秦艽药材及其提取物中总裂环环烯醚萜苷的含量测定

目的测定秦艽药材及其提取物中总裂环环稀醚萜苷的含量。方法以龙胆苦苷为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法进行光谱扫描确定最大吸收波长为272 nm,在此波长进行测定。结果龙胆苦苷在0.0072～0.0288 mg/mL线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9995;平均回收率为97.79%,RSD为0.89%。秦艽药材中总裂环环烯醚萜苷平均含量为6.42%,秦艽提取物中总裂环环烯醚萜苷的平均含量为72.01%。结论该方法操作简便快速,数据准确可靠,可用于秦艽提取物及药材中总裂环环烯醚萜苷测定,为秦艽提取物的下一步开发应用提供相关实验依据。     

秦艽中裂环环烯醚萜苷类成分的纯化工艺研究

目的:研究秦艽提取物中裂环环烯醚萜苷类成分的富集纯化工艺。方法:以秦艽中的主要成分龙胆苦苷为跟踪指标,比较不同厂家、不同型号的大孔树脂对秦艽提取物中裂环环烯醚萜苷类成分(龙胆苦苷)的吸附与解吸附能力,确定最佳树脂型号;选择最佳的洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积。结果:AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对秦艽提取物中裂环环烯醚萜苷类成分有较好的吸附能力;50%乙醇溶液解吸附能力最强;5个柱体积溶剂可洗脱下90%裂环环烯醚萜苷类成分。结论:初步确定了大孔树脂法分离纯化秦艽提取物中裂环烯醚萜苷类成分的最佳工艺。     

紫外分光光度法测定龙胆软胶囊中总裂环环烯醚萜苷的含量

龙胆软胶囊具有清热燥湿，泻肝胆火的功效；临床上用来治疗急、慢性肝炎等症。本文采用紫外分光光度法测定了该软胶囊中有效部位总裂环环烯醚萜苷的含量。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化栀子中总环烯醚萜苷和栀子苷的研究

目的建立栀子中总环烯醚萜苷测定方法,研究HPD 450大孔吸附树脂纯化栀子总环烯醚萜苷、栀子苷的工艺条件。方法采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定目标成分,考察HPD 450大孔吸附树脂对栀子总环烯醚萜苷、栀子苷的吸附和洗脱条件。结果栀子总环烯醚萜苷最大吸收波长为238 nm,与栀子苷一致,栀子苷在9.36~21.84μg/mL与吸光度呈良好线性关系,平均回收率为98.37%;HPD 450大孔吸附树脂可以将提取物中总环烯醚萜苷由45.45%提高到83.72%,栀子苷由24.46%提高到62.28%。结论HPD 450大孔吸附树脂能有效富集并纯化栀子总环烯醚萜苷、栀子苷;紫外分光光度法测定栀子总环烯醚萜苷具有快速、准确的特点。     

正交试验优选龙胆中总环烯醚萜苷的提取工艺研究

目的优选龙胆中总环烯醚萜苷的提取工艺。方法以总环烯醚萜苷的含量为指标,采用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定。对于冷浸法、超声提取法、回流提取法和索氏提取法提取龙胆中总环烯醚萜苷的工艺进行了比较,并采用L9（34）正交试验设计确定最佳提取工艺。结果回流提取法提取效果最佳,最终优化的提取工艺为：提取溶剂为70%乙醇,提取时间为2.0 h,料液比为1∶15。在此条件下,龙胆总环烯醚萜苷的含量为7.15%。结论该提取工艺具有效率高、时间短、能耗低、环保等优点,可为龙胆总环烯醚萜苷的工业化生产和新药开发提供依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定六叶龙胆不同部位的龙胆苦苷含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法测定六叶龙胆不同部位的龙胆苦苷含量,比较不同部位龙胆苦苷的含量。方法 CAPCELL PAK C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-0.5%乙酸水溶液（25∶75）;检测波长为270 nm;流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为32℃。结果龙胆苦苷在0.5-6.9μg范围内呈线性关系,回归方程为Y=1.2908×106X＋4.8047×104,相关系数（r）=0.9999,测定方法的平均回收率为98.56%,RSD=1.01%（n=6）。龙胆苦苷含量测量结果为：花〉根〉茎〉叶〉枯龙胆。结论本研究所采用的高效液相色谱法快速简便,准确,精密度好;六叶龙胆不同部位中龙胆苦苷含量有较大差异。     

基于HPLC法测定秦艽-威灵仙药对水煎液的环烯醚萜苷类成分

目的:借助高效液相色谱法验证通过网络药理学预测的秦艽-威灵仙药对水煎液中环烯醚萜苷类成分的结果,并检测药对水煎液中獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷的含量。方法:通过中药系统药理学分析平台查询秦艽-威灵仙药对活性成分并从中筛选环烯醚萜苷类成分。采用安捷伦883975-902 ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相A为0.04%磷酸水溶液(0～28 min,85%A→77%A;28～35 min,77%A→65%A);流动相B为甲醇,色谱柱采用梯度洗脱(0～28 min,15%B→23%B;28～35 min,23%B→35%B);流速设置为0.8 mL/min,柱温设置为30℃,检测波长设置为245 nm,进样量设置为5μL。结果:秦艽-威灵仙药对共检索得到13个活性成分,其中属于环烯醚萜苷类成分3个,分别是:獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷。獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷分别在0.021 0～1.056 0μg、0.036 5～11.720 0μg和0.016 2～1.142 0μg范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为99.64%(RSD=2.33%,n=6)、100.20%(RSD=0.64%,n=6)和101.11%(RSD=3.59%,n=6),在药对水煎液中的含量分别为2.13 mg/g、28.36 mg/g和4.51 mg/g。结论:通过HPLC法验证了网络药理学预测的秦艽-威灵仙药对水煎液中环烯醚萜苷类成分并测定了其含量。     

龙胆的临床研究进展

中药龙胆的主要有效成份是龙胆苦苷等环烯醚萜苷类,国内外学者已从龙胆中分离得到多种裂环烯醚萜苷类成份。其中苷类有龙胆苦苷（gentiopicrin）,当药苷（sweroside）、当药苦苷（swer-tiamarin）;酯苷类有苦龙胆酯苷（amarogentin）,苦当药酯苷（amaroswerin）,三花苷,粗糙苷,苦潘苷;苷元有当药苷元等,为水解处理产物。现代药理学研究证明,龙胆有健胃利胆,护肝,利尿,抗炎,抗病原微生物,升血糖,降压,降血脂,中枢兴奋等作用。     

中药栀子提取物质量标准研究

目的 研究中药栀子提取物的质量控制方法.方法 通过薄层色谱法(TLC),水分、炽灼残渣、重金属、砷盐检查,紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对栀子提取物进行质量控制,并进行指纹图谱主要色谱峰的指认.结果 薄层色谱供试品与对照品在相同的位置上显相同颜色斑点,阴性无干扰.各检查项结果均符合药典要求.栀子提取物中总环烯醚萜苷在5.592～35.712 μg线性良好(r=0.999 9),高、中、低浓度加样回收率分别为98.34%、100.67%、101.07%,RSD分别为2.60%、1.47%、1.20%(n=3);栀子提取物中栀子苷在0.228～1.140 μg线性良好(r= 0.999 9),高、中、低浓度加样回收率分别为104.04%、100.97%、95.94%,RSD分别为0.17%、0.58%、0.84%(n=3).结论 通过TLC和HPLC-MS可定性鉴别栀子提取物中的各主要成分,紫外分光光度法可定量控制总环烯醚萜苷的含量,HPLC可定量控制栀子提取物中栀子苷的含量,准确度高,重现性好,操作便捷.     

RP-HPLC法测定山茱萸环烯醚萜总苷中马钱苷和莫诺苷含量

目的建立反相高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸环烯醚萜总苷中马钱苷和莫诺苷含量的方法,为完善山茱萸环烯醚萜总苷的质量评价提供依据。方法色谱柱:Lichrosphere C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水梯度洗脱(0~12min,乙腈比例由10%增加到55%);流速1.0mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长240nm。结果马钱苷和莫诺苷分别在0.088~0.528μg(r=0.999 8)和0.088~0.352μg(r=0.999 5)之间范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率(n=6)分别为98.7%(RSD=1.3%)、98.6%(RSD=0.8%)。结论所建立的方法简便、准确、分离效果好、重复性好,可以用于控制山茱萸环烯醚萜总苷的质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.