症状性脑梗死的发生及短暂脑缺血(TIA)的复发病例1例(2.857%);对照组(单纯药物治疗组41例)2年内有11例发生缺血事件(占31.707%),两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内动脉狭窄的安全有效方法,它与单纯药物治疗相比,在短期疗效方面有明显的优越性,长期效果有待进一步临床观察.     

症状性颅内动脉硬化狭窄支架成形围手术期并发症分析

目的回顾性分析88例症状性颅内动脉硬化狭窄支架成形治疗围手术期并发症。方法88例患者（男性67例）,平均年龄为66.4±9.0（45～78岁）,大脑中动脉病变28例、颈内动脉颅内段16例、椎动脉颅内段25例、基底动脉19例。结果采用球扩支架组治疗25例（Appolo支架21例,冠脉支架4例）,采用自膨式支架治疗63例。3例因球囊支架无法到位放弃治疗,1例患者拟行Wingspan支架成形因术中导丝穿破分支血管而被迫终止手术,技术成功率95.5%（84/88）。术中3例颅内出血、术后3小时高灌注脑出血颅内出血1例,症状性颅内出血4例,发生率为4.6%（4/88）;症状性缺血性脑卒中3例（2例完全缓解、1例明显改善）,发生率为3.5%（3/88）,围手术期症状性卒中发生率为8.0%（7/88）;严重致残、致死2.3%（2/88）。结论颅内动脉支架成形技术成功率高,围手术期症状性脑卒中的发生率虽较高,但严重致残、致死率较低,是顽固性症状性中重度颅内动脉硬化狭窄的有效、安全的治疗手段。     

药物及介入治疗对症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者预后的影响

目的 探讨症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者药物及介入治疗对疾病转归和预后的影响.方法 将符合入选标准的56例症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者按治疗方法 不同分为两组,支架介入治疗组(n=21)和药物治疗组(n=35),支架介入治疗组进行大脑中动脉狭窄支架置入治疗,药物治疗组单纯应用药物治疗;两组病例观察疗效并随访1年,观察脑血管事件发...     

经皮腔内血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄1例

脑动脉脉狭窄是脑卒中的一个重要原因,大约10%的缺血性卒中及8%的短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemia attack,TIA)是由此而引起的.在亚洲,约1/3急性缺血性卒中是由颅内大动脉闭塞性病变引起的.药物治疗难以解除大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)狭窄导致的TIA发作,而颅内动脉支架成形术提供了一种有希望的方法[1,2].     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的 观察血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及近期临床疗效.方法 对35例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术,分析患者临床表现(包括NIHSS、mRS评分)、手术安全性及随访期间短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或卒中发生率、病死率.结果 手术成功率为94.3%(33/35),术前动脉狭窄(74.1±9.8)...     

Wingspan支架治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄围术期的护理

目的:探讨患者实施wingspan支架成形术在围术期采取的相关护理。方法:收集2007年6月至2013年7月在我中心接受wingspan支架成形术治疗的433例颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄患者,在行支架置入前及置入过程中对患者进行有针对性的心理护理,术中及术后严密监测生命体征,注意观察患者是否出现了脑出血,脑过度灌注综合征,脑血管痉挛等手术并发症。对其施以配合治疗的临床护理。结果:433例患者中429例成功实施支架成形术(99.1%),狭窄度由术前的(82.34-7.6)%改善为术后的(16.6 4-6.6)%;围手术期30d内29例(6.7%)患者出现卒中或死亡,其中致死致残性卒中7例(1.6%);30d内发生缺血性卒中21例(4.8%),出血性卒中8例(1.8%);基底动脉30d内总的卒中率、缺血性卒中率、穿支卒中率明显高于其他部位(P0.01),而大脑中动脉30d内出血性卒中发生率明显高于其他部位(3.6%比0.4%,P0.05);经验积累阶段组总的围手术期卒中率明显高于技术成熟阶段组(13.0%比4.8%,P0.01),但围手术期穿支卒中发生率在经验积累阶段与技术成熟阶段比较差异无统计学意义(3.0%比3.0%,P0.01)。结论:做好颅内wingspan支架成形术术前心理护理,完善术前准备,术中术后严密监测生命体征发现异常及时处理是保证治疗成功的重要因素,在围术期配合有效的护理,能够提高手术成功率,改善患者术后生活质量。     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉M1段狭窄17例分析

目的观察血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉（MCA）M1段狭窄的疗效。方法对17例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）或有明显脑缺血症状的MCA狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后行血管造影及经颅多普勒超声检查（TCD）,并进行影像学随访。结果狭窄的血管均成功扩张,术前与术后狭窄程度分别为（76．3±4．5）％与（14．6．4-4．1）％,术后残余狭窄程度均〈20％。临床随访无TIA或脑卒中再发,全脑血管造影（DSA）随访无血管再狭窄发生,TCD检查显示脑血流明显改善。结论血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉M1段狭窄安全、有效。     

