胃间质瘤的内镜早期诊断及腹腔镜手术治疗

目的:探讨胃镜、超声内镜、腹腔镜联合应用在小胃间质瘤(直径<2 cm)发现、诊断和治疗中的作用和价值.方法:2004-08/2008-09我院胃镜发现的胃黏膜下隆起性病变患者23例,进行超声内镜检查,初步诊断胃间质瘤16例(直径0.89-1.95 cm,平均1.42 cm).随后在胃镜辅助定位下,行腹腔镜胃部分切除术.术后长期随访,有无局部复发及远处转移.结果:手术全部成功,手术时间45-90(平均60)min,无术后并发症及死亡病例.术后胃肠功能恢复时间18-36(平均28)h,住院时间3-7(平均4)d.术后病理诊断间质瘤15例,术前诊断符合率93.8%,神经鞘瘤1例.15例胃间质瘤患者术后随访3-52(平均27)mo,未发现肿瘤局部复发和转移.结论:胃镜联合超声内镜有助于发现及诊断小胃间质瘤,并可在术前初步判定危险度.在胃镜辅助定位下,行腹腔镜胃部分切除术治疗小胃间质瘤安全、有效、预后良好.     

内镜下胃间质瘤检出情况探讨

目的探讨首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内镜中心胃间质瘤内镜下的检出率。方法对2004年5月～2010年5月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内镜中心行胃镜检查发现胃黏膜下隆起性病变而进行超声检查的病例进行回顾性分析,计算胃间质瘤检出的阳性率。结果6年间胃镜检查共计52368例,胃黏膜下隆起病变461例。其中240例行超声内镜检查,怀疑胃间质瘤161例,其中切除治疗36例,术后病理证实33例。估计胃间质瘤的内镜下检出率约为0．5％。结论消化内镜及超声内镜是胃间质瘤重要的诊断方法,对选择合适的治疗方案具有指导意义。     

超声内镜诊断表面光滑型胃隆起性病变的价值

目的评价超声内镜(EUS)诊断表面光滑型胃隆起性病变的价值。方法胃镜检查发现表面光滑型胃隆起性病变患者548例,行EUS检查并与病理检查比较。结果超声内镜诊断胃息肉321例;胃间质瘤或平滑肌瘤134例,其中起源于黏膜肌层26例,起源于固有肌层108例;胃脂肪瘤38例;胃外压性隆起25例;胃异位胰腺23例;胃囊肿4例;胃底静脉曲张3例。结论 EUS能准确判断表面光滑型胃隆起性病变的起源,并能较好地提示病变性质,对明确该类病变的诊断及指导治疗具有较高的价值。     

上消化道表面光滑型隆起性病变的超声内镜诊断与内镜黏膜切除术、内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理学比较

目的 探讨超声内镜(EUS)鉴别诊断上消化道表面光滑型隆起性病变的价值.方法 182例患者经胃镜检查发现上消化道表面光滑型隆起性病变,超声内镜检查后行内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)或内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),比较超声内镜诊断与术后病理学诊断的符合率.结果 超声内镜诊断食管平滑肌瘤37例,病理学检查符合33例,符合率为89.2％;食管息肉6例,病理学检查符合2例,符合率为33.3％;食管脂肪瘤1例,病理学检查符合1例,符合率为100％;胃息肉106例,病理学检查符合77例,符合率为72.6％;胃间质瘤19例,病理学检查符合16例,符合率为84.2％;胃脂肪瘤7例,病理学检查符合5例,符合率为71.4％;十二指肠息肉6例,病理学检查符合4例,符合率为66.7％.结论 超声内镜检查鉴别诊断上消化道表面光滑型隆起性病变具有一定临床价值,但应结合病理学检查.     

老年上消化道隆起性病变电子内镜超声诊断与病理切片结果的差异分析

目的探讨电子内镜超声在老年上消化道隆起性病变诊断中的临床价值。方法老年上消化道隆起性病变患者98例,均进行超声内镜检查,比较超声内镜诊断准确率。结果 98例老年上消化道隆起性病变患者中,经超声内镜检查,按病变部位:胃65例(66.63%)、食管23例(23.47%)、十二指肠10例(10.20%);按病变范围:病灶直径1.0 cm 24例(24.49%)、1.0~2.0 cm者53例(54.08%)、2.0 cm者21例(21.43%);按病变类型:间质细胞瘤31例(31.62%)、平滑肌瘤23例(23.47%)、息肉22例(22.45%)、脂肪瘤10例(10.20%)、异位胰腺7例(7.14%)、囊肿3例(3.06%)、隆起糜烂性炎症2例(2.04%);与手术病理比较,超声内镜诊断准确为91.84%。结论经超声内镜检查,有助于判断老年上消化道隆起性病变的病灶分层及性质,可为临床治疗方式的选择提供可靠依据。     

