中国萝芙木碱Verticillatine对麻醉狗和猫心功能与血流动力学的影响

Verticillatine(Vt)0.5～1.0mg/kg iv,能使麻醉狗的血压下降,心率减慢,cl,LVSP LV dp/dt max,LVWI,TPR降低,作用随剂量增加而加强。冠脉阻力稍降低,但心肌氧利用率和氧耗减少。颈内动脉和股动脉血流增加,阻力减少。给麻醉猫iv Vt和六羟季铵1.0 mg/kg后,BP,LVP和LV dp/dt max降低,但LV dp/dt/p和LVEDP无明显变化。说明Vt能降低心脏后负荷,对前负荷无明显影响。     

人参茎叶黄酮对狗心脏血流动力学的影响

人参茎叶黄酮20mg/kg(iv)能明显降低麻醉狗的 LVP、(dp/dt)max、TPVR、BP和耗氧量。对心脏泵功能指标 CI、SI 和心肌收缩性指标 dp/dt/CPIP 无显著影响。对反映心肌收缩敏捷度的 t-(dp/dt)max 明显延长(1～40min)。对 CO、PF 无明显影响。     

生脉注射液对麻醉动物血流动力学及心肌耗氧的影响

本文探讨华西医科大学制药厂研制的生脉注射液对心血管机能的影响。猫十只,麻醉后iv生脉注射液1ml/kg,使CO、SV、CI、LVWI、LVSP、dp/dt max和Vce-cpip显著增加,而tdp/dt max、LVET和LVEDP无明显改变。另五只猫麻醉后iv生脉注射液1ml/kg,颈动脉、股动脉、肠系膜上动脉血流量均有短暂增多。四只犬麻醉后iv生脉注射液1ml/kg,冠状动脉左旋支血流量增加,而心肌耗氧量和动静脉氧差均减少。     

川芎嗪对犬心脏血流动力学的作用

给麻醉犬静脉滴注川芎嗪1、2及4 mg/kg/min,连续10分钟;动物出现心率加快,心肌收缩力加强,血管扩张。这些作用随剂量的增加而加强。滴注1 mg/kg/min时,心率、LVP及dp/dt max增加,2 mg/kg/min时,心率、LVP、dp/dt max及冠脉血流明显增加。剂量增至4 mg/kg/min时,除上述指标明显增加外,还出现LVEDP、CI,心肌氧耗和脑血流增加,冠状动脉和脑血管阻力及总外周阻力降低。给清醒高血压犬滴注川芎嗪4 mg/kg/min及一次静注20'mg/kg也引起心率加速。心得安(ⅳ1～2 mg/kg)能对抗川芎嗪对麻醉和清醒犬的上述作用,而利血平则不能完全对抗川芎嗪的作用。     

辽吉冰凉花总甙对心功能影响的实验研究

辽吉冰凉花总甙(APAW)1.0mg/kg iv,能使麻醉家兔正常心脏的P-dP/dt环体面积(LO),LV-dP/dt_(max),Vpm及LVSP比药前增大,HR减慢。APAW和冰凉花(AAR)及毒毛旋花子甙K(SK)一样,能明显改善衰竭兔心的心功能。静脉恒速输入0.5 mg/ml APAW,25min后,心衰家兔的LVSP,LV—dP/dt max,LO均明显回升,LVEDP降低,t-dP/dt max缩短。三种强心甙的最大强心效力无显著性差异。但APAW的治疗宽度和治疗指数均较AAR和SK为大,而AAR和SK间则无显著性差异。     

辽吉冰凉花总甙对心功能影响的实验研究

辽吉冰凉花总甙(APAW)1.0mg/kg iv,能使麻醉家兔正常心脏的P-dP/dt环体面积(LO),LV-dP/dt_max,Vpm及LVSP比药前增大,HR减慢。APAW和冰凉花(AAR)及毒毛旋花子甙K(SK)一样,能明显改善衰竭兔心的心功能。静脉恒速输入0.5 mg/ml APAW,25min后,心衰家兔的LVSP,LV—dP/dt max,LO均明显回升,LVEDP降低,t-dP/dt max缩短。三种强心甙的最大强心效力无显著性差异。但APAW的治疗宽度和治疗指数均较AAR和SK为大,而AAR和SK间则无显著性差异。     

