声学定量硝酸异山梨醇酯试验预测冠心病患者择期经皮冠？…

目的 检验声学定量－硝酸异山梨醇酯试验（ＡＱ－ＩＳＤＮ）能否在术前预测择期经皮冠脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后心功能。方法 随机对择期ＰＴＣＡ３０例患者在介入前应用声学定量技术（ＡＱ）测定经口吸入硝酸异山梨醇酯（ＩＳＤＮ）２．５ｍｇ之前及吸入后５ｍｉｎ的左心功能参数的改变。并与介入后ＡＱ左心功能测值相对照。结果 介入肖吸入ＩＳＤＮ后５ｍｉｎ峰值射血率（ＰＥＲ）的改变与介入后ＰＥＲ的改变相关、相关系数ｒ     

吸入一氧化氮治疗兔油酸急性呼吸窘迫综合征

目的：探讨吸入一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）肺换气功能的影响及其毒副作用。方法：油酸诱发新西兰兔ＡＲＤＳ模型后分组（ｎ＝９）进行机械通气治疗４ｈｒ：（１）对照组；（２）吸入２０ｐｐｍＮＯ（ＮＯ组）。于动物实验的基础状态、治疗前测定ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２、肺内静动脉分流（Ｑ·ｓ／Ｑ·ｔ）、血ＮＯ２－／ＮＯ３－和高铁血红蛋白（ＭｅｔＨｂ），治疗后ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２于１、２、４ｈｒ，其余指标于４ｈｒ复查一次。观察肺病理并测定肺湿干重比（Ｗ／Ｄ）。结果：治疗后，对照组ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２较治疗前呈下降趋势（４ｈｒ，Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｑ·ｓ／Ｑ·ｔ增加（４ｈｒ，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＯ组各时点ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２均较治疗前和同时点的对照组明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．０５），Ｑ·ｓ／Ｑ·ｔ明显低于治疗前和同时点的对照组（４ｈｒ，Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。实验结束时，ＮＯ组ＮＯ２－／ＮＯ３－和ＭｅｔＨｂ较对照组显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），两组的肺病理和Ｗ／Ｄ无明显区别。结论：吸入２０ｐｐｍ能够明显改善兔油酸型ＡＲＤＳ的肺换气功能，无明显近期毒副作用     

一种新高频通气方法对实验性急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效观察

在高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）治疗犬实验性急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）时，采用连续ＨＦＪＶ基础上间歇叠加深吸气（ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ）的新通气方法，以期为ＡＲＤＳ的治疗寻找一种新途径。用油酸复制犬ＡＲＤＳ模型，并随机分为３组。ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ组（ｎ＝１０）：在连续ＨＦＪＶ基础上每隔１０分钟加入１次深吸气；常规机械通气组（ＣＭＶ，ｎ＝１０），给予０．７８５ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝１０．２０ｃｍＨ２Ｏ）呼气末正压（ＰＥＥＰ）治疗；对照组（ｎ＝１０），未予通气治疗。每隔１小时测定１次氧合及血流动力学指标，共观察５小时。注射油酸后，动脉氧分压（ＰａＯ２）由１２．４００ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）降至６．５６０ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０１），动脉二氧化碳分压（Ｐａ－ＣＯ２）未见明显变化。通气治疗后，ＣＭＶ和ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ均使ＰａＯ２明显升高，ＰａＣＯ２无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ的氧释放指数（ＤＯ２Ｉ）明显高于ＣＭＶ组（Ｐ＞０．０５），心脏指数（ＣＩ）在ＣＭＶ组及ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ组均明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：ＨＦＪＶ＋ＤＩ时ＰａＯ２的提高大于ＣＩ下降所致的不利影响，在改善组织缺氧方面明显优于ＣＭＶ时加用ＰＥＥＰ     

超声心动图评价闭塞性肺血管病、右心功能及吸入一氧化氮的影响

本文报道了应用超声心动图面积－长度法评价１５例闭塞性肺血管病右心功能及吸入一氧化氮（ＮＯ）后右心功能的变化。结果表明右室舒张末期容积（ＲＶＥＤＶ）和收缩末期容积（ＲＶＥＳＶ）增加，右室每搏量（ＲＶＳＶ）、右室射血分数（ＲＶＥＦ）和右心排血量（ＲＶＣＯ）均降低。吸入ＮＯ后收缩期跨三尖瓣峰值压差平均降低２３％（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＲＶＥＤＶ和ＲＶＥＳＶ分别减小１７．７％和３７．４（Ｐ值均小于０．００１），ＲＶＳＶ、ＲＶＥＦ、ＲＶＣＯ分别增加３０．８％、５８．７％、３４．４％（Ｐ值均小于０．０１－０．００１），提示右心功能有明显改善。     

