儿童三种全麻方式麻醉苏醒期的比较

目的比较七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉三种麻醉方式用于儿童全麻时的苏醒特征。方法将拟在全麻下手术的2～8岁ASAI级住院患儿60例,随机分为S组、SR组和PR组。S组患儿采用七氟烷吸入诱导及维持麻醉;SR组采用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼静脉诱导,术中七氟烷、瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉;PR组使用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼诱导及维持麻醉。三组患儿诱导成功后均给予肌松剂完成气管插管。评价三组患儿的拔除气管插管的时间、唤名睁眼时间及意识恢复时间的差异。并比较三组患儿的血流动力学特征及苏醒期的不良反应。结果 S组、SR组和PR组患儿的拔管时间、唤名睁眼时间和意识恢复时间上三组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。在苏醒及拔管过程中,S组发生心动过速12例（60%）、高血压1例（5%）;SR组发生心动过速2例（10%）,心动过缓2例（10%）、低血压6例（30%）;PR组发生心动过速2例（10%）,心动过缓4例（20%）、低血压9例（45%）。S组、SR组和PR组分别有16例（80%）、8例（40%）和6例（30%）出现苏醒期躁动,组间有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,用于小儿全麻均安全、有效,苏醒迅速。与七氟烷吸入麻醉相比,七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,血流动力学更加平稳,苏醒期躁动发生率较低。适用于儿童全麻。     

两种全麻方式用于小儿先天性唇腭裂修复术的比较

目的比较七氟烷吸入麻醉和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉在小儿先天性唇腭裂修复术对术中维持、术后恢复情况的影响。方法 40例6个月～6岁择期行唇腭裂修复术患儿随机分为两组（n=20）：七氟烷吸入麻醉组（S组）和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（P-R组）。观察并比较两组患儿诱导前（T0）、插管时（T1）、手术即刻（T2）、手术15min（T3）、手术30min（T4）及清醒拔管（T5）时血流动力学变化;记录自主呼吸恢复时间、清醒及拔管时间,并观察术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）、苏醒期躁动（EA）、呼吸抑制及嗜睡等不良反应。结果两组患儿术中血流动力学稳定,均无严重不良反应发生。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉均适用于小儿先天性唇腭裂修复术。     

七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼在老年胆囊腹腔镜切除术中的应用

目的评价七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中麻醉效果。方法选择美国麻醉医师学会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,择期行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的老年患者60例,随机分为七氟烷＋瑞芬太尼（SR组,n=30）和异氟烷＋瑞芬太尼（1R组,n=30）组。麻醉诱导用药及方法相同,均于插管后即刻用微量泵连续恒速泵入瑞芬太尼[0.15μg/（kg.min）],同时吸入七氟烷或异氟烷。术中记录二组基础值（T0）、气腹后10min（T1）、结束人工气腹前（T2）、拔管后即刻（T3）、10min（T4）的SBp、DBp、HR。记录苏醒时间及拔管时间,并进行拔管后苏醒质量评分（OAAS）。结果二组术中各时点收缩压、舒张压,心率组间比较差异无统计学意义,但就手术维持过程而言,收缩压的波动SR组小于IR。七氟烷组苏醒时间、拔管时间显著短于异氟烷组,组间比较P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。拔管后患者苏醒质量评分逐渐增加,而拔管后即刻、10min组间比较P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼可以为老年胆囊腹腔镜切除提供满意的麻醉效果,麻醉可控性佳,可明缩短苏醒时间和拔管时间,苏醒质量恢复更好。     