胃镜活检联合超声内镜对胃底隆起性病变的诊断价值

目的研究胃底隆起性病变的性质,为临床治疗方式的选择提供依据。方法常规胃镜检查发现胃底隆起性病变的病例同时行活检及超声内镜检查,将接受超声内镜检查者的诊断结果与活检组织病理检查结果进行对比,指导临床治疗。结果137例胃底隆起性病变中,7例为胃癌,76例为胃溃疡,27例为胃炎,10例为胃息肉,4例为平滑肌瘤,3例为脂肪瘤,10例为胃壁外脏器压迫。结论胃镜活检联合超声内镜检查对胃底隆起性病变性质的鉴别有重要意义,为临床治疗方式提供有力依据。     

37例直径大于1.0cm十二指肠隆起性病变的临床、内镜、超声及病理分析

目的探讨十二指肠隆起性病变的临床,内镜、超声及病理特点。方法对37例十二指肠隆起性病变患者均采用Fujion EG-450型胃镜,Olympus UM-2R超声微探头检查及治疗,超声频率为7.5MHz～12MHz,高频电发生器为ERBE-200型。结果常规内镜发现隆起性病变位于十二指肠球部23例,降部14例。常规内镜诊断为十二指肠腺瘤性息肉14例,增生性息肉4例,腺癌2例。17例超声内镜诊断间质瘤11例,黏膜下囊肿4例,脂肪瘤2例。其中有24例病变术后病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉14例,增生性息肉4例,脂肪瘤2例,良性间质瘤3例,平滑肌瘤1例。7例疑为恶性间质瘤(术后确诊为恶性间质瘤4例,良性间质瘤2例,1例不明)。治疗有24例病变行高频电凝切除术,术后处理按我科常规进行;7例超声检查疑为恶性间质瘤,其中6例由外科手术治疗,1例保守观察;4例囊肿采用经内镜下囊肿套扎术治疗;2例十二指肠腺癌采取保守支持对症治疗。对上述所有病例仍在动态观察中。结论对于范围大于1.0cm的十二指肠隆起性病变常规内镜及病理检查、内镜超声检查对隆起性病变的诊断均具有重要价值。     

超声内镜指导下套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值

目的 观察超声内镜指导下套扎器套扎治疗胃间质瘤的效果.方法 选取经超声内镜检查诊断胃黏膜下来源于胃固有肌层的小间质瘤45例,瘤体直径0.5 ～1.3 cm,以六连环套扎器行内镜下间质瘤套扎治疗,套扎后用超声内镜观察间质瘤是否套入圈套中.术后观察有无出血、穿孔等并发症.术后1～3月复查胃镜以了解愈合情况.结果 胃黏膜下来源于固有肌层小间质瘤45例中,位于胃底32例,胃体11例,胃窦2例.7例行细针穿刺组织病理及免疫组化结果证实为黏膜下间质瘤.行胃黏膜下间质瘤的套扎术,成功44例,成功率97.8％.3例术后黑便,无一例发生穿孔.结论 在超声内镜指导下对胃黏膜下固有肌层小间质瘤行套扎术,方法简便、安全、有效,并发症少,值得临床广泛应用.     

内镜下切除胃巨大间质瘤的疗效及安全性评价

目的 探讨无明确转移的胃巨大间质瘤内镜切除治疗的疗效及安全性.方法 12例经超声内镜和CT检查确认无转移灶的胃巨大间质瘤行内镜切除治疗,切除标本送检病理及免疫组化,记录内镜操作时间及出血、穿孔的发生情况.术后第2、6和12个月复查胃镜及超声胃镜,第12个月复查全腹部三期CT扫描,统计局部复发及远处转移情况.结果 10例内镜下成功切除,内镜切除成功率为83.3％ (10/12);行内镜黏膜下挖除术(ESE)的6例浆膜层均能保持完整性,无意外穿孔发生,行内镜下全层切除术(EFR)的4例术中采取主动穿孔,主动穿孔率为33.3％ (4/12),穿孔后均能通过内镜下完成缝合;术中出血均超过100 ml,通过氩气、电凝及钛夹均能成功止血;8例最小横截面直径在3.5 cm以下的瘤体顺利经食管完整取出,另2例最小横截面直径超过3.5 cm的瘤体在胃腔内分割后通过贲门取出;9例瘤体最大直径小于5.0 cm者术后证实为低度危险胃间质瘤,另1例最大直径大于5.0 cm者证实为高度危险胃间质瘤;随访1年,所有患者未发现局部复发或腹腔转移.2例内镜切除治疗失败者,瘤体最大直径均大于5.0 cm,因术中发生难以控制的大出血而转外科行手术治疗,内镜难以控制的大出血发生率为16.7％ (2/12),术后病理均为高度危险胃间质瘤.结论 内镜下切除最大直径在5.0 cm以下且无转移的胃巨大间质瘤是安全而有效的,最小横截面直径小于3.5 cm的瘤体更适合经内镜切除,可通过贲门顺利取出.但最大直径超过5.0 cm的胃巨大间质瘤,高度危险的可能性大,术中易发生内镜难以控制的大出血,内镜切除应谨慎.     

