雌激素替代治疗对绝经后冠心病妇女血脂和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 :观察雌激素替代治疗对绝经后冠心病 （CHD）妇女血脂谱和胰岛素抵抗的改善作用。方法 :对确诊为CHD的绝经后妇女 ,口服尼尔雌醇 2 m g/2周 ,治疗 6个月。分别于治疗前后测定血糖、胰岛素 （INS）、性激素结合球蛋白 （SHBG）、促卵泡素 （FSH）、黄体生成素 （L H）、雌二醇 （E2 ）、总胆固醇 （T- CH）、甘油三酯 （TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （HDL- C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （L DL- C）等 ,并计算胰岛素敏感指数 （SI）。结果 :雌激素替代后 ,CHD患者的 FSH,L H,T- CH,TG,L DL- C,INS明显下降 ;而 E2 ,SHBG,HDL- C,SI明显升高。结论 :雌激素替代治疗能改善 CHD患者血脂谱紊乱和胰岛素抵抗     

氟伐他汀对高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨氟伐他汀对高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法测定47例高胆固醇血症患者调脂治疗（氟伐他汀20mg／d，治疗8周）前后的血脂，血管内皮细胞（VEC）计数，血浆内皮素（ET-1），一氧化氮（NO），血糖（GLU），血胰岛素（INS）。结果高胆固醇血症患者经氟伐他汀治疗后血NO较治疗前显著上升（P〈0．01）。VEC计数、ET-1水平、血INS水平较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．01），胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）明显升高（P〈0．05）。血脂水平治疗后较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论氟伐他汀在降低胆固醇的同时，可改善血管内皮功能及胰岛素抵抗。     

2型糖尿病患者的脂代谢紊乱及其与冠心病的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患脂代谢紊乱与并发冠心病（CHD）的关系。方法：56例2型糖尿病（DM）患（其中32例并发冠心病），测定其血脂、载脂蛋白浓度及血糖、胰岛素水平，与30例例健康人比较。结果：与对照组比较，2型DM并发CHD患高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）水平降低（P＜0．005），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL－C）及载脂蛋白B（ApoB)水平升高（P＜0．05）。单纯2型DM组仅有HDL－C水平的降低（P＜0．005）及LDL－C水平的升高（P＜0．05），无ApoB的变化，单纯DM及DM＋CHD组血糖及胰岛素水平无显差别，但均较对照组升高非常显（P＜0．005）；DM＋CHD组的ApoB水平较单纯DM组的显升高（P＜0．05）。结论：本组结果提示HDL－C水平的降低，LDL－C及ApoB水平的升高是2型DM并发冠心病的重要危险因素。     

血清真胰岛素、胰岛素原与冠心病关系初探

目的：探讨冠心病（CHD）患者血清真胰岛素（TI）,胰岛素原（PI）水平,并分析这二者与其他CHD危险因子的关系。方法：对30例确诊CHD患者和30例正常人采用高度特异性的ELISA法分别检测空腹血清TI,PI和以RIA法检测空腹血清免疫活性胰岛素（IRI）水平,同时检测这二组对象的空腹和餐后2小时血糖,血脂以及血压水平,结果：CHD组IRI,TI,PI水平均高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）则低于对照组（P＜0．05）,CHD组中TI,PI与年龄,BMI,血糖和血脂均有独立的相关关系,结论：CHD患者有高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗状态,TI,PI分别与血糖,血脂等CHD危险因子呈群聚关系。     

