评估冠心病左室舒张功能多普勒几项技术的对比研究

目的　探讨二尖瓣口血流多普勒、肺静脉血流多普勒及组织多普勒成像技术评价左室舒张功能 ,并对该三种多普勒技术进行对比性研究。方法　对 166例冠心病患者的舒张功能进行检测 ,分别探测二尖瓣口血流舒张早期与心房收缩期峰值速度E A比值、肺静脉血流收缩期与舒张早期峰值速度S D比值以及二尖瓣环室间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁四个壁舒张早期及晚期运动速率比值的平均值e a比值。结果　在冠心病患者左室舒张功能轻度不全时 (E A <1) ,二尖瓣环DTI测值e a <1的阳性率最高 ,为 10 0 % ,肺静脉血流S D >1.5比值的阳性率为 98%。在二尖瓣口血流频谱多普勒显示假性正常时 ( 2 >E A >1) ,二尖瓣环DTI测值e a <1的阳性率为 93 % ,而肺静脉血流频谱多普勒S D <1的阳性率仅为 76%。在二尖瓣口血流频谱多普勒显示限制性充盈时 (E A >2 ) ,二尖瓣环DTI测值e a <1的阳性率则为 5 8% ,而肺静脉血流频谱多普勒S D <1的阳性率为 83 %。结论　在舒张功能减退的早期 ,二尖瓣环DTI测值阳性率最高。在二尖瓣口血流频谱多普勒显示假性正常时 ,二尖瓣环DTI明显优于肺静脉血流频谱。在限制性充盈时 ,二尖瓣环e a的阳性率反而不及肺静脉血流     

应用肺静脉血流频谱诊断左室舒张功能障碍的临床意义

目的　研究肺静脉血流频谱改变对诊断左室舒张功能障碍的临床价值。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声心动图检查正常人 48例 (对照组 )、冠心病心衰患者 5 2例的肺静脉血流频谱峰值 (Sp、Dp、ap)及其速度时间积分 (Si、Di、ai)和等容舒张时间 ,分别加以对比分析。结果　冠心病组中ap、ai较正常人组显著增大 ,而Si、Dp、Di和Dp/ap、Di/ai值明显减小。ap、ai增大幅度与左室舒张功能障碍明显相关。二尖瓣口血流频谱AP >EP能反应左室舒张功能的一般状态 ,但在心衰晚期常会出现伪正常现象。等容舒张时间的延长也是左室舒张功能障碍表现之一。结论　肺静脉血流频谱可直观反应左室舒张功能障碍 ,特别是在二尖瓣的血流频谱出现伪正常时应有肺静脉血流频谱结合等容舒张时间延长 ,更能充分显示出诊断的可靠价值     

组织多普勒超声心动图评价冠心病患者心室舒张功能

目的采用组织多普勒技术观察冠心病患者心室舒张功能的改变及左室和右室舒张功能的关系。方法研究24例正常健康人和20例冠心病患者,应用多普勒超声技术测量二尖瓣口及三尖瓣口舒张期血流速度;应用组织多普勒超声技术测量二尖瓣环一左室侧壁交界处及三尖瓣环一右室侧壁交界处心肌运动频谱。测量二尖瓣及三尖瓣舒张早期血流速度（E）、舒张晚期血流速度（A）及E／A,心肌舒张早期运动速度（Em）、晚期运动速度（Am）及Em／Am,测量E／Em。结果与正常组比较,冠心病组左室舒张期二尖瓣血流速度E／A显著减小（P〈0．01）,三尖瓣血流E／A亦显著减小（P〈0．01）;组织多普勒所测左右心室Em、Am、Em／Am均减小（P〈0．01）,E/Em增大（P〈0．01）;冠心病组左室与右室间E/Em比值高度相关（r=0．83）。结论冠心病患者的左室舒张功能异常,伴有右室舒张功能的改变,右室与左室舒张功能的改变相关。应用组织多普勒和频谱多普勒联合评价心室舒张功能,纠正了频谱多普勒评价心室舒张功能出现的假正常现象。     

脉冲多普勒对冠心病左室舒张功能检测的探讨

本文用脉冲多普勒超声技术检测了健康人组和冠心病人组的二尖瓣口血流频谱,发现两组人的血流频谱有很大差别,冠心病人组的左室舒张功能降低.脉冲多普勒超声检测可用于冠心病的诊断并为其疗效和预后提供了较好的检测方法.     