超声内镜下诊治上消化道良性隆起型病变118例

目的:探讨超声内镜在上消化道良性隆起型病变(upper gastrointestinal benign protrusive lesions,UGBPL)的诊断价值和不同治疗方法的优缺点.方法:运用超声内镜检查118例上消化道隆起型病变,并对其中80例分别用内镜下高频电直接切除、透明帽下黏膜切除术(cap-endoscopic mucosal resection,cEMR)、尼龙绳结扎、圈套器套扎及鼠齿钳钳夹治疗.结果:食管隆起病变以平滑肌瘤最常见,占食管良性病变的62.2%;胃间质瘤占胃良性隆起性病变的50%,十二指肠以息肉多见,占十二指肠良性隆起性病变57.9%,囊肿占31.6%;本组施行内镜下治疗仅cEMR术中少量渗血,用氩气或者钛夹即可止血.结论:超声内镜下高频电直接切除、尼龙绳结扎、圈套器套扎、鼠齿钳钳夹方法安全、有效,cEMR相对有出血危险.     

源于固有肌层的胃间质瘤行内镜下切除闭合术的可行性研究

目的 评价对来源于固有肌层的非腔内生长型胃间质瘤施行内镜下切除闭合术治疗的可行性.方法 46例患者经胃镜和超声内镜检查诊断为起源于固有肌层的非腔内生长型胃黏膜下肿瘤,采用内镜下切除闭合术切除肿瘤,行常规病理及免疫组化检查后证实为间质瘤.术后内镜随访,观察治疗效果及有无并发症.结果 46例非腔内生长型胃间质瘤经内镜下切除闭合术治疗后均完全切除,切除后2例保留完整的浆膜层,44例术中遗留切口,切口最大径1.5 cm,行钛夹夹闭切口,予抑酸、胃肠减压、静脉应用抗生素等辅助治疗.病理报告全层切除46例,肿瘤直径为0.5～3.7 cm.44例患者术后48～72 h后进食,未见明显不适;2例术后出现气腹、局限性腹膜炎,其中1例切口1.5 cm患者术后第2天切口裂开,再次钛夹夹闭裂开切口,辅助治疗10～12 d,该2例患者痊愈出院.术后6个月随访,所有患者切口均形成白色溃疡瘢痕.结论 对于非腔内生长型胃间质瘤,内镜下切除闭合术是一种安全、经济、创伤小的治疗方式,值得临床推广.     

A feasible modified biopsy method for tissue diagnosis of gastric subepithelial tumors

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of a modified technique for the histological diagnosis of subepithelial tumors (SETs). METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent a modified technique for the histological diagnosis of gastric SETs, consisting of a mucosal incision with a fixed flexible snare (MIF) and deep-tissue biopsy under conventional endoscopic view, from January 2012 to January 2013 was performed. Eleven patients with gastric SETs 10-30 mm in diameter and originating from the third or fourth layer on endoscopic ultrasonography were included. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.8 (range, 45-76) years, and 5 patients were male. The mean size of the SETs was 21.8 (range, 11-30) mm. The number of biopsy specimens was 6.3 (range 5-8). The mean procedure time was 9.0 min (range, 4-17 min). The diagnostic yield of MIF biopsies was 90.9% (10/11). The histological diagnoses were leiomyoma (4/11, 36.4%), aberrant pancreas (3/11, 27.3%), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2/11, 18.2%), an inflammatory fibrinoid tumor (1/11, 9.1%); one result was non-diagnostic (1/11, 9.1%). There were six mesenchymal tumors; the specimens obtained in each case were sufficient for an immunohistochemical diagnosis. There was no major bleeding, but one perforation occurred that was successfully controlled by endoscopic clipping. CONCLUSION: The MIF biopsy was simple to perform, safe, and required a shorter procedure time, with a high diagnostic yield for small SETs.     

超声内镜诊断胰腺内分泌肿瘤的价值

目的探讨超声内镜诊断胰腺内分泌肿瘤的价值．方法胰腺内分泌肿瘤患者１０例,进行了超声内镜、血管造影、ＭＲＩ,ＣＴ及超声波检查．结果超声内镜对胰腺内分泌肿瘤的诊断率为９２３％,其中肿瘤直径在２ｃｍ以下的诊断率为８７５％,肿瘤轮廓清晰,边缘整,内部回声呈强回声、低回声、等回声和混合性回声;超声波的诊断率为４６２％;ＣＴ平扫和增强扫描的诊断率分别为３０７％和４６２％;ＭＲＩＴ１呈低信号、Ｔ２呈高信号,诊断率为７２７％;血管造影的诊断率为８４６％．结论超声内镜对胰腺内分泌肿瘤的定位诊断和定性诊断优于其他影像学检查,特别是对胰腺小肿瘤的诊断,更显示出它的价值．     

胃间质瘤内镜超声征象与病理危险分级的相关性研究

探讨胃间质瘤不同内镜超声征象与其危险分级间的相关性。回顾性分析2013年3月—2017年12月在武汉大学中南医院内镜中心行普通胃镜及内镜超声检查,经病理和免疫组化确诊为胃间质瘤的89例患者资料,比较不同危险程度胃间质瘤内镜超声下特征。89例患者中,极低危险度63例、低危险度21例、中危险度5例,内镜超声下胃间质瘤直径、回声均匀性、溃疡、边界是否规则及囊性变在不同危险度胃间质瘤中差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。内镜超声检查有助于不同危险度胃间质瘤的判断。     

Value of endoscopic ultrasonography for upper gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a single center experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the rarely seen tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to review the patients diagnosed as upper gastrointestinal stromal tumor by endoscopic ultrasonography. METHODS: Twenty-five patients diagnosed as upper gastrointestinal stromal tumor, between 1999 and 2004, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The reason for performing upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was nonspecific upper gastrointestinal system symptoms in most (76%) of the patients. The other causes were upper gastrointestinal bleeding and dysphagia in 16% and 8% of the cases, respectively. Lesions were located in the stomach in 17 (68%), in the esophagus in six (24%), and in the duodenum in two (8%) patients. Endoscopic ultrasonographic evaluation revealed that all of the lesions arose from the muscularis propria. In 18 (72%) patients, tumors were less than 3 cm in diameter, homogeneous and hypoechoic in appearance with regular borders, concordant with benign tumor. In five (20%) patients, lesions had heterogeneous echoic appearance with anechoic spaces, two of which were larger than 3 cm and also showed irregular borders, suggesting malignancy. Surgical therapy was performed in five (20%) patients because of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or suspicion of malignancy by endoscopic ultrasonographic evaluation. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis in all these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ultrasonographic evaluation is very useful in diagnosis and for choosing the therapeutic method for patients with upper gastrointestinal stromal tumor.     

老年性胃间质瘤的螺旋CT表现及其病理基础

目的探讨老年性胃间质瘤的螺旋CT表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法收集资料完整的老年性胃间质瘤47例,分析其螺旋CT表现及病理基础。结果良性11例,交界性9例,恶性27例;腔内型5例,腔外型30例,腔内外型12例。良性、交界肿瘤CT平扫呈圆形或类圆形均匀密度软组织肿块,肿瘤直径常小于5cm,增强扫描病灶呈中度以上的较均匀强化;恶性病变CT平扫为较大的不规则或分叶状肿块,其内有出血、坏死、囊变及钙化,增强扫描肿物呈不均匀强化,其内坏死、囊变区无强化,动脉期瘤体旁可见排列成簇状或线状增强的细小血管,静脉期病变强化程度高于动脉期。结合手术病理,CT对病变定位准确率为100％,定性准确率达91％。结论螺旋CT能很好反映老年性胃间质瘤的生长方式及病理基础,存肿瘤的检出、判断肿瘤与周围器官的关系、有无转移及良恶性鉴别等方面均有重要价值。     

内镜下全层切除术联合OTSC吻合系统在治疗胃间质瘤中的应用研究

目的探究内镜下全层切除术(EFTR)联合OTSC吻合系统治疗胃间质瘤的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2018年10月经宁夏回族自治区人民医院行EFTR联合OTSC夹闭系统治疗胃间质瘤24例临床资料。 结果24例患者中,成功切除率及闭合率为100%,闭合穿孔直径最小为0.3 cm×0.3 cm,闭合穿孔直径最大为4.3 cm×3.8 cm,平均(2.5 ±1.5)cm,术中有少量渗血,均予以氩离子凝固术(APC)电凝止血,平均操作时间(45±60)min,术后平均住院时间为(3±5)d。术后无气胸、发热,无发生迟发性出血、消化道瘘、继发性胸腹腔感染及其它严重并发症。术后第1、3、6个月随访复查胃镜,观察创面愈合情况,病变均无复发现象,24例病理提示梭形细胞肿瘤及结合免疫组织化学诊断为间质瘤,位于胃底、胃窦及胃体;均为极低度、低度侵袭危险性,建议患者定期复查胃镜。 结论EFTR联合OTSC吻合系统治疗胃间质瘤是一种安全、有效的技术,值得在临床上推广使用。     

Endoscopy dissection of small stromal tumors emerged from the muscularis propria in the upper gastrointestinal tract:Preliminary study

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment of an upper gastrointestinal(GI) submucosal tumor with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).METHODS:A total of 20 patients with esophageal and gastric submucosal tumors emerged from the muscular layer identified by endoscopic ultrasonography were collected from January 2009 to June 2010.Extramural or dumbbell-like lesions were excluded by an enhanced computerized tomography(CT) scan.All patients had intravenous anesthesia with propofol and then underwent the ESD procedure to resect these submucosal tumors.The incision was closed by clips as much as possible to decrease complications,such as bleeding or perforation,after resection of the tumor.All the specimens were collected and evaluated by hematoxylin,eosin and immunohistochemical staining,with antibodies against CD117,CD34,desmin,α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin to identify the characteristics of the tumors.Fletch’s criteria was used to evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).All patients underwent a follow-up endoscopy at 3,6 and 12 mo and CT scan at 6 and 12 mo.RESULTS:The study group consisted of 5 men and 15 women aged 45-73 years,with a mean age of 60.2 years.Three tumors were located in the esophagus,9 in the gastric corpus,4 in the gastric fundus,3 lesions in the gastric antrum and 1 in the gastric angulus.Apart from the one case in the gastric angulus which was abandoned due to being deeply located in the serosa,94.7%(18/19) achieved complete gross dissection by ESD with operation duration of 60.52±30.32 min.The average maximum diameter of tumor was 14.8±7.6 mm,with a range of 6 to 30 mm,and another lesion was ligated by an endoscopic ligator after most of the lesion was dissected.After pathological and immunohistochemical analysis,12 tumors were identified as a GI stromal tumor and 6 were leiomyoma.Mitotic count of all 12 GIST lesions was fewer than 5 per 50 HPF and all lesions were at very low(9/12,75.0%) or low risk(3/12,25.0%) according to Fletch’s criteria.Procedure complications mainly included perforation and GI bleeding;perforation occurred in 1 patient and conservative treatment succeeded by a suturing clip and no post-operative GI bleeding occurred.All patients were followed up for 6.5±1.8 mo(range,3-12 mo) by endoscopy and abdominal CT.Local recurrence and metastasis did not occur in any patient.CONCLUSION:ESD shows promise as a safe and feasible technique to resect esophageal and gastric submucosal tumors and the incidence of complications was very low.Clinical studies with more subjects and longer follow-up are needed to confirm its treatment value.     

Preoperative staging of gastric cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography and multidetector‐row computed tomography

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and multidetector‐row computed tomography (MDCT) for the locoregional staging of gastric cancer. EUS and computed tomography (CT) are valuable tools for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer. With the introduction of new therapeutic options and the recent improvements in CT technology, further evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of EUS and MDCT is needed. Methods: In total, 277 patients who underwent EUS and MDCT, followed by gastrectomy or endoscopic resection at Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, from July 2006 to April 2008, were analyzed. The results from the preoperative EUS and MDCT were compared to the postoperative pathological findings. Results: Among the 277 patients, the overall accuracy of EUS and MDCT for T staging was 74.7% and 76.9%, respectively. Among the 141 patients with visualized primary lesions on MDCT, the overall accuracy of EUS and MDCT for T staging was 61.7% and 63.8%, respectively. The overall accuracy for N staging was 66% and 62.8%, respectively. The performance of EUS and MDCT for large lesions and lesions at the cardia and angle had significantly lower accuracy than that of other groups. For EUS, the early gastric cancer lesions with ulcerative changes had significantly lower accuracy than those without ulcerative changes. Conclusions: For the preoperative assessment of individual T and N staging in patients with gastric cancer, the accuracy of MDCT was close to that of EUS. Both EUS and MDCT are useful complementary modalities for the locoregional staging of gastric cancer.