关节镜下髌骨成形及髌周去神经化治疗髌股关节炎

目的:探讨关节镜下髌骨成形及髌周去神经化治疗髌股关节炎的手术方法和临床疗效。方法:自2011年9月至2013年3月收治髌股关节炎患者156例, 其中男62例, 女94例;年龄45～61岁, 平均52岁。临床表现为膝关节反复肿胀、疼痛, 上下楼、蹲下起立时疼痛加重。采用关节镜下髌骨成形及髌周去神经化治疗。手术前后采用Lysholm评分及Kujala评分对疗效进行评估, 并将软骨损伤程度进行分级后评估疗效。结果:术后149例获得随访, 时间10～18个月, 平均(14.8±3.5)个月, 切口均愈合良好, 未见并发症。Lysholm评分由术前73.29±4.48提高到术后80.93±4.21,Kajala评分由术前68.34±6.22提高到术后76.48±6.54,软骨损伤Ⅰ-Ⅲ级者术后疗效较好, 软骨损伤Ⅳ级者疗效较差。结论:关节镜下髌骨成形及髌周去神经化治疗髌股关节炎可明显缓解膝前疼痛, 改善膝关节功能, 提高生活质量, 延缓关节炎进程。     

臀肌挛缩症双侧一期关节镜下松解与开放松解的临床疗效分析

背景:臀肌挛缩症十分常见,常会导致不同程度的髋关节功能受限,目前常用的手术矫正方法有两种:传统开放松解和关节镜下松解。目的:比较关节镜下双侧一期松解与传统开放松解治疗臀肌挛缩的效果。方法:回顾性研究北京协和医院1995年1月至2018年12月收治的双侧臀肌挛缩患者,其中应用传统开放松解治疗的患者19例,关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解的患者21例。收集患者手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后疼痛、并发症发生率、复发率、髋关节内收活动度、Harris髋关节评分(HHS)等治疗指标。结果:术后随访6~24个月,平均14.8个月。与传统开放手术组相比,关节镜治疗组的平均手术时间更长(P<0.05),但手术切口更小、术中出血量更少、术后疼痛明显减轻(P<0.05)。术后并发症发生率、臀肌挛缩复发率及末次随访时的髋关节内收活动度、HHS评分,两组比较无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:关节镜下臀肌挛缩松解术安全、有效,相对于传统开放松解手术在保证治疗疗效的基础上在许多明显的优势,值得推广。     

关节镜下五步法臀肌松解治疗臀肌挛缩症

目的探讨关节镜下五步法臀肌松解治疗臀肌挛缩症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2019年6月香港大学深圳医院收治的52例(104髋)臀肌挛缩症患者的临床资料。患者均采用关节镜下五步法臀肌松解术,其中轻型19例、中型25例、重型8例。根据患者术后髋关节活动范围和步态、并膝下蹲情况评定临床疗效,同时观察术后臀肌挛缩量化评分的变化。结果随访时间6～24个月,平均随访时间13.7个月。临床疗效优良率90%(优32例、良15例、可5例);术前及末次随访臀肌挛缩量化评分分别为(50.6±17.2)和(89.9±7.3)分,手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。术后早期摇摆步态2例、伤口积液1例,无感染及重要神经血管损伤并发症。结论关节镜下五步法臀肌松解是治疗臀肌挛缩症的有效方法,创伤小,并发症少,有利于早期康复锻炼,短期疗效满意。     