支架成形术与药物治疗脑供血动脉狭窄对比研究

目的：分析支架成形术与药物治疗脑供血动脉狭窄疗效,探讨其安全性。方法：2006年5月~2008年8月期间采用支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄56例,围手术期控制危险因素并给予抗血小板药物。单纯药物治疗组40例,药物治疗与介入组相同,随访1~24个月。结果：介入治疗组56例手术全部成功,共置入69枚支架,全部病人残余狭窄率＆lt;20%;术中无1例死亡、栓塞、夹层、脑出血事件发生;5例术后拔除动脉鞘时出现一过性低血压。随访1个月~2年,56例除1例因肺感染死亡外,其余患者无1例死亡及再发卒中事件。2例患者因多处血管病变仍有轻微头晕,56例未发现无症状和有症状性再狭窄。药物治疗组6例症状无缓解,8例再发卒中。结论：与药物治疗组对比,支架成形术治疗脑动脉狭窄疗效好,且治疗是安全的,但有待大样本研究结果证实。     

Comparison of the safety of simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting versus unilateral carotid artery stenting: 30-day and 6-month results

Background  Severe bilateral carotid stenosis caused by atherosclerosis has not been unusual in the elderly. Such patients have high stroke risk. Many studies show that carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an alternative to treat unilateral carotid stenosis. However, the optimal procedural strategy of bilateral carotid stenosis remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety of simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting (SBCAS) compared with unilateral carotid artery stenting (UCAS).

Methods  In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed 234 consecutive patients who underwent carotid stenting from January 2005 to December 2009. Thirty-nine patients (16.7%) of them underwent SBCAS, and the others (n=195) underwent UCAS. Indication for CAS was defined as carotid artery diameter reduction >60% (symptomatic) or >80% (asymptomatic). Six-month and 30-day hemodynamic depression (HD), hyperperfusion syndrome (HPS), stroke, death and myocardial infarction (MI) after carotid stenting were assessed.

Results  SBCAS group had no more HD and HPS compared with UCAS group at 30 days (HD: 28.2% vs. 20.0%, P=0.396; HPS: 2.6% vs. 2.1%, P=0.262). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between SBCAS group and UCAS group in major stroke, death, MI and their combinations within 30 days (major stroke: 0 vs. 3.6%, P=0.604; death: 2.6% vs. 1.5%, P=0.520; MI: 2.6% vs. 0.5%, P=0.306; and their combinations: 5.1% vs. 4.6%, P=1.000) and 6 months (major stroke: 0 vs. 3.6%, P=0.604; death: 5.1% vs. 2.1%, P=0.262; MI: 5.1% vs.1.0%, P=0.130 and their combinations: 7.7% vs. 5.1%, P=0.459).

Conclusions  The patients undergoing SBCAS had no more events than those undergoing UCAS in 30-day and 6-month follow-up. Our finding suggests that SBCAS appears to be as safe as UCAS.

     

Treatment of patients older than 60 years with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis

Background Vertebrobasilar artery stenosis is an important cause of ischemic posterior circulation strokes. This study aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of treatment including conservative therapy alone and conservative plus endovascular therapy for elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis.
Methods Patients older than 60 years with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis （ ≥50%） confirmed by cerebral angiography were enrolled. All of them were treated with medical therapy and some with additional stent-assisted angioplasty （the stenting subgroup）. Their clinical, imaging, intervention and follow-up data were analyzed.Results One hundred and seventeen consecutive elderly patients （100 men, mean age （68.1 ±5.1） years） were enrolled and followed up for a mean time of 28.4 months; 81.7% of them were symptomatically resolved or improved; a stroke rate of 5.1% and a stroke-related death rate of 1.7% were found among them during the hospitalization and follow-up. In the stenting subgroup, 78 balloon expandable stents were employed in the 70 patients with a technical success rate of 98.7% and the mean degree of stenosis was significantly reduced from （81.7±14.3）% before stenting to （8.3±4.2）% after stenting （P 〈0.001）. Four （5.7%） periprocedural strokes occurred, of whom two led to death within 30 days after the procedure. During the follow-up （mean 27.7 months）, sixty of the surviving 68 patients in the stenting subgroup were symptomatically resolved or improved. Only one （1.5%） posterior circulation stroke occurred, while duplex ultrasound scan of 34 patients demonstrated 10 （29.4%） in-stent restenosis.
Conclusions Appropriate utilization of conservative therapy alone and conservative plus endovascular therapy may improve short-term clinical outcomes for elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis. Furthermore, stent-assisted angioplasty is technically feasible and relatively safe in elderly patients.     

A meta-analysis of carotid endarterectomy versus stenting in the treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis

Background  Carotid stenosis is one of the common reasons for patients with ischemic stroke, and the two invasive options carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are the most popular treatments. But the relative efficacy and safety of the methods are not clear.

Methods  About 521 articles related to CAS and CEA for carotid stenosis published in 1995–2011 were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (CL), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) China Journal Full-Test database. Of them, eight articles were chosen. Meta-analysis was used to assess the relative risks.