多普勒组织成像对高血压左心室肥厚患者左心室舒张功能的评价

目的 应用多普勒组织成像（DTI）技术评价高血压左心室肥厚患者左心室舒张功能，并与二尖瓣血流频谱作对比。方法 研究对象为35例临床与超声诊断的高血压左心室肥厚患者（高心组）和20例正常人（对照组）。采用心尖四腔观，选取室间隔中段，左室侧壁中段，二尖瓣环-室间隔交界处、二尖瓣环一侧壁交界处为取样点，分别显示各部位组织的运动情况，并测量心肌收缩峰速度（Vs）、心肌舒张早期峰值速度（Ve）、舒张晚期峰值速度（VA）及VE与VA比值（VE/VA）。常规测量二尖瓣血流频谱，与DTI参数作对比。结果 与对照组相比，高心组室间隔中段，侧壁中段、二尖瓣环VE、VE/VA均显著下降，各部位VE/VA均与二尖瓣血流频谱E/A之间存在高度相关性；DTI对高血压左心室肥厚患者左心室舒张功能异常的诊断灵敏度高于二尖瓣血流频谱。结论 DTI技术可以定量评价高血压左心室肥厚患者的左心室舒张功能，并且比常规脉冲波多普勒二尖瓣血流参数更加敏感。     

应用彩色M型多普勒测量舒张早期左室流入道血流传播速度评价冠心病患者左室舒张期功能

目的 :用彩色M型多普勒测量舒张早期左室流入道血流传播速度评价冠心病患者左室舒张功能并鉴别二尖瓣“假性正常”的充盈类型。方法 :选择 5 9例冠心病患者及 3 0例正常人 ,根据二尖瓣血流频谱形态和临床资料分为四组。第1组频谱形态正常型 ( 2 >E/A >1) ;第 2组松弛受损型 (E/A <1) ;第 3组假性正常型 ( 2 >E/A >1) ;第 4组限制型 (E/A≥ 2 )。均与正常组对照。应用彩色M型多普勒测定舒张早期血流传播速度 ,同时用脉冲Doppler测二尖瓣口的血流速度频谱。结果 :血流传播速度在冠心病各组内呈进行性减低 ( P <0 .0 1) ,截断点为 45cm/s。结论 :彩色M型多普勒测量血流传播速度能无创、简便、准确地评价左室舒张功能 ,无假阴性。对二尖瓣血流频谱“假性正常”者具有鉴别价值     

组织多普勒超声心动图对左室舒张功能的诊断价值

目的探讨组织多普勒超声心动图对左室舒张功能的诊断价值。方法对病人组（扩张型心肌病8例、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病12例、高血压性心脏病12例、糖尿病性心脏病8例）40例及正常人40例（对照组）：①应用组织多普勒成像技术（TDI）检测二尖瓣环运动频谱,测量舒张早期峰值速度（Ea）和舒张晚期峰值速度（Aa）,并计算Ea/Aa比值;②应用脉冲多普勒技术检测二尖瓣口血流频谱,测量舒张早期峰值流速（E）和舒张晚期峰值流速（A）,并计算E/A比值。结果病人组40例均出现二尖瓣环运动频谱异常,其中32例Ea〈12 cm·s^-1（Ea/Aa〈1）（即二尖瓣血流频谱表现为弛张异常型舒张功能减低22例＋假性正常化10例）,8例Ea明显减小（〈8 cm·s^-1）（即二尖瓣血流频谱表现为限制异常型舒张功能减低）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而二尖瓣口血流频谱异常共30例,包括22例E/A〈1（表现为驰张异常型舒张功能减低）和8例E峰明显高于A峰,E/A≥2（表现为限制异常型舒张功能减低）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。病人组有10例二尖瓣口血流频谱与对照组相似,E/A为1~2（表现为假性正常化）。结论TDI检测二尖瓣环运动频谱比脉冲多普勒技术检测二尖瓣口血流频谱对左室舒张功能的评价更敏感,二者结合应用可提高对左室舒张功能评价的准确性。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图评价冠心病左室舒张功能的临床价值