韧带张力测量在髌骨外脱位内侧髌股韧带重建术中的应用评价

目的 评价重建韧带张力的测量在髌骨外脱位内侧髌股韧带（medial patellaremoral ligament,MPFL）重建术中的应用效果。方法 前瞻性纳入我科2014年1月至2018年12月收治的髌骨外脱位病人共75例,并随机分为两组。观察组36例,利用拉力秤张力测量的方法,选取自身的胫骨结节内侧半腱肌腱,镜下辅助双股MPFL重建术进行治疗;对照组39例,术中未使用拉力秤,以手法复位髌骨的方式重建MPFL。术后采用膝关节损伤和骨关节炎评分（knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score,KOOS）、Kujala评分、髌骨适合角、髌骨倾斜角来评价临床效果。结果 随访过程中3例病人失访（观察组1例,对照组2例）,72例随访14~54个月（平均42个月）。两组病人治疗后的KOOS评分、Kujala评分、髌骨适合角、髌骨倾斜角均较术前得到改善,与术前数值比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。但两组手术前后的KOOS评分、Kujala评分、髌骨适合角、髌骨倾斜角的差值比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。对照组1例病人术后出现髌骨高压的症状。结论 术中采用拉力秤辅助固定韧带是简单有效的预防术后髌股关节高压症的方法。     

关节镜治疗臀肌挛缩症和阔筋膜张肌挛缩症

目的:探讨关节镜下治疗臀肌挛缩症和阔筋膜张肌挛缩症的临床疗效。方法:24例臀肌挛缩症(均为双侧发病)和4例阔筋膜张肌挛缩症(单侧发病),男12例,女16例;年龄5-23岁,平均15.2岁。采用关节镜治疗,其中24例臀肌挛缩患者均有臀部注射史,关节镜下见挛缩纤维化的臀肌及挛缩增厚的阔筋膜,均在关节镜下切断。结果:28例术后随访6-18个月,平均12个月,按黄耀添等评定标准:24例臀肌挛缩症患者,全部行手术治疗,优19例,良3例,可2例;4例阔筋膜张肌挛缩症患者,行手术治疗,治疗结果全部为良。结论:关节镜下治疗臀肌挛缩症和阔筋膜张肌挛缩症,切口小,创伤小,出血少,并发症少,术后恢复快。     

臀大肌止点上移松解术治疗重症臀肌挛缩症的远期疗效观察

[目的]探讨臀大肌止点上移松解术治疗重症臀肌挛缩症的远期疗效.[方法]160例重症臀肌李缩症患者分为两组,分别接受传统臀肌松解术及臀大肌止点上移松解术,平均随访66.3个月,比较其外展挛缩角度改善,并通过自制评分系统对疗效进行评价.[结果]134例随访患者中接受臀大肌止点上移松解术其外展挛缩角度改善及疗效评分均优于接受传统臀肌松解术患者.[结论]臀大肌止点上移松解治疗重症臀肌挛缩症远期疗效满意,优于传统臀肌松解术.     

臀大肌止点肌腱Z字延长术治疗重度臀肌挛缩症

目的:探讨臀肌挛缩筋膜松解联合臀大肌止点肌腱Z字延长术治疗重度臀肌挛缩症的临床疗效。方法:选择2006年5月至2011年5月20例35侧重度臀肌挛缩症患者, 其中男12例, 女8例;年龄8～34岁, 平均13岁;病程3～21年。患者均表现有不同程度的步态异常, 双膝并拢不能下蹲, Ober征阳性, 翘腿试验阳性, 术中进行臀肌挛缩筋膜松解后, 再将臀大肌止点肌腱作Z字延长治疗。随访对比观察治疗前后步态、并膝屈髋下蹲试验、交腿试验、髋关节内收及内旋活动度、髋关节外展后伸肌力(臀大肌力量)及运动能力等。结果:20例均获随访, 时间1～5年。臀大肌松解均彻底, 弹响均完全消失, Ober征均阴性, 髋关节并膝屈髋、髋内收、髋内旋角度与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),臀肌肌力得到保护, 髋关节活动度及运动能力等恢复良好, 其中优31侧, 良4侧。结论:对于重度的臀肌挛缩患者, 在进行传统的臀肌挛缩筋膜松解后再将臀大肌止点肌腱作Z字延长, 无须过多切除正常的臀肌纤维及破坏关节囊, 即可使臀肌挛缩得到最大程度的松解, 术后疗效确切。     