Results  The eight studies included 3873 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, including 1941 cases in the carotid stent angioplasty group, and 1932 cases in the carotid endarterectomy group. Fixed effect model analysis showed that within 30 days of incidence of all types of strokes, surgery was significantly highly preferred in CAS patients (CAS group) than the CEA patients (CEA group), and the difference was statistically significant (relative ratio (RR)=1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.380–2.401, P <0.0001). But the incidence of death in the two groups is not showed and is not statistically significant after 30 days (RR=1.52, 95% CI: 0.82–2.82, P=0.18). The rate of cranial nerve injury in the CAS group is lower than the CEA group (RR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.05–0.43, P=0.0005). The incidence of CAS patients with myocardial infarction is lower than the CEA group after 30 days, but statistically meaningless (RR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–1.02, P=0.05). The stroke or death in CAS patients were higher than the CEA group after 1 year of treatment (RR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.03–6.48, P=0.04).

Conclusions  Compared to CAS, carotid endarterectomy is still the preferred treatment methodology of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Future meta-analyses should then be performed in long-term follow-up to support this treatment recommendation.

     

280例颅外脑血管狭窄的血管内支架成形术的疗效观察

目的:探讨血管内支架成形术防治颅外脑血管狭窄患者缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性。方法:2005年6月~2009年5月我院神经内科对280例颅外脑血管狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。其中颈内动脉180例,锁骨下动脉下48例,椎动脉84例;症状性狭窄178例,其中62例表现为短暂性脑缺血发作,116例表现为脑梗死,非症状性狭窄102例。观察记录患者的一般情况、手术效果、围手术期并发症,随访并观察远期预后。结果:手术成功率为100%;术后1月内发生脑缺血事件4例(1.43%);过度灌注7例(2.5%),心肌梗死1例(0.35%),颈动脉窦反应延长21例(7.5%);无造影剂相关肾病、脑出血及围手术期死亡发生。在平均44.3个月的随访中,支架内再狭窄14例(4.49%),颈内动脉支架6例(3.33%),椎动脉支架5例(5.95%),锁骨下动脉支架3例(6.25%);远期缺血事件共发生17例(6.07%),其中颈动脉系统14例(82.4%),随访期内无脑出血发生。结论:血管内支架成形术是防治颅外脑血管狭窄患者缺血性卒中有效且安全的方法。     

颈动脉支架的安全性和有效性

目的评价颈动脉支架植入安全性和有效性。方法前瞻性观察70位中国人所接受的76次颈动脉内膜旋切术 (CEA),对CAS的安全性及有效性做初步探讨。人选者均属高危患者,包括不稳定型心绞痛、同侧CEA史、对侧颈动脉狭窄、颈动脉放疗后狭窄及其他严重的合并症。患者于术前、术后及半年后随访时均接受独立的神经专科检查;于远期随访时复查脑血管造影。结果手术成功率为100％;术前平均狭窄程度达(82±18)％,术后狭窄程度下降至(5±10)％。所有患者共发生3次小卒中(5．7％),均无大卒中事件;住院期间及术后30 d内均无心肌梗死及死亡事件。平均随访期达 (20±12)月;2例患者发生无症状颈动脉再狭窄;2例患者发生非Q波型心肌梗死;两例患者因非神经源性因素死亡;3 例患者发生小卒中;远期随访未发现大卒中。结论在中国人群中,经皮颈动脉支架植入术是安全可行的,它的远期再狭窄率亦低。     

Carotid stenting in a nonagenarian patient with symptomatic carotid stenosis

Carotid artery stenosis is a disabling disease in all age groups. Elderly people are more prone to recurrent strokes due to advancing age and multiple co-morbidities. Treatment options for symptomatic carotid stenosis in the very elderly are the same as in younger patients although with a higher operative risk. We describe a successful case of carotid artery stenting in a nonagenarian with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, a subgroup for whom treatment options are rarely discussed in guidelines.     

颅内动脉狭窄支架血管内成型术并发症的原因及预防

目的 探讨症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架血管内成型术并发症的原因及预防措施。方法：对48例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者手术并发症进行分析。48例中择期手术40例,均有至少一次发作与血管狭窄有关的神经功能障碍,内科治疗效果不明显。8例患者性动脉内血栓形成,经动脉内溶栓再通后发现重度血管狭窄,遂行支架置入术。其中大脑中动脉17例,颈内动脉末段5例,基底动脉8例,椎动脉颅内段18例。结果 48例患者中46例术后即记得血管造影显示狭窄程度,从术前平均83%下降到5%左右。4例出现与手术有关的并发症,病变分别位于颈内动脉末端1例,大脑中动脉1例,基底动脉1例。原因包括微导丝穿破皮质动脉致颅内出血1例;1例在手术过程中血管破裂出血,破裂后经开颅夹闭破裂血管,术后未遗留明显神经功能障碍;1例术后出现与穿支动脉闭塞有关的症状,对症治疗后恢复。支架术后24h血栓形成1例,溶栓后再通但症状加重,最后死亡。结论 经皮支架辅助血管成型术为动脉粥样硬化性颅内动脉狭窄提供了一个新的治疗方法,但是有待长期技术探索和评价,以提高操作技术减低并发症。