甲基莲心碱对正常及高血压大鼠血流动力学的影响

iv甲基莲心碱(Nef)6 mg/kg于正常血压、肾性高血压、DOCA盐型高血压大鼠,在血压下降的同时,伴有LVSP,±(dp/dt)max,(dp/dt)P~(-1)的降低,正常血压及肾性高血压大鼠LVSP~-(dp/dt)P~(-1)环缩小,其斜率变小,心率短时变慢,LVEDP变化不明显。iv Nef 2 mg/kg于Wistar高血压大鼠时,仅明显降低血压,而对其它血流动力学指标无明显影响,Nef降低舒张压的作用大于降低收缩压。猫后肢灌流实验证明Nef有明显降低血管阻力的作用。结果表明Nef的降压作用可能由于扩张外周血管所致。     

硅酸钠对犬血流动力学的作用

麻醉犬8只,iv硅酸钠10～20mg/kg,观察血流动力学各参数的影响。结果表明Na_2SiO_3可使LVSP,+dp/dt max和VCE-+dp/dtmax增加,-dp/dt max增加而T值缩短,可使SBP,DBP和MAP增加,CI增加而对HR及THR影响不大。认为升压作用与CI增加,心脏作功增加有关。     

左旋四氢巴马汀对麻醉大鼠血流动力学影响

L-THP 6mg/kg iv仅显著降低麻醉大鼠血压,LVP-过性降低。iv L-THP 18mg/kg在显著降低血压的同时伴有LVP,±(dP/dt)_(max),(dP/dt)P~(-1)降低及HR减慢。但血压下降程度比心室收缩性能下降为大。L-THP依剂量降低DAP,且降低程度大于SAP。表明L-THP能降低外周阻力,大剂量时对心脏收缩性能有抑制作用。     

心喘灵(XC-1)及其衍生物XC-2对麻醉犬血流动力学的作用

本工作比较研究了心喘灵(XC-1)及其衍生物XC-2(8204) 对麻醉开胸犬心脏血流动力学的作用。用递加剂量法静注心喘灵0.5,1.0,2.0和4.0 mg/kg,每二个剂量之间的间隔为5 min,给药后MAP和LVP下降,HR减慢,CI和SI增加,TPR降低,冠状、颈内和股动脉血流增加,血管阻力下降,±LVdp/dt max增加,而LV dp/dt/p改变不明显,LVW,CVP和MVO₂无明显变化。用同法静注同样剂量XC-2的作用和心喘灵相似,但较弱;一次静注5 mg/kg也出现柑似但较弱的作用。它们的作用是通过阻断α和β受体及直接扩张血管所引起。     

Class III Antiarrhythmic Action and Inotropy: Effects of Almokalant in Acute Ischaemic Heart Failure in Dogs

Abstract: We studied the haemodynamic and metabolic effects of the novel class III antiarrhythmic agent almokalant (H 234/09) in acute ischaemic heart failure at a dose prolonging ventricular repolarization. In pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs, heart failure was induced by microembolization of the area supplied by the main left coronary artery until a stable left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of 32 ± 2 mmHg was achieved. Embolization depressed LV dP/dt_max, LV dP/dt_min, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and cardiac output. After intravenous infusion of almokalant (0.35 μg/kg) LV dP/dt_max and LV dP/dt_min were not significantly changed at paced cycle length of 300 msec, whereas LVSP and aortic pressure decreased both at spontaneous and paced cycle length of 300 msec. LVEDP remained unchanged. Heart rate decreased from 185 ± 7 to 167 ± 5 beats/min., and corrected QT-time (QT_c) increased from 9.5 ± 0.3 to 10.4 ± 0.5 msec. Arterial concentration and net myocardial uptake of glucose, lactate and free fatty acids were not significantly influenced by almokalant. In conclusion, almokalant at a dose prolonging ventricular repolarization had no negative inotropic effect in acute ischaemic heart failure.     

Cardioprotective effect of matrine on isoproterenol‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats

Objectives This study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of matrine, an active component of Chinese traditional medicine, on isoproterenol‐induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods Acute myocardial injury was induced in rats by daily subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) for two days. Haemodynamic and biochemical parameters were measured and histopathological examination was performed. Key findings Chronic oral administration of matrine (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day for 10 days) significantly reduced the release of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and creatine kinase after isoproterenol‐induced myocardial ischaemic injury, improved the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, including increased LV systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum rate of developed LV pressure (LV dP/dt_max) and minimum rate of developed LV pressure (LV dP/dt_min), increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and also decreased the content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in plasma and myocardial tissues in rats. Acute oral administration of matrine at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg for two days also had a cardioprotective effect on this rat model. The protective role of matrine on isoproterenol‐induced myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination. There were no significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure in all experimental groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that matrine has a significant cardioprotection against isoproterenol‐induced cardiotoxicity through its antioxidant property.     