目的应用彩色多普勒超声心动图测定冠心病左室舒张功能，为临床提供可靠的诊断及治疗依据。方法分别测定冠心病组及对照组的左室舒张功能：二尖瓣口左室快速充盈峰值血流速度即E峰；左室舒张晚期峰值速度即A峰；E／A值，左室等容舒张时间（IVRT），E峰减速时间（DT），二尖瓣前叶E峰与室间隔左室面的距离（EPSS）。结果冠心病组与正常对照组相比，E峰明显降低，A峰相对较高，E／A值明显降低，IVRT明显延长，EPSS有所延长。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图评价冠心病左室舒张功能具有临床诊断价值。     

肺静脉血流频谱评价冠心病患者左心室舒张功能的价值

目的：应用彩色多普勒超声心动图研究冠心病患者肺静脉血流频谱对左心室舒张功能的价值。方法：用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测冠心病患者和相同年龄组正常人各45例的右上肺静脉血流频谱峰值（Sp、Dp、ap）及其速度时间积分（Si、Di、ai），与所检测的二尖瓣口血流频谱峰值（Ep、Ap)、速度时间积分（Ei、Ai)及等容舒张时间相比较，将结果对比分析。结果：冠心病组ap、ai较正常组显著增大，Si、Dp、Di和Dp/ap、Di/ai值明显减小，ap、ai增大幅度与左室舒张功能明显相关。二尖瓣口血流频谱测值一般反映了左室舒张功能状态，但对几例出现的“伪正常”频谱表现难以明确评价。结论：肺静脉血流可直观反映冠心病患者左心房内的压力状态，其频谱特征与二尖瓣口血流频谱结合评价左室舒张功能较用二尖瓣口血流频谱一种方法更加准确可靠。     

多普勒超声心动图对经胸放疗期间左室舒张功能的评价

目的：应用多普勒超声心动图监测经胸放疗期间左室舒张功能的变化。方法：36例经胸放射治疗的患者，进行两次多普勒超声心动图检查，首诊检查：放射治疗前1～3天；复诊检查：放射治疗结束当天。测量舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱及二尖瓣环运动频谱的两峰比值（E／A，e／a）。结果：舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱及二尖瓣环运动频谱的两峰值比率均显示．两次测量结果间存在显著性差异（E／A：0．77±0．19 vs 0．69±0．13，e／a：0．82＋0．31 vs 0．75±0．19，均P〈0．05）。结论：经胸放疗期间左室舒张功能受损，多普勒超声心动图可及时作出诊断。     

Diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by Doppler echocardiography

Left ventricular(LV) diastolic dysfunction with preserved LV systolic function is common among patients with hypertension, especially with LV hypertrophy. Doppler echocardiography is one of the most useful clinical tools for the evaluation of diastolic function. Mitral inflow and pulmonary venous flow velocities are used not only for the assessment of diastolic function but also for predicting prognosis. Recently, tissue Doppler echocardiography has been also applied to evaluate diastolic function. Accurate assessment of diastolic function has been demonstrated by measuring both mitral annulus and mitral inflow velocity. In this article, We review the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction by Doppler echocardiography using mitral inflow velocity, pulmonary venous flow velocity and mitral annulus velocity measured by tissue Doppler imaging.     