40岁以上中老年人糖耐量异常者血清脂质及载脂蛋白含量分析

为了探讨糖尿病脂蛋白异常血症的发生机理，研究了53例糖耐量异常者（糖耐量异常组）和27例糖耐量正常者（对照组）的血脂和血浆载脂蛋白水平，以及进行了葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验。结果发现，糖耐量异常组空腹及口服葡萄糖后60min血糖和血浆胰岛素水平与对照组无显著差异（P＞0．05），而口服葡萄糖后120min血糖（P＜0．05）、血浆胰岛素水平（P＜0．01）和口服葡萄糖后180min血糖（P＜0．01）、血浆胰岛素水平（P＜0．05）均比对照组显著升高。糖耐量异常组血浆甘油三酯和总胆固醇显著升高（P＜0．01和P＜0．05），同时伴有一定程度的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低，以及载脂蛋白CⅡ、CⅢ及E显著增高（P＜0．01、P＜0．001和P＜0．005），这些血脂改变与糖尿病脂蛋白异常血症类似。此结果表明，胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症在糖尿病脂蛋白异常血症的发生中起着重要的作用。同时也提示对一些空腹血糖正常，糖耐量异常，但还没有临床诊断为糖尿病患者，应进行常规血脂检查，筛选出脂蛋白异常者，并采取相应的措施予以纠正。     

胰岛素抵抗与高血压病关系流行病学研究

目的：探讨胰岛素抵抗与高血压病的相互关系。方法：采取整群随机抽样的方法抽取调查样本，选择徐州市大屯社区110位中年居民为调查对象，运用病例对照研究，测得血糖、胰岛素（INS）等浓度．求得胰岛素敏感指标（ISI）．并作统计学处理。结果：（1）高血压组（29例）中的空腹、负荷INS，高血压合并冠心病组（10例）中的空腹、负荷血糖，空腹、负荷INS明显高于对照组（71例），而空腹、负荷ISI低于对照组（P〈0．05）；（2）ISI与体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、血糖、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白B呈负相关（r=-0．603～-0．190，P〈0．05）；空腹、负荷ISI与高密度脂蛋呈正相关（r=0．391．0．193，P〈0．05）。结论：胰岛素抵抗是高血压病的重要危险因素。     

葛根素对冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗及内皮纤溶功能的影响

将72例冠心病（CHD）患者随机分为常规组（33例）和葛根素组（39例），均于治疗前及治疗结束时检测其血糖，胰岛素，纤溶指标，计算胰2岛素敏感性指数（ISI），并行静脉闭塞试验（VOT）；同时选择30例健康人作为对照组。结果显示：（1）与对照组比较，CHD患者的血浆胰岛素（FINS）浓度增高（P＜0．05），ISI降低（P＜0．05），VOT前及VOT时内皮细胞型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA)活性降低（P＜0．01），纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1（PAI－1）活性增高（P＜0．01）。FINS，ISI与纤溶指标存在高度线性相关意义。（2）葛根素组治疗后FINS，PAI－1下降（P＜0．01），ISI，VOT前及VOT时t-PA增高（P＜0．05，＜0．01），与常规组治疗后比较均具有显著性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。认为葛根素能改善CHD患者的胰岛素抵抗（IR）及与其密切相关的内皮纤溶功能。     

老年高血压病患者血胰岛素水平与糖、脂代谢异常的关系

目的：探讨老年高血压患高胰岛素症与血糖、血清脂质水平的关系。方法：对86例老年高血压病患（观察组）及50例老年对照组,进行了血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL－C）、载脂蛋白AI（Apo AI)、载脂蛋白B（Apo B)、脂蛋白（a)[Lp(a)]、空腹血糖(FPG）及胰岛素（INS）的测定。结果：观察组血清TG、LDL－C、Lp(a)、INS,FBG含量明显高于对照组;观察组血清HDL－C、Apo AI水平和胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）明显低于对照组。结论：老年高血压病患胰岛素,血脂和血糖代谢异常的共存是该病发生、发展的危险因素,也是心、脑血管疾病的危险因素,故在降压治疗的同时,应考虑纠正其胰岛素,糖及脂代谢的异常。     