两种全麻方式用于小儿腭裂整复术的比较

目的比较七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉两种麻醉方式用于小儿腭裂整复术对术中麻醉维持、苏醒及术中、术后并发症的影响。方法 60例2~6岁拟行腭裂整复术患儿随机分为两组（n=30）：异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（P-R组）和七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉组（S-R组）,分别以异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉或七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉。观察并比较两组患儿诱导前（T1）、插管时（T2）、手术即刻（T3）、手术15min（T4）、手术30min（T5）及清醒拔管（T6）血流动力学变化;记录手术时间、清醒及拔管时间,并观察术后呕吐、呛咳及躁动等不良反应。结果术中S-R组患儿血流动力学相对平稳,P-R组患儿血流动力学变化较大,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;S-R组停药后患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间和清醒时间均较P-R组时间缩短,但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后躁动S-R组12例（40%）P-R组3例（10%）,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉能安全、有效地用于小儿腭裂整复术,和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉比较,血流动力学更平稳,但是术后躁动发生比例更高。     

两种全麻方式用于小儿扁桃体和增殖体切除术的比较

目的比较七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉两种麻醉方式用于小儿扁桃体和增殖体切除术对术中维持、术后恢复情况的影响。方法40例2～6岁择期行扁桃体和增殖体切除术患儿随机分为两组（n=20）：异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（P-R组）和七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉组（S-R组）,分别以异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉或七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉。观察并比较两组患儿诱导前（T1）、插管时（T2）、手术即刻（T3）、手术15min（T4）、手术30min（T5）及清醒拔管（T6）血流动力学变化;记录手术时间、清醒及拔管时间,并观察术后呕吐、呛咳及躁动等不良反应。结果两组患儿术中血流动力学稳定。两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉均适用于小儿扁桃体和增殖体切除术。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟烷全麻维持效果的比较

目的观察比较瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟烷两种麻醉维持方式在全身麻醉手术中的应用效果。方法择期全麻手术患者40例,随机分成瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉组（P组）和瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷麻醉组（S组）。P组术中以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg/（kg.min）与丙泊酚4～6mg/（kg.h）微量泵持续静脉输注维持麻醉,S组术中则以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg/（kg.min）微量泵持续静脉输注和2%～4%七氟烷持续吸入维持麻醉,术中通过麻醉意识深度指数CSI（cerebral state index）监测调控维持麻醉深度在45±5。记录入室稳定15min时（T0）、麻醉诱导时（T1）、气管插管后（T2）、切皮时（T3）、手术进行30min时（T4）、手术刺激最强时（T5）、拔管（T6）和出手术室时（T7）的HR、SBP、DBP和SpO2,停止麻醉至拔管的时间、拔管时的清醒程度和术后并发症情况。结果两组间HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2比较,差异无统计学意义,手术时间和术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义,拔管时间及拔管时清醒程度两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟烷两种麻醉方式用于全麻手术维持,麻醉效果满意,血流动力学稳定,苏醒快速,尤以瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷麻醉方式更佳,术后并发症发生率低,具有可控性强、安全有效的特点。     

瑞芬太尼联合七氟烷对小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动的效果

目的：探讨瑞芬太尼联合七氟烷复合麻醉方法对小儿全麻苏醒期躁动的效果。方法：择期行扁桃体切除术患儿60例,年龄4~7岁,ASAⅠ级,按病例资料中麻醉方法分为瑞芬太尼组和对照组,观察组给予瑞芬太尼泵注和吸入七氟烷复合麻醉;对照组给予吸入七氟烷全凭麻醉;记录两组手术时间、麻醉苏醒时间、躁动评分。结果：瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷组在患儿躁动评分比例、躁动例数及躁动时间大于15 min患儿例数明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组手术时间和麻醉苏醒时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：瑞芬太尼复合七氟烷麻醉方法可以明显减少全麻苏醒期躁动,效果优于全凭七氟烷吸入。     

七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼或芬太尼用于小儿腭裂手术的比较

目的比较七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼和七氟烷复合芬太尼用于小儿腭裂手术的维持,苏醒特征。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行单纯腭裂手术患儿40例,年龄2—12岁,随机分为芬太尼组（F组）和瑞芬太尼组（R组）,每组20例,两组麻醉诱导,气管插管后接麻醉机行机械控制通气,维持七氟烷Fet浓度（2．4±0．2）％（1L／min）,R组采用0．1～0．2μg／（kg·min）瑞芬太尼静脉泵注维持麻醉,F组采用1～2μg／kg芬太尼间断推注维持麻醉。分别记录诱导前基础值,插管后,手术开始后5、15、30min的MAP,HR以及自主呼吸恢复时间,拔管时间,睁眼时间,需使用纳络酮和躁动的例数。结果两组患儿术中心率均较基础值增快（P〈0．05）,F组明显快于R组（P〈0．05）;两组患儿术中MAP均有降低,R组明显低于F组（P〈0．05）。两组患儿在自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、睁眼时间、需使用纳络酮和躁动的例数差异无统计学意义。结论七氟烷复合术中早期使用芬太尼和七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼在腭裂手术都是安全,有效的。与七氟烷复合术中早期使用芬太尼相比,七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼能提供更良好的血流动力学,在该类手术使用是更好的选择。     

三种全麻方式用于儿童耳鼻喉科手术的比较

目的 比较七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉三种麻醉方式用于儿童腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术的诱导、维持和苏醒特征.方法 拟行腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术的ASA Ⅰ级住院患儿60例,随机分为S组、SR组和PR组.S组患儿采用七氟烷吸入诱导及维持麻醉;SR组采用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼静脉诱导,术中七氟烷、瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉;PR组使用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼诱导及维持麻醉.三组患儿诱导成功后,均给予肌松剂完成气管插管.评价三组患儿的诱导时间、气管插管时间、拔除气管插管的时间、唤名睁眼时间及意识恢复时间的差异,并比较三组患儿的血流动力学特征及诱导和苏醒期的不良反应.结果 S组、SR组和PR组患儿的诱导时间分别为(90±16)s、(46±22)s和(51±14)s,P＜0.01.在气管插管时间、拔管时间、唤名睁眼时间和意识恢复时间上三组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).在诱导及插管过程中,S组发生心动过速12例(60%)、高血压1例(5%);SR组和PR组共发生心动过速2例(5%,明显低于S组(P＜0.01),心动过缓4例(10%)、低血压9例(22.5%).三组患儿术中心率均较基础值增快(P＜0.01),以S组最为显著.S组、SR组和PR组分别有16例(80%)、10例(50%)和6例(30%)出现苏醒期躁动,组间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 七氟烷吸入麻醉、七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,用于儿童腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术均安全、有效,诱导和苏醒迅速.与七氟烷吸入麻醉相比,七氟烷瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉和异丙酚瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉,术中血流动力学更加平稳,苏醒期躁动发生率较低,更适用于儿童腺样体和(或)扁桃体切除术.     

观察瑞芬太尼和七氟烷停药方式对拔管时的影响

目的：观察拔管期瑞芬太尼和七氟烷停药方式对血流动力学和苏醒的影响。方法：40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术患者,随机分为瑞芬太尼组（R组）与七氟烷组（S组）,每组20例。麻醉诱导用咪唑安定0.08～0.1mg/kg、芬太尼0.02mg/kg、丙泊酚1.5～2.5mg/kg、司可林0.8～1.0mg/kg行气管插管,接麻醉机控制呼吸,麻醉维持采用持续吸入七氟醚（1.5%～2.5%）复合静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.05～0.2μg/（kg.分）,术中根据情况调整两药剂量并间断静脉注射维库溴胺0.05mg/kg（术毕前40分钟不再追加）。观察记录麻醉前、拔管前1分钟、拔管即刻、拔管后1,3,5分钟的SBP,DBP及HR。观察记录两组苏醒指标时间以及拔管时躁动。结果：两组病人术前一般情况、血压及心率差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。R组拔管后心血管反应稳定,S组血压、心率在拔管前1分钟、拔管即刻及拔管后1分钟均较手术前和R组升高（P〈0.05）。结论：术毕停瑞芬太尼能减轻七氟烷痛敏反应,镇痛效果优,能明显减轻血液动力学波动,躁动发生率低,达到拔除气管导管舒适的目的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.