Characteristics and prevalence of various types of left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in patients with chronic cardiac failure

Prevalence of systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunctions of the left ventricle (SDLV, DDLV) was studied in 223 patients with chronic cardiac failure (CCF) arising in the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD) and their combination. The diagnosis was made in outpatient diagnostic center and included patients free of distinct clinical symptoms of CHD. DDLV was rather prevalent in a functional class (FC) I of CCF, in AH patients with SDLV FC III and CHD patients. Mean duration of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) before CCF onset with various types of left ventricular dysfunction was determined. Echocardiographic, including Dopplerographic, criteria of SDLV and DDLV were studied and their significance depending on FC and etiology of CCF was ascertained. The study elicited regularities of CCF formation in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, impact of the latter on myocardial dysfunction, echocardiographic features of CCF by systolic and diastolic type.     

彩色M型多普勒超声心动图评价糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能

目的:应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量糖尿病患者左心室舒张早期血流传播速度,评价糖尿病患者的左心室舒张功能;材料与方法:应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量55例糖尿病患者及30例正常人的左心室舒张早期血流传播速度(Vp)。结果:糖尿病患者的左心室舒张早期血流传播速度比正常人明显减低,不论E/A<1或者E/A>1;结论:糖尿病患者存在左心室舒张功能障碍,应用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图测量左心室舒张早期血流传播速度能简便、准确地评价左心室舒张功能。     

应用瓦氏动作评价冠心病患者左室舒张功能

应用脉冲多普勒超声心动图对比观测了１４例正常人及２０例冠心病患者在瓦氏动作中二失瓣血流多普勒频谱的变化。结果表明，瓦氏动作可导致冠心病患者Ｅ／Ａ比值明显减小（Ｅ／Ａ＜１）。本研究提示，瓦氏动作为一快速降低左房压的有效方法；它可显著提高左室舒张功能紊乱患者多普勒超声心动图的检出率。     

Myocardial contractility evaluation by radionuclide 4D-tomoventriculography in patients with ischemic heart disease

AIM: To estimate the capabilities of the new technique radionuclide 4D-tomoventriculography (4D-RTVG) versus conventional methods, such as radionuclide equilibrium ventriculography (REVG), ECG-synchronized single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), and echocardiography (EchoCG), in the evaluation of systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 29 patients (19 males and 10 females) aged 43 to 66 years who had CHD. The diagnosis of CHD was established on the basis of coronary angiographic findings when the signs of coronary atherosclerosis were found. All the patients underwent 4D-RTVG, REVG, myocardial ECG-synchronized SPECT, and Echo CG. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation of the values obtained by 4D-RTVG versus REVG and EchoCG when ejection fraction and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume and the indices reflecting LV blood filling and ejection velocity were estimated. The correlation between the values provided by 4D-RTVG and myocardial ECG-synchronized SPECT females was slightly weaker. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that 4D-RTVG is highly reliable in evaluating both LV systolic and diastolic functions. That fact the technique is easy-to-use and mini-invasive shows that it may be clinically applied.     

Triphasic mitral inflow velocity with middiastolic filling: clinical implications and associated echocardiographic findings.

To explore underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of middiastolic filling, we measured early and late mitral inflow velocities, deceleration time of early mitral inflow velocity, and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E') recorded by pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography in 3 cardiac cycles of 35 patients with prominent mitral inflow (middiastolic flow velocity > or = 0.2 m/s). E' was measured at the septal corner of the mitral annulus by Doppler tissue echocardiography from the apical 4-chamber view and was found to be reduced (E' < 0.1 m/s) in all patients; early mitral inflow velocity/E' ratio was > 10 in all but 1 patient. Valsalva maneuver unmasked delayed relaxation in 15 (88%) of 17 patients and abolished middiastolic filling in 10 (59%). Triphasic mitral inflow with middiastolic flow is related to elevated filling pressure, delayed myocardial relaxation, and slow heart rate, indicating advanced diastolic dysfunction.     