臀肌挛缩症临床分型与关节镜下微创手术

目的:探讨臀肌挛缩症的分型与关节镜下松解术的疗效。方法:臀肌挛缩症358例,男175例,女183例;平均年龄(19.7±6.8)岁(14～41岁),患者均有反复青霉素与苯甲醇溶媒肌肉注射史。按临床特点和术中挛缩束带情况分为:索条型(118例),扇型(107例),混合型(87例),阔筋膜张肌挛缩型(46例)。术后根据臀肌挛缩功能综合评价标准进行疗效评价。结果:术后随访321例,失访37例,随访时间平均3.5年(1.5～8.0年)。根据评价标准进行术后疗效评价,优303例,良13例,可5例。术后无复发、感染和神经血管损伤。结论:根据臀肌挛缩的分型选择手术方式有利于提高术后疗效。关节镜监视下等离子刀微创松解术治疗臀肌挛缩症,创伤小、操作安全、疗效可靠,有利于早期功能康复。     

臀肌松解术治疗臀肌挛缩导致膝骨性关节炎52例临床分析

目的：探讨臀肌挛缩松解术对预防臀肌挛缩症导致膝骨性关节炎发生的临床疗效与意义。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年6月收治的臀肌挛缩导致膝骨性关节炎患者52例,男15例,女37例;年龄15～45岁,平均35岁;左侧18例,右侧30例,双侧4例。本组52例均进行臀肌挛缩松解术。术后采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分对患者术前、术后客观结果进行评估。结果：52例均获随访,时间12～37个月,平均15个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分由术前平均（68.12±0.78）分改善为术后末次随访时的（91.23±0.47）分,术后评分提高（t=31.269,P〈0.01）。结论：臀肌松解术能有效缓解臀肌挛缩症及膝骨性关节炎的症状。臀肌挛缩症的患者,早期治疗可以有效防止臀肌挛缩对膝关节的力学影响,减缓膝关节的早期退变,预防膝骨性关节炎。     

关节镜下松解术治疗臀肌挛缩症

[目的]探讨关节镜下松解术治疗臀肌挛缩症患者的临床效果。[方法]回顾分析2014年6月～2017年6月本院手术治疗的臀肌挛缩症患者129例。其中,镜下组65例,予以关节镜辅助下等离子刀切除挛缩带及腱板松解术;开放组64例,予以传统开放松解术。比较两组切口长度、术中出血量、手术用时、住院时间、下床活动时间和术后止痛药物使用人数比例及并发症发生情况。采用生活质量评分(SF-36)评价临床效果。[结果]镜下组切口长度短于开放组,镜下组术中出血量少于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。镜下组住院时间少于开放组,而下床活动时间早于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。镜下组术后止痛药物使用人数比例显著低于开放组(P0.05);镜下组术后并发症发生率为3.08%,而开放组为14.06%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年以上,两组术后1年SF-36评分均较术前增高(P0.05),两组术后1年SF-36评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。镜下组术后1年功能和疗效优良率92.31%,与开放组95.31%相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]臀肌挛缩症患者予以关节镜下松解术治疗不仅疗效确切,且具有创伤轻、并发症少、患者疼痛感轻、术后恢复快等特点。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带紧缩并外侧髌韧带松解治疗髌股关节疼痛综合征临床对照试验

目的：探讨关节镜下内侧髌股韧带紧缩并外侧髌韧带松解治疗髌股关节疼痛综合征的手术疗效。方法：将100例髌股关节疼痛综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各50例，男35例，女65例；年龄50-70岁，平均63岁。手术均在关节镜下进行，治疗组采用内侧髌股韧带紧缩、外侧髌韧带松解术式；对照组采用临床广泛使用单一外侧髌韧带松解手术。结果：随访平均13个月，采用HSS（hospitalforspecialsurgery）慢性疾病及关节炎评估系统评价疗效，治疗组平均积分（73．52±11．17）分；对照组平均积分（65．50±13．70）分（P〈O．05）。结论：内侧髌股韧带紧缩并外侧髌韧带松解治疗髌股关节疼痛综合征临床疗效满意。与外侧髌韧带松解术式相比，更能纠正髌股关节的病理运动轨迹，使髌股关节内外侧间隙平衡更为容易，对髌前疼痛的缓解更有效，术后无关节内血肿、髌骨坏死和髌骨脱位等并发症发生。     

Arthroskopische Arthrolyse bei Arthrofibrose nach Ersatzplastik des vorderen Kreuzbandes

Objective

Restoration of free knee motion taking into account knee extension, knee flexion, and patella mobility.