降脂治疗对老年原发性高血压患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的：探讨老年原发性高血压伴高胆固醇血症者行降脂治疗对其胰岛素抵抗（IR）的影响。方法：73例老年原发性高血压伴高胆固醇血症者随机分为治疗组（37例）及对照组（36例）,在行低脂饮食及抗高血压治疗同时观察治疗组用辛伐他丁（5～10mg/d）前及4个月后的血脂、高腹血糖、胰岛素和肝、肾功能的变化。结果：治疗组降脂治疗后血胆固醇下降12．7％,甘油三酯下降9．5％,低密度脂蛋大醇下降11．9％,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇上升了9．0％,胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）显著提高（P＜0．05）;而对照组血脂水平虽有下降,但无显著性意义,ISI亦无明显变化。结论：老年原发性高血压伴高胆固醇血症者用辛伐他丁治疗不仅可降脂,同时可显著改善基胰岛素抵抗。     

小剂量辛伐他汀对老年高脂血症疗效和脂质过氧化的影响

为研究小剂量辛伐他汀对血脂和脂质过氧化的影响，对62例老年高脂血症患者采用辛伐他汀治疗12周后，测定其血清脂质、载脂蛋白、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和硝酸盐的含量。结果发现，血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．001），甘油三酯水平在治疗后4和8周末显著降低（P＜0．05）；丙二醛水平较用药前明显降低（P＜0．001），超氧化物歧化酶活性明显升高（P＜0．001）。而硝酸盐在治疗前后无明显变化。辛伐他汀治疗前超氧化物岐化酶活性与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯及总胆固醇水平呈显著负相关，治疗12周末丙二醛水平降低与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平呈显著正相关。由此提示，辛伐他汀可改善体内脂质代谢异常，减轻脂质过氧化状态，有利于冠心病的一致和二级预防。     

血脂康对冠心病纤维蛋白原、血粘度和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的;观察国产血脂康在调脂治疗的同时对冠心病患者纤维蛋白原、血粘度和胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:54例冠心病伴血清总胆固醇(TC)>5.2mmol/L或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)>3.12mmol/L患者口服血脂康(0,6,2次/d),治疗8周,观察治疗前、后TC、LDL\IC、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)及纤维蛋白原、血粘度和胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)变化,另选择20例正常健康者作为对照组。结果:血脂康治疗8周后,TC、LDL-C和TG水平分别下降24.6％、34.1％和17.5％,HDL-C水平升高13.4％(P均<0.05或<0.01);纤维蛋白原和不同切变率的血粘度均显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。血脂康治疗前胰岛素敏感指数显著低于正常对照组,而治疗后则明显升高(P<0.05)。结论;血脂康对于冠心病患者不仅能够有效调整血脂,而且还具有降低纤维蛋白原和血粘度及改善胰岛素抵抗的有益作用。     

不同冠状动脉病变程度冠心病患者血浆脂联素水平及其相关性研究

目的:了解不同冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的冠心病(CHD)患者血浆脂联素(APN)水平及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)、血糖(FPG)、血脂、血压、肥胖、冠脉病变程度的关系.方法:选取冠脉造影检查者共128例作为研究对象,根据冠脉病变支数,分为单支病变组32例、双支病变组30例、多支病变组32例和冠脉造影正常的对照组34例.测量血压、身高、体重、腰围(WC)和臀围.采空腹静脉血,测定血浆APN、胰岛素(FINS)、FPG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、载脂蛋白A1(apo-A1)和载脂蛋白B(apo-B).计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和Gensini积分.结果:CHD各组血浆APN水平低于对照组(P＜0.01).血浆APN水平与收缩压、舒张压、WC、BMI、WHR、TC、LDL-C、FINS、Gensini积分均呈负相关(P＜0.05或0.01),与ISI呈正相关(P＜0.01).均衡年龄、血压、FPG、血脂、肥胖等影响后,APN仍与Gensini积分、FINS、ISI存在相关性(P＜0.01).回归分析显示,ISI、WC和Gensini积分是影响血浆APN水平的独立因素.结论:CHD患者血浆APN水平降低并与冠脉病变程度密切相关,与IR、血脂、血压和肥胖存在一定的相关性.     

腔隙性脑梗塞与胰岛素抵抗关系的探讨

目的：探讨腔隙性脑梗塞（CEI）患者是否存在胰岛素抵抗的问题。方法：测定35例CLI患者与35例健康对照者的血清空腹葡萄糖，空腹胰岛素，血脂（甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇），并计算胰岛素敏感性指数。结果：CLI组胰岛素敏感性指数低于正常对照组（P〈0．01），而空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂浓度高于对照组（P〈0．01～0．05）。结论：腔隙性脑梗塞患者存在胰岛素抵抗，胰岛素抵抗可能是腔隙性脑梗塞的危险因素之一。     

Hyperinsulinaemia and decreased plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in premenopausal women with coronary heart disease

Abstract. Objectives. The purpose of the study was to establish plasma levels of insulin, ovarian sex hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and to evaluate their correlations with lipids in premenopausal women with angiographically demonstrated coronary stenosis. Design. Differences in plasma levels of insulin, ovarian sex hormones, DHEA-S and lipids between groups were compared by analysis of variance. Setting. From January 1993 until December 1993 patients were diagnosed in the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Endocrinology Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw. Subjects. Premenopausal women with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, with and without coronary stenosis were studied: 21 women after acute myocardial infarction with angiographically demonstrated coronary stenosis (women with CHD), and 14 women with chest pain, a positive exercise test without significant changes of coronary arteries on coronarography (women with normal coronarography, NC). The control group consisted of nine, healthy women with no risk factors for CHD. Main outcome measures. In premenopausal women with CHD, the decreased plasma level of DHEA-S and hyperinsulinaemia were anticipated. Results. In women with CHD, the plasma levels of DHEA-S (926.5 ± 83 ng mL^?1) were significantly lower than those in women with NC (1375.7 ± 181 ng mL^?1) and in healthy controls (1984 ± 127 ng mL^?1), P < 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively. The fasting insulin and insulin response to an OGTT in women with CHD and with NC was higher than in healthy subjects. A significant decrease of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL-2 cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I, and an increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol C and apolipoprotein B levels in women with CHD compared to healthy controls were observed. A negative correlation between fasting insulin and the plasma levels of DHEA-S was established. Conclusion. In premenopausal women, hyperinsulinaemia and decreased DHEA-S levels may contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis.     

尼尔雌醇对绝经后2型糖尿病患者糖和脂代谢的影响

目的 观察应用尼尔雌醇雌激素替代治疗(ERT)对绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖及血脂代谢的影响。方法 选取绝经后T2DM患者18例，给予尼尔雌醇作ERT(2mg／2w)6个月，分别于治疗前后测定空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(Fins)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、血脂及性激素等指标。结果 ERT后FBO、Fins、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、促卵泡素、黄体生成素明显下降；而ISI、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、性激素结合球蛋白、雌二醇明显升高。结论 ERT治疗能明显改善绝经后T2DM患者血脂紊乱和胰岛素抵抗。     

Effects of tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of tamoxifen on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in disease-free postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized 2-year clinical trial. SETTING: University health sciences center. PATIENTS: Clinically postmenopausal women (140) with a diagnosis of axillary node-negative breast cancer, who were disease-free by laboratory and clinical evaluations. MEASUREMENTS: Levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, glucose, weight, blood pressure, and reported exercise and work activity were measured. MAIN RESULTS: Postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen were evaluated at 3- or 6-month intervals during a 2-year assessment period and showed a mean decrease of 12% in total cholesterol levels (at 24 months -0.672 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.839 to -0.505 mmol/L) and a mean decrease of 20% in calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (at 24 months, -0.725 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.868 to -0.583 mmol/L) (P less than 0.001). Women with greater baseline cholesterol levels had greater decreases with tamoxifen treatment. Levels of HDL cholesterol decreased in patients treated with tamoxifen, but this decrease was only statistically significant at one of five measurement times. Apolipoprotein A-I levels increased significantly at the two time points at which it was measured (P = 0.02), and apolipoprotein B levels decreased significantly at these times (P less than 0.01) in patients treated with tamoxifen. Plasma glucose levels, reported exercise and work activity, reported smoking, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change with treatment. CONCLUSION: During 2 years of treatment, tamoxifen showed generally favorable effects on the lipid and lipoprotein profile of treated postmenopausal women. These effects may partially explain the decrease in adverse events and in mortality related to coronary heart disease seen in patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen treatment.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者血糖血脂的表达特征

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者血糖、血脂的表达特征及其与病情的相关性。方法检测66例AECOPD患者,(其中34例为轻中度,32例为重度、极重度),及同期住院32例非COPD患者的空腹血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CH)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(APoA1)、载脂蛋白B(APoB)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(P2hBG)、空腹及餐后2h胰岛素(IRI)的水平。结果 COPD组中的HbAlc、FBG、P2hBG、空腹IRI、餐后2hIRI水平均较非COPD组明显升高(P<0.01),其中COPD患者中重度、极重度组餐后2hIRI水平又高于轻中度组(P<0.05);COPD患者的TG、ApoB水平均比非COPD组降低(P<0.05),COPD重度、极重度组LDL-C水平比非COPD组及轻中度组升高(P<0.05)。结论 AECOPD患者尤其是重度、极重度阶段存在血糖、血脂紊乱,主要表现为高血糖、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常。COPD组中LDL-C升高,提示COPD与冠心病(CHD)可能存在一定的相关性。     

Lifestyle intervention of hypocaloric dieting and walking reduces abdominal obesity and improves coronary heart disease risk factors in obese,postmenopausal, African-American and Caucasian women

BACKGROUND: There are few empirical data to support the claim that weight loss improves coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in postmenopausal women; nor is it known if there are racial differences in changes of body fat distribution, lipids, glucose tolerance, and blood pressure with weight loss. This study determined the efficacy of a lifestyle weight loss intervention in reducing total and abdominal obesity and improving CHD risk factors in obese Caucasian and African-American postmenopausal women. METHODS: Body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), abdominal fat areas (computed tomography scan), lipoprotein lipids, insulin, glucose tolerance, and blood pressure were measured before and after 6 months of hypocaloric diet and low-intensity walking in 76 overweight or obese (body mass index > 25 kg/m(2)), Caucasian (72%) or African-American (28%), postmenopausal (age = 60 +/- 5 years) women who completed the study. RESULTS: Absolute amount of body weight lost was similar in Caucasians (-5.4 +/- 3.6 kg) and African Americans (-3.9 +/- 3.6 kg), but Caucasian women lost relatively more fat mass (p <.05). Both groups decreased their subcutaneous abdominal fat, and Caucasian women decreased their visceral fat area, but there were no racial differences in the magnitude of abdominal fat lost. The intervention decreased triglyceride and increased high-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol in both races, and it decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Caucasian women (p <.05-.0001). Fasting glucose and glucose area during the oral glucose tolerance test decreased (p <.0001) in Caucasian women, whereas insulin area decreased in both Caucasian (p <.01) and African-American (p <.05) women. Blood pressure decreased the most in women with higher blood pressures at baseline. Changes in lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, their responses during the oral glucose tolerance test, and blood pressure were not different between racial groups. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss achieved through a lifestyle intervention of energy restriction and increased physical activity is an equally effective therapy in African-American and Caucasian obese, postmenopausal women for improving glucose and lipid CHD risk factors.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压对脂代谢及胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的：观察Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压对脂代谢及胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法：对20例Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压患者和20例Ⅱ型糖尿病无高血压患者的空腹血糖（FBG）,血脂,胰岛素（FINS）,C肽（FCP）,胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）进行对照,结果：Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压组与无高血压组比较,甘油三酯（TG）,FINS,FCP水平显著升高（P＜0．05）,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）,ISI水平显著降低（P＜0．05）,结论：Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压时脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗更加明显。