Risk factors of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease

The last decade has witnessed increased interest in the problem of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) due to the growing prevalence of this condition (25-30% in patients above 45 years of age). In view of difficulties encountered in diagnostics of LVDD, we undertook the search for a continuum of concomitant pathology and predisposing factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on the clinical data, results of one- and two-dimensional echocardiography, pulsed- and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography, Doppler tissue visualization (DTV), and ultrasonic mapping of elastic-type arteries. The study included 119 patients with CHD and 2.69+-9. 46 functional class (nYHA) cardiac failure. Control group was comprised of 162 CHD patients without cardiac failure. LVDD was regarded as a dichotomic problem: 0 - the absence of the disease or LVDD. 1 - the presence of the disease or LVDD. The data obtained were treated by single- or multifactor analysis. Calculations using the relevant equation allowed the risk of LVDD in the studied cohort to be estimated with sensitivity 92.0% and specificity 91.2%.     

CMR for Assessment of Diastolic Function

Prevalence of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction amounts to 50% of all cases with heart failure. Diagnosis assessment requires evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Currently, echocardiography is the method of choice for diastolic function testing in clinical practice. Various applications are in use and recommended criteria are followed for classifying the severity of dysfunction. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers a variety of alternative applications for evaluation of diastolic function, some superior to echocardiography in accuracy and reproducibility, some being complementary. In this article, the role of the available CMR applications for diastolic function testing in clinical practice and research is reviewed and compared to echocardiography.     

Assessment of diastolic function by tissue Doppler echocardiography: comparison with standard transmitral and pulmonary venous flow.

The objective of this study was to determine the utility of Doppler tissue echocardiography in the evaluation of diastolic filling and in discriminating between normal subjects and those with various stages of diastolic dysfunction. We measured myocardial velocities in 51 patients with various stages of diastolic dysfunction and in 27 normal volunteers. The discriminating power of each of the standard Doppler indexes of left ventricular filling, pulmonary venous flow, and myocardial velocities was determined with the use of Spearman rank correlation and analysis of variance F statistics. Early diastolic myocardial velocity (E(m)) was higher in normal subjects (16.0 +/- 3.8 cm/s) than in patients with either delayed relaxation (n = 15, 7.5 +/- 2.2 cm/s), pseudonormal filling (n = 26, 7.6 +/- 2.3 cm/s), or restrictive filling (n = 10, 7.4 +/- 2.4 cm/s, P <.0001). E(m ) was the best single discriminator between control subjects and patients with diastolic dysfunction (P =.7, F = 64.5). Myocardial velocities assessed by Doppler tissue echocardiography are useful in differentiating patients with normal from those with abnormal diastolic function. Myocardial velocity remains reduced even in those stages of diastolic dysfunction characterized by increased preload compensation.     

实时三维超声心动图容积-时间曲线评价左心室舒张功能的初步研究

目的 利用实时三维超声心动图容积-时间曲线评价左室舒张功能正常及异常患者的曲线变化情况。方法以频谱组织多普勒二尖瓣环舒张早期速度〈二尖瓣环舒张晚期速度为左室舒张功能减低的诊断标准，取24例单纯左室舒张功能减低的患者（分为松弛延迟组及假性正常化组，各12例）和24例健康志愿者，进行实时三维超声心动图全容积采集，并进行容积-时间曲线分析，比较三组实时三维超声心动图参数：左室舒张末容积（EDV）、左室收缩末容积（ESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室最大射血速率（PER）、左室最大充盈速率（PFR）之间的差异。结果与正常对照组相比，松弛功能延迟组及假性正常化组的实时三维超声心动图舒张充盈参数PRF明显降低（P〈0．05），其他指标EDV、ESV、LVEF、PER无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论实时三维超声心动图容积-时间曲线参数PFR可以评估早期左室舒张功能减低，为临床评价左室舒张功能提供了一个无创、快速、准确的新手段。