Indications

Prolonged knee motion restriction after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, persistent decreased patella mobility, or extension deficit.

Contraindications

Existing significant joint irritation or active reflex dystrophy with persistent distinctive pain syndrome.

Surgical technique

Arthroscopic arthrolysis possible in most cases. Removal of adhesions in all compartments. Elimination of intraarticular cause of patella infera by removing infrapatellar scar tissue and fibrotic fat pad. In case of severe peripatellar fibrotic tissue, lateral release is useful with partial transection of lateral retinacula. In case of strong capsular contracture, additional medial release indicated to improve patella mobility. Important goal of arthrolysis: full range of knee extension. Arthrolysis for scar tissue removal in the posterior recessus through dorsomedial arthroscopic approach possible. In severe cases posteromedial arthrotomy for posterior capsule release required. Cyclops syndrome makes removal of all tissue adherent to the ACL necessary. An irregular ACL insertion or intercondylar notch stenosis may require notchplasty. Postoperative recurrence of fibrosis may require repeated arthroscopic surgery to improve mobility, such as notchplasty, osteophytes resection, scar removal, and releases.

Postoperative management

Immediate postoperative pain-free physical therapy taking into account full range of extension and patella mobility. Passive exercises under traction. Lymphatic drainage. No exercising in pain throughout the entire postoperative physical therapy. Continuous passive motion treatment for 4 weeks postoperatively useful. No muscle strength or equipment training for at least 3 months postoperatively.

Results

Based on the observations in our working group, approximately pproximately 78?% of patients develop knee osteoarthritis within 5 years.     

内侧髌股韧带重建联合胫骨结节移位和关节镜下外侧支持带松解术治疗持久性髌骨脱位

目的观察内侧髌股韧带重建联合胫骨结节移位和关节镜下外侧支持带松解术治疗持久性髌骨脱位的效果。方法对6例持久性髌骨脱位患者的10个膝关节行内侧髌股韧带重建联合胫骨结节移位和关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解术。手术前后采用Lysholm膝关节功能评价表和Kujala评分表进行评估,并通过CT观测手术前后髌骨外移度。结果 6例均获随访,时间24～36(29±7.21)个月。Lysholm评分术前为47.10分±10.31分,术后24个月为83.11分±5.21分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Kujala评分术前为41.26分±13.36分,术后24个月为82.33分±5.31分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患膝运动能力均较术前明显改善。髌骨外移度术前为35.61 mm±5.37 mm,术后为4.30mm±1.13mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内侧髌股韧带重建联合胫骨结节移位和关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解术能够有效纠正持久性髌骨外侧脱位,缓解症状,恢复膝关节功能。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建和外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:评价内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法:2011年3月至2013年6月在关节镜下进行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位15例,男5例,女10例;年龄14～32岁,平均19.4岁;髌骨脱位2次及以上.术前常规行X线、CT、MR检查了解髌股关节及内侧髌股韧带情况,关节功能Lysholm评分69.85±11.52,术中镜下查看髌股对合关系及髌骨运动轨迹.术中使用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带同时关节镜下外侧支持带松解.结果:所有患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均27.6个月,患者无再发髌骨脱位及半脱位,伸直位及屈曲30°位恐惧试验和髌骨外移试验均为阴性,术后12个月患者完全恢复正常活动,膝关节无主观不适,术后Lysholm评分92.60±5.75,较术前提高.结论:关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解手术能有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,缓解症状,重建髌骨稳定性.     

Arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty for chronic anterior knee pain after previous failed conservative and arthroscopic treatment. Report of two cases

PurposeA proportion of patients having years of chronic anterior knee pain(AKP) that have not responded to non-operative modalities. Trochlear dysplasia have been found to be a cause for AKP. By restoring the anatomy with a trochleoplasty procedure the patellofemoral joint is unloaded. This study is a prospective 2 year follow-up study, based on two cases with chronic AKP for several years and having severe trochlear dysplasia and both were successfully treated by arthroscopic deepening trochleoplasty.MethodsCase one was a 46 year old women with chronic anterior knee pain (AKP). Imaging showed lateral trochlear inclination angle of 2°, trochlear asymmetry 0.36, central height 81% and medial height 83%. Thepreoperative Kujala score was 70 and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale for pain was 67. Case two was a 26 year old man troubled by AKP and knee knee joint effusion for >8 years without any instability in the history. Imaging showed lateral trochlear inclination angle of 6°, trochlear asymmetry 0.25, central height 76% and medial height 78%. The preoperative Kujala score was 49 and KOOS subscale for pain was 72.ResultsThe postoperative Kujala score was for case one 82 and for case two 81. The postoperative KOOS subscale for pain was for case one 89 and for case two 92. Improvement in the KOOS subscale for sport and recreational activities and quality of living were also found.ConclusionThis is the first case report to demonstrate that patient having had years of chronic AKP and trochlear dysplasia can be successfully treated by arthroscopic trochleoplasty.     

腘绳肌腱移植包埋法重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 :探讨腘绳肌腱移植包埋法重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法 :2008年3月至2013年6月间收治复发性髌骨脱位67例,其中男28例,女39例;年龄10~42岁,平均22岁。临床表现为膝关节不稳感,"打软腿",髌骨错位感,膝前疼痛等。67例均行腘绳肌腱移植包埋法重建内侧髌股韧带。术前后采用Lysholm评分及Q角变化对疗效进行评估。结果:术后67例均获随访,随访时间4~60个月,平均(27.5±13.4)个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无髌骨脱位或半脱位发生。Lysholm评分由术前76.35±2.86提高到术后82.71±2.29;Q角从术前(18.75±2.33)°降至术后(13.28±1.75)°。结论:腘绳肌腱移植包埋方法重建内侧髌股韧带可以提供足够的张力,恢复髌骨稳定性,改善膝关节功能。     

Arthroscopic C‐Shaped Release Around the Greater Trochanter for Gluteal Muscle Contracture

ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter in gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscopy.MethodsFrom December 2016 to January 2018, 185 patients with gluteal muscle contracture who treated under arthroscopy were reviewed, including 69 males and 116 females. All patients had a history of repeated intramuscular injection into the buttocks. The follow signs were positive in all the patients before surgery: squatting and crouching disability, difficulty in crossing the leg, Ober''s sign positive, clicking sound during rotation of the hip. The C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter under arthroscopy was performed in 96 cases (C‐shaped release group) with an average age of 24.6 ± 4.9 years old, and conventional gluteal muscle contracture release under arthroscopy was performed in 89 cases (conventional release group) with an average age of 25.1 ± 5.0 years. The released tissues in the C‐shaped release group: iliotibial band (ITB) about 5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter, the contracture tissue near the posterior and superior of the greater trochanter, which depended on both intraoperative physical examination and arthroscopic observation. The released tissues in conventional release group: the contracture tissues in gluteal muscles according to observation under arthroscopy. The gluteal muscle contracture disability scale (GDS) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated before surgery and at the last follow‐up.ResultsThe average release time after making arthroscopic operation space for each lower limb were 12.2 ± 3.2 min in the C‐shaped release group, and 21.4 ± 6.1 min in the conventional release group (P = 0.000). All the patients were followed for at least of 2 years after operation. There was one case of wound hematoma in the C‐shaped release group and five cases in the conventional release group(P = 0.079), abductor weakness (IV level)occurred in two patients in the C‐shaped release group and five cases in the conventional release group (P = 0.208). GDS was 49.3 ± 17.3 (22 to 70) in theC‐shaped release group and 48.1 ± 15.6 (23 to 69) in the conventional release group before surgery (P = 0.622), 91.7 ± 5.2 (83 to 100) in the C‐shaped release group and 90.2 ± 6.1 (83 to 98) in the conventional release group (P = 0.073) with difference nearly significant at last follow‐up.ConclusionArthroscopic C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter had less operation time, acceptable complication occurrence, and it has an optimistic outcome for gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscope.