慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR和EML4-ALK突变特点分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)合并非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、棘皮动物微管相关蛋白-间变性淋巴瘤激酶(echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase,EML4-ALK)融合基因突变特点及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 收集作者医院2015-07/2019-07月确诊的NSCLC患者150例,其中COPD合并NSCLC患者75例,单纯NSCLC患者75例.采用下一代基因测序技术,检测EGFR、EML4-ALK基因突变情况,同时采用Logistic回归分析评估COPD对NSCLC患者EGFR、EML4-ALK基因突变的影响.结果 COPD合并NSCLC组EGFR突变患者为12例(16.00％),NSCLC组EGFR突变患者28例(37.33％),COPD合并NSCLC组较NSCLC组EGFR突变率明显降低(P=0.003);COPD合并NSCLC组EML4-ALK基因融合基因患者为3例(4.00％),单纯NSCLC组EML4-ALK基因融合基因为9例(12.00％),COPD合并NSCLC组较单纯NSCLC组EML4-ALK基因融合基因突变率明显降低(P=0.01).COPD 是 NSCLC 患者 EGFR(95％CI:0.064～0.600,P=0.004)及 EML4-ALK融合基因(95％CI:0.354～1.031,P=0.021)低表达率的独立危险因素.结论 COPD合并NSCLC患者EGFR及EML4-ALK融合基因突变率更低,导致该结果的机制有待进一步研究.     

非小细胞肺癌EML4-ALK、EGFR的检测及临床病理特征的相关性研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中抗表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）融合基因和棘皮动物微管查关蛋白样-4与间变性淋巴激酶融合基因（EML4-ALK）基因临床病理特征的相关性.方法 应用即时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测NSCLC中EML4-ALK、EGFR,并对其临床病理特征进行相关性分析.结果 160例NSCLC中60例（37.5％）存在EGFR基因突变,腺癌高于非腺癌;不吸烟患者高于吸烟患者;女性患者高于男性患者;差异均有统计学意义（均P＜ 0.05）.160例NSCLC中有7例EML4-ALK基因表达阳性,阳性表达率为4.4％（7/160）明显小于EGFR突变率,这7例阳性患者均为腺癌,其中6例主要细胞形态为腺泡样结构,5例伴有不同程度的细胞内或细胞外黏液.腺癌阳性率高于非腺癌;非吸烟患者高于吸烟患者;女性患者高于男性患者,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞ 0.05）.结论 NSCLC患者中,EGFR及EML4-ALK阳性患者在临床病理上有一些相同或相似的特征,即女性、非吸烟、腺癌患者中较为多见,但也有一些不同的特征：EML4-ALK阳性患者中,腺癌中多伴有黏液产生的腺泡样结构,不同时合并EGFR突变.     

浙江省非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR基因与EML4-ALK融合基因突变的检测及其临床特征

目的:检测中国人非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因和棘皮动物微管相关蛋白样-4与渐变性淋巴瘤激酶(EML4-ALK)融合基因的突变情况,同时分析这两种基因与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)临床病理特征的关系?方法:采用PCR扩增和基因测序法检测252例NSCLCs EGFR基因外显子19和21的突变情况,real-time PCR法检测EML4-ALK融合基因的突变情况,分析突变与临床特征的关系?结果:252例非小细胞肺癌组织标本EGFR的突变率为38.8%(98例),其中19外显子突变率为15.8%(40例),21外显子突变率为23.0%(58例)?EGFR突变的患者多为女性?无吸烟史和腺癌(P < 0.05),与患者年龄无关(P > 0.05)?252例非小细胞肺癌组织标本中,EML4-ALK融合基因突变率4.7%(12例)?EML4-ALK基因突变患者多为女性和年龄较小者(P < 0.05),与患者吸烟史和病理类型无关(P > 0.05)?没有检测到EGFR和EML4-ALK的突变共存情况?结论:中国人中NSCLCs的EGFR突变率较高,在使用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗前进行EGFR基因突变检测很有必要?EML4-ALK基因突变代表了NSCLC另一种分子亚型,这为临床NSCLC患者的治疗提供了一种新的选择方案?EML4-ALK融合基因突变与EGFR突变共存是罕见的现象?     

EML4-ALK在非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

EML4-ALK是肺癌诱发基因之一,属于融合基因,2007年由日本学者首次报道。在非小细胞肺癌(non-small-celllung carcinoma,NSCLC)患者中EML4-ALK表达阳性率约为3%～8%。EML4-ALK融合基因存在多种不同结构的变异体,其中3种变异体占大多数,其他变异体相对较少。目前尚无标准的、快速简便的检测EML4-ALK的方法,使其临床应用推广受到限制,有待进一步研究。新近的临床研究发现,EML4-ALK阳性率和患者是否吸烟高度相关,也与年龄、腺癌以及表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)和KRAS基因是否突变等因素相关。其中不吸烟或轻度吸烟的NSCLC患者EML4-ALK阳性率高达9.4%,而在吸烟的患者中其阳性率只有2.9%,两者存在显著性差异。EML4-ALK表达阳性与EGFR、KRAS突变呈负相关。在NSCLC患者中EML4-ALK表达和EGFR、KRAS突变很少同时存在。EML4-ALK的抑制剂TAE684和PF02341066等目前已进入Ⅲ期临床试验,前期研究取得了较好的疗效。EML4-ALK现已成为NSCLC治疗的新靶点,EML4-ALK抑制剂为肺癌的个体化治疗提供了新的可选择方案,也可作为不能耐受化疗的患者的治疗药物。     

EML4-ALK融合基因在新疆维吾尔族非小细胞肺癌患者中的表达分析及其对预后的影响

目的:探讨EML4-ALK融合基因在新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者中的表达及其对预后的影响.方法:应用免疫组化法及FISH法检测新疆维吾尔族和汉族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达情况,并分析新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达与临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响.结果:新疆维吾尔族、汉族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达阳性表达率分别为21.00%、9.00%,经统计学检验发现不同民族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率存在统计学差异,新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率明显高于汉族;新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达与年龄、性别、吸烟、临床分期、病理切片类型有关,年龄≤55岁、女性、不吸烟、临床分期高、病理切片类型为腺癌的新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率较高;EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达的新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者中位总生存时间为22个月(95%CI,11个月~26个月),不同EML4-ALK融合基因表达总生存时间没有统计学差异.结论:新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率较高,多见于年龄≤55岁、女性、不吸烟、临床分期高、病理切片类型为腺癌者,但EML4-ALK融合基因还不能作为独立的预后影响因素.     

EML4-ALK融合基因在肺癌转移灶中的表达及临床特点

目的 探讨肺癌患者转移灶中棘皮动物微管相关蛋白样4-间变性淋巴瘤激酶(EML4-ALK)的阳性表达率及其与临床病理特征、血清指标的关系和使用靶向治疗后的效果.方法 使用实时荧光定量PCR法(FQ-PCR)对71例肺癌转移灶中EML4-ALK融合基因进行检测,同时检测患者血清标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌糖原(cA125)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平,分析EML4-ALK融合基因在转移灶中表达情况及与血清标志物水平的相关性.结果 在淋巴结、脑、骨、体表软组织、肝、结肠和胸膜转移组织中检测到EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达的组织有淋巴结、脑、骨和胸膜,总阳性表达率为7.04％.转移灶组织中EML4-ALK融合基因表达阳性率与病理类型、性别、年龄、吸烟状态、分化程度和分期因素无明显相关(P＞0.05),但临床上仍以腺癌、不吸烟者人群较多见.血清CEA、CA125、VEGF水平在EML4-ALK融合基因阳性组和阴性组中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).接受克唑替尼治疗的肺癌患者6个月疾病控制率为66％.结论 使用FQ-PCR技术检测肺癌转移灶中EML4-ALK融合基因是可行的,可以为腺癌、不吸烟这些优势人群提供靶向治疗策略.     

基因变异相关的肺腺癌分子分型及其靶向治疗

肺腺癌常见的基因变异有表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、Kirsten鼠肉瘤病毒基因(K-ras)、原癌基因人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、鼠类肉瘤滤过性毒菌致癌同源体B1(BRAF)基因突变,棘皮动物微管相关类蛋白4(EML4)与间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)融合基因EML4-ALK、驱动蛋白家族5B基因(KIF5B)与酪氨酸激酶受体(RET)融合基因KIF5B-RET,EGFR突变与EML4-ALK融合并存以及活性氧基团基因1(ROS1)的重排,不同的基因变异型患者存在不同的治疗靶点,临床治疗及疗效存在明显的个体差异性。该文从基因变异角度将肺腺癌分为9型(包括8种变异型和全野生型),并对其相关的靶向治疗进行综述。     

肺腺癌新分类与表皮生长因子受体基因突变之间的关系

目的：探讨肺腺癌新分类与表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变之间的关系。方法：共纳入中日友好医院2010年3月至2014年12月经手术肺切除术后且病理证实为浸润性肺腺癌患者94例,对其进行EGFR基因突变检测;入组患者均按照2011 年国际肺癌研究学会（Intemational Association for the Study of Lung Cancer,IASLC)、美国胸科学会（American Thoracic Society,ATS）和欧洲呼吸学会（European Respiratory Society,ERS）分类方法进行肺腺癌亚型分类,分析肺腺癌新分类与EGFR基因突变之间的关系;采用SPSS 20.0统计软件卡方检验分析,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：入组的94例肺腺癌患者,男、女患者均为47例;年龄24～79岁,中位年龄61岁,60岁及以上48例,60岁以下46例;既往或现在吸烟者34例,不吸烟者60例。根据病理分期,Ⅰ期患者34例,Ⅱ期患者17例,Ⅲ期24例,Ⅳ期19例。EGFR基因外显子19突变例数22,外显子20突变例数2,外显子21突变例数26,外显子10和21同时突变例数1,入组患者EGFR基因总突变率为54.3%（51/94）,其中腺泡状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变例数24例,伏壁状为主型肺腺癌14例,乳头状为主型肺腺癌与实体状为主型肺腺癌均为5例,微乳头状为主型肺腺癌3例,黏液腺癌为0;腺泡状为主型肺腺癌较非腺泡状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变率高,但差异无统计学意义(66.7% vs. 46.6%, P=0.057);实体状为主型肺腺癌较非实体状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变率低,差异有统计学意义（26.3% vs. 61.3%, P=0.005）;黏液腺癌较非黏液腺癌EGFR基因突变率低,差异有统计学意义(0 vs. 57.3%, P=0.018)。结论：不同的病理亚型肺腺癌EGFR突变率存在差异,其中腺泡状为主型肺腺癌较非腺泡状为主型肺腺癌的EGFR基因突变发生率高,实性为主型肺腺癌较非实性为主肺腺癌 EGFR突变发生率低,黏液腺癌较非黏液腺癌EGFR基因突变率低。     

表皮生长因子受体基因突变和切除修复交叉互补蛋白1蛋白表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变和切除修复交叉互补蛋白1(ERCC1)蛋白表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法收集2010年3月至2011年6月在南阳市第一人民医院及新乡医学院第一附属医院手术治疗的160例肺腺癌患者的肺腺癌组织标本,应用扩增阻滞突变系统在荧光定量聚合酶链反应仪上检测EGFR基因19及21外显子突变情况,同时采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中ERCC1蛋白表达,分析EGFR基因突变、ERCC1蛋白表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果 EGFR基因突变在女性、无吸烟史、肿瘤直径<5 cm患者中较高(P<0.05),而与肺腺癌患者的年龄、病理分期及淋巴结转移情况无关(P>0.05);ERCC1蛋白表达与病理分期有关(P<0.05),与患者的性别、年龄、是否吸烟、肿瘤直径及淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。EGFR基因发生突变的肺腺癌病理组织中ERCC1蛋白低表达者多,EGFR基因未发生突变的肺腺癌病理组织中ERCC1低表达较少,二者比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.253,P<0.01)。EGFR突变阳性患者的无进展生存期(PFS)长于EGFR突变阴性患者(χ~2=9.567,P<0.01);ERCC1蛋白低表达患者的PFS长于ERCC1蛋白高表达患者(χ~2=10.025,P<0.01)。结论肺腺癌EGFR突变者ERCC1蛋白倾向于低表达,存在EGFR基因突变或者ERCC1蛋白低表达的患者PFS更长。     

Scorpions-ARMS法检测非小细胞肺癌患者外周血EGFR基因突变及其临床预测价值的研究

目的应用蝎形扩增阻滞突变系统（Scorpions—ARMS）检测非小细胞肺癌患者外周血EGFR基因突变及其临床预测价值的研究。方法应用蝎型扩增阻滞突变系统（Scorpions—ARMS）检测非小细胞肺癌外周血中EGFR基因第18、19、20及21外显子突变,统计分析EGFR基因突变的相关因素。结果50例非小细胞肺癌患者中,EGFR基因的突变率为30％（15／50）。结果EGFR基因的突变率47．4％（女性）明显高于19．4％（男性）。非吸烟患者EGFR突变率45．5％高于吸烟患者17．9％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．035）。在非小细胞肺癌患者中,腺癌患者EGFR突变率40．6％明显高于非腺癌患者11．1％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．029）。结论Scorpions—ARMS是检测血清游离DNA中EGFR基因突变的可靠有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.