氯化液脱溶剂Y型气流式喷嘴的雾化性能

研究了Y型气流式喷嘴对氯化聚氯化烯(CPVC)氯化液的雾化性能。实验结果显示:粒径的累积体积服从R osin-R amm ler分布;当氯化液质量流量一定时,滴径随蒸汽质量流量的1.346次方单调减小;蒸汽质量流量一定时,滴径随液体质量流量的0.371次方单调增加。通过对雾化过程影响因素的分析,采用三参数经验方程对实验数据进行了关联,计算结果与实验值最大相对误差为12.8%,平均相对误差为3.93%。     

喷嘴噪声性能的实验研究

应用麦克风、频谱分析软件等相关工具，研究了三通道喷嘴无水条件下的噪声性能。实验结果表明：随着三通道气流马，赫数逐渐增大，噪声强度随之增大，峰值频率基本不变，但能量变强；随着一通道气流马赫数增大，噪声强度先减小后增大，并且频谱图上出现高频峰，该峰能量逐渐变强；改变一、三通道气体喷口流速比，噪声强度呈现减小、增大、减小的非均匀变化趋势，峰值频率逐渐变大。     

人工鼻和气体流量设置对气道内吸入气温度和湿度的影响

目的：观察麻醉机呼吸环路气体低、中、高流量设置和呼吸环路加入人工界对气道内吸入气温度和湿度的影响。方法：选择60名ASA I～Ⅱ级病人，随机分为6组，3组呼吸环路内加入人工界，流量设置分别是0，5，1．5，4．5L/min；另3组不使用人工界，流量设置同上。应用温度湿度仪连续监测吸入气温度和相对湿度，公式计算绝对温度。机械通气3min后的测量值设为基础值，然后纪录15，30，45和60min的值。结果：随机械通气时间延长，人工鼻组的不同流量设置均显著增加气道内吸入气温度和湿度，当流量设置为0．5L/min最高，其次是1．5L/min，再其次为4．5L/min；不用人工鼻组，低、中、高流量设置显著影响气道内吸入气温度和湿度，随通气时间延长，流量为0．5L/min时温度和湿度逐渐升高，1．5L/min略有下降，4．5L/min则明显降低。结论：人工界能补偿气体中、高流量时气道内温度和湿度的降低，低流量增加气道内的温度和湿度。临床采用低流量麻醉技术和人工界对保护病人气道粘膜有利。     

静脉输液中各变量关系的探讨

应用流体力学原理探讨了静脉输液(重力法)中部分变量的关系。认为:①液体滴速与输液管半径或相当流量管道半径的4次方、液面相对高度及液体密度成正比,与液体黏滞度成反比。②液滴大小与液体表面张力、黏滞度呈正相关,与滴速呈负相关。     

新型复合式浆态床内气体停留时间分布及模型

由空气-水、10%K2CO3溶液、20%K2CO3溶液、液体石蜡油构成气液两相体系,常压下表观气速为1～20 cm/s、静态液位200～550 mm、液体循环量0～240 L/h时,采用脉冲实验法测量一种特殊结构的浆态床反应器内气体停留时间分布.考察了操作参数和液体性质对浆态段的气体停留时间分布及返混程度的影响.结果表明:流型对停留时间分布的影响较大.气体平均停留时间随液体循环量和液体黏度的增加而增大;气体返混程度随静态液位增加而减小,随液体表面张力增加而增大.表面张力是影响返混程度的主要因素.同时建立相应的数学模型,得到停留时间密度分布函数,实验值与模型预测值吻合较好.     

导向喷动流化床生物质快速裂解制液体燃料

在冷模试验得到的优化的结构参数基础上，建立了一套生物质最大处理量为5kg／h的导向管喷动流化床生物质裂解反应器。反应在常压和440～520℃进行，以木屑为生物质原料，二氧化碳和氮气为喷动气或流化气，沙子为流化介质。结果表明该喷动流化床反应器可用于生物质的快速裂解。在400～480℃，液体产率随温度增加而上升，高于480℃时，二次反应的加剧又导致液体产品产率下降。固体和气体的产率则随温度的升高而减少。喷动气和流化气流量的增加均强化了反应器内的传热，并使生物质初始裂解产物的停留时间减少，二次反应进行程度减弱。在适当的裂解条件下液体产率可达73．2％，此时气体和焦的产率分别为12．8％和14．0％。所得液体产品为单一相液体，含水约30％，可用于燃烧。与流化床相比，喷动流化床作为生物质快速裂解反应器可明显提高液体产率。     

穿琥宁与法莫替丁针剂配伍反应二例报告

1临床资料 患者1：女，上呼吸道感染合并急性胃肠炎，2009年10月2日遵医嘱给予注射用穿琥宁0．4克加入生理盐水100毫升中静脉滴注，另一组为注射用法莫替丁20毫克加入生理盐水100毫升中静脉滴注，当第一组输完更换第二组液体时发现液体不滴现象。     

PSt-TMI合成及其共聚动力学研究

以BP0为引发剂，甲苯为溶剂，采用溶液聚合法合成了低3-异丙烯基一α，α’-二甲基苄基-异氰酸酯(TMI)含量的PSt-TMI共聚物(wTMI-O．03～O．11)，确定了FTIR方法测定共聚物中TMI含量的方法，并对反应动力学与共聚物组成进行了研究。结果表明：总体反应速率与单体浓度成正比，与引发剂浓度O．5次方成正比，80℃下反应时还存在热引发，终止方式为双基终止；反应总体活化能随单体配比中TMI分率增大而升高。引发剂浓度增大则产物分子量减小，分子量分布不变。随反应转化率提高分子量分布指数增大、产物中TMI含量略有下降。GPC串联紫外分析表明，产物中高分子量部分TMI含量高于低分子量部分中TMI含量。     

静止液体中单泡罩的鼓泡特性

为了研究泡罩在静止液体中的鼓泡特性,用双头电导探针测试了不同气量下不同轴向位置处的相界面参数——局部含气率、界面浓度、气泡平均尺寸,得出了它们沿径向的分布规律：在轴向高度略高于泡罩高度处,局部含气率呈中间峰值分布形态,在径向r／R=0．42处出现了局部含气率峰值,随着轴向高度的增加,局部含气率峰值逐渐向塔中心区域移动;同气量下界面浓度沿轴向的变化规律与局部含气率相似;气泡平均尺寸在同气量下随高度的增加,有减小的趋势。     

输液操作一次性排气成功的体会

在临床输液过程中，用普通法排气一次性成功率难以达到100％，经常在可放开关的一瞬间在莫菲氏滴壶下方出现一约0．5cm-1．5cm的气柱。在液体流至硅胶管处由于流速的减慢，莫菲氏滴壶下方的气体下移。时常为了处理气柱使输液的速度和无菌操作均受到一定的影响，针对这一问题，我在临     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.