声学定量对维持性血透前后左心功能的对比研究

采用声学定量技术（ＡＱ）检查２６名维持性血透（ＨＤ）患者血透前后的心脏。由于在按压动静脉瘘管（ＡＶＦ）前后分别测量了左心功能各参数，故在较短时间内实现了对同一心脏四种不同负荷情况的心功能研究。ＡＱ法实时测定左室舒张末期容积（ＥＤＶ），是直接观察心脏前负荷的可靠指标。结果一次ＨＤ后，ＥＤＶ、收缩末期容积（ＥＳＶ）、每搏输出量（ＳＶ）、心排血量（ＣＯ）、左室径（ＬＶＤ）都明显降低。高峰充盈率（ＰＦＲ）和高峰射血率（ＰＥＲ）明显改善，分别由２．４４±０．６５增至２．７７±０．６８（Ｐ值＝０．００５）和２．１９±０．４９增至２．７８±０．７６（Ｐ值＝０．０００）。这是由于心脏前负荷减少、心肌代谢状况和很多其他因素改善的结果。     

溶栓对急性心肌梗塞患者左心功能的影响

目的： 评价溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者左心功能的影响。方法：经静脉溶栓治疗的９６ 例患者ＡＭＩ后１ 个月进行锝９９ 心肌扫描,计算各项心功能指标。结果：５９ 例再通者的ＥＦ％ 、ＰＥＲ和ＰＦＲ均明显优于３７ 例未通者（Ｐ均＜ ０．０１）。左室扩张者的各类指标与ＬＶＥＤｄ 呈负相关（ｒ＝ － ０．４１～－ ０．８０, Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论： ＡＭＩ的溶栓治疗能明显地改善心功能     

超声心动图评价闭塞性肺血管病,右心功能及吸入一氧化氮…

本文报道了应用超声心动图面积－长度法评价１５例闭塞性肺血管病右心功能及吸入一氧化氮（ＮＯ）后左右心功能的变化。结果表明右室舒张末期容积（ＲＶＥＤＶ）和收缩末期容积（ＲＶＥＳＶ）增加，右室每搏量（ＲＶＳＶ）、右室射血分数９ＲＶＥＦ）和右心排血量（ＲＶＣＯ０均降低。吸入ＮＯ后收缩期跨三尖瓣峰值压差平均降低２３％（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＲＶＥＤＶ和ＲＶＥＳＶ分别减小１７．７％和３７．４％（Ｐ值均小于０．０９     

N-甲基天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂AP-5在海马对兔P3波电位的作用

目的推测Ｎ甲基天冬氨酸受体（ＮｍｅｔｈｙｌＤａｓｐａｒａｔｅｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＮＭＤＡＲ）的兴奋性突触后电位（ｅｘｃｉｔａｔｏｒｙｐｏｓｔｓｙｎａｐｔｉｃｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓ,ＥＰＳＰ）活动对兔Ｐ３波的作用。方法采用ＮＭＤＡＲ竞争性拮抗剂ＡＰ５（３．１２５、６．２５、１２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）在海马ＣＡ１、ＣＡ３微量注入,观察Ｐ３波电位变化。结果ＡＰ５在ＣＡ１区呈一定量效依赖延长Ｐ３ａ波潜伏期,在ＣＡ１、ＣＡ３为明显量效依赖延长Ｐ３ｂ波潜伏期,ＡＰ５对Ｐ３ａ、Ｐ３ｂ波电压振幅无明显影响。结论ＣＡ１区ＮＭＤＡＲＥＰＳＰ活动是Ｐ３ａ波发生相关神经元兴奋的易化因素,可能是海马实施对Ｐ３ａ波潜伏期调节的重要机制。ＣＡ１、ＣＡ３区ＮＭＤＡＲＥＰＳＰ可能共同对Ｐ３ｂ波发生相关神经元兴奋起易化作用,故可影响其潜伏期。     

经食管多普勒定量估测冠状动脉血管阻力及血管储备

应用经食管多普勒超声心动图（ＴＥＥ）对３０例冠状动脉造影患者测量注射潘生丁前后左前降支平均舒张期血流率（Ｖｃｏｒ）、冠脉血管阻力（Ｒｃｏｒ）和冠脉血管储备（ＣＶＲ）。静息状态正常组与狭窄各组平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、Ｖｃｏｒ和Ｒｃｏｒ无显著差异。注射潘生丁后狭窄各组较对照组的Ｒｃｏｒ显著增加、Ｖｃｏｒ和ＣＶＲ显著降低而ＭＡＰ基本不变；ＰＤＳ＜７５％与≥７５％组的注药后Ｒｃｏｒ和ＣＶＲ无显著差异，血管狭窄积分（ＡＳＩ）＜１．５ｃｍ与≥１．５ｃｍ组两指标差异显著。注药后的Ｒｃｏｒ与ＡＳＩ成正相关（ｒ＝０．６３，Ｐ＜０．０１），与ＰＤＳ不相关；ＣＶＲ与ＡＳＩ和ＰＤＳ成较好的负相关（ｒ＝－０．８２，－０．５２）。本研究为冠状动脉病变功能严重度的定量估价提供了参考依据。     

范可尼贫血互补群 Ｄ２ 基因突变与卵巢上皮癌患者行 新辅助化疗疗效及预后的相关性

摘要：目的 分析范可尼贫血互补群 Ｄ２（ｆａｎｃｏｎｉ ａｎｅｍｉａ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｄ２，ＦＡＮＣＤ２）突变与卵巢上皮癌（ｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌ ｏｖａｒ ｉａｎ ｃａｎｃｅｒ，ＥＯＣ）患者行新辅助化疗（ｎｅｏａｄｊｕｖａｎｔ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ，ＮＡＣＴ）后的疗效及预后的相关性。方法 选取２０１７ 年４ 月至 ２０１９ 年 ４ 月兵器工业五二一医院收治的 １８４ 例 ＥＯＣ 患者为研究对象，取穿刺活检组织并提取 ＤＮＡ，采用实时荧光定量 ＰＣＲ 检测患者 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因的突变情况，分析 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因突变与 ＥＯＣ 患者临床病理参数的相关性；进一步分析 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变 与 ＮＡＣＴ 治疗４ 周后的疗效及预后的关系。结果 实时荧光定量 ＰＣＲ 结果表明，ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因突变率为４２．３９％。ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突 变型与野生型 ＥＯＣ 患者的肿瘤病灶直径、ＥＣＯＧ 评分、分化程度和病理分型比较的差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ 值分别为 ０．０２４， ０．０３７，＜０．００１，０．００２）。ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变型 ＥＯＣ 患者的疾病控制率（ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｒａｔｅ，ＤＣＲ）显著低于 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 野生型 ＥＯＣ 患者 （６６．６７％ ｖｓ ８３．９６％，χ２ ＝ ７．５０６，Ｐ＝ ０．００６）。１８４ 例 ＥＯＣ 患者的总体生存率为 ６５．２２％，ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变型 ＥＯＣ 患者的 ２ 年生存 率显著低于 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 野生型（３２．０７％ ｖｓ ４２．３１％，ｌｏｇ ｒａｎｋ χ２ ＝ ４．１５２，Ｐ＝ ０．０４２）。Ｃｏｘ 风险比例模型多因素显示，分化程度和病 理分型是 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变的独立影响因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）。运用 Ｋａｐｌａｎ Ｍｅｉｅｒ 法对患者进行单因素生存分析发现，肿瘤大小（Ｐ ＝ ０．０３１）、肿瘤病理分型（Ｐ＜０．００１）、分化程度（Ｐ＜０．００１）、突变型 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 的表达（Ｐ＝ ０．０４２）与患者的总生存期密切相关。Ｃｏｘ 风险比例模型多因素分析显示，肿瘤病理分型、分化程度和 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变是 ＥＯＣ 患者预后的独立影响因素（Ｐ 值分别为０．０１４， ０．０３５，０．０３６）。结论 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因突变与 ＥＯＣ 患者 ＮＡＣＴ 疗效相关，肿瘤病理分型、分化程度、ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变是 ＥＯＣ 患者预 后的独立影响因素。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.