去甲乌药碱对实验性心力衰竭的治疗作用

去甲乌药碱(DMC)是中药附子的有效成分之一。静脉滴注DMC2μg/kg/min共5min,使豚鼠正常心脏的收缩力明显加强,LVSP和LV dP/dt_max分别增加58±7和25±7%;心衰后,LVSP和LV dP/dt_max分别下降到心衰前的40±5和30.5±2.8%。DMC可使之恢复到79±14和75±9.9%,DMC也能加强离体豚鼠衰竭心脏的收缩力。DMC的强心作用与ISO相似,但前者作用较弱,作用维持时间较长,这可能与他们的作用机制不同有关。     

Korean Red Ginseng Induced Cardioprotection against Myocardial Ischemia in Guinea Pig

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated guinea pig heart. KRG has been shown to possess various ginsenosides, which are the major components of Panax ginseng. These components are known naturally occurring compounds with beneficial effects and free radical scavenging activity. The heart was induced to ischemia for 60 min, followed by 120 min reperfusion. The hearts were randomly allocated into five groups (n=8 for each group): normal control (N/C), KRG control, I/R control, 250 mg/kg KRG group and 500 mg/kg KRG group. KRG significantly increased hemodynamics parameters such as aortic flow, coronary flow and cardiac output. Moreover, KRG significantly increased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the maximal rate of contraction (+dP/dt_max) and maximal rate of relaxation (-dP/dt_max). Also, treatment of KRG ameliorated electrocardiographic index such as the QRS, QT and RR intervals. Moreover, KRG significantly suppressed the lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB fraction and cardiac troponin I and ameliorated the oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde and glutathione. KRG was standardized through ultra performance liquid chromatograph analysis for its major ginsenosides. Taken together, KRG has been shown to prevent cardiac injury by normalizing the biochemical and oxidative stress.     

Changes in haemodynamics and left ventricular function during intravenous nifedipine infusion with and without additional propranolol in patients with coronary artery disease. A randomized,placebo controlled trial

Summary The haemodynamic effects of a combined intravenous treatment of nifedipine and propranolol in ten patients with coronary artery disease compared to a single treatment with nifedipine or placebo were investigated.Nifedipine infusion resulted in a reduction of left ventricular (LV) afterload and LV volumes with an increase in heart rate and EF and no change of the double product, coronary sinus flow, LV diastolic parameters and dp/dt_max. Addition of propranolol lowers myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate and dp/dt_max together with a sustained afterload reduction with no change in LV volumes and EF.The vasodilatatory action of nifedipine pretreatment balanced the negative effects of acute beta-receptor blockade on LV function and allows the reduction of myocardial oxygen demand without a deterioration of LV function.     

蝙蝠葛酚性碱对犬血流动力学及冠脉循环的影响蝙蝠葛酚性碱对犬血流动力学及冠脉循环的影响

目的研究蝙蝠葛酚性碱（PAMD）对正常麻醉犬血流动力学、冠脉循环及心肌氧代谢的影响。方法设立生理盐水阴性对照组及PAMD 3.5和7.0 mg·kg^-1两剂量组，在不同时间点观察各组犬血流动力学、冠脉循环及心肌氧代谢的相关指标的改变。结果与药前相比，PAMD两剂量组均可降低左心室收缩压（LVSP）和±dP/dt_max，减慢心率，增加心肌氧含量、降低心肌氧利用率，且具有增加冠状动脉血流量，降低冠状动脉阻力和外周阻力的作用。对血压、心输出量和左室舒张末压（LVEDP）无显著影响。结论PAMD能改善血流动力学、冠脉循环及心肌氧代谢。     

环维黄杨星D对大鼠心脏功能及血压的作用

目的观察环维黄杨星D(CVB-D)对正常大鼠在体心脏功能和血压的调节作用。方法雄性SD大鼠灌胃给予CVB-D 3.35 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),分别于给药2,4和6周后,用血流动力学方法观察大鼠的收缩压、舒张压、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力最大变化速率(±dp/dt_(max))以及心率。结果与对照组相比,灌胃给予CVB-D 6周后,大鼠LVSP增高,收缩压降低。而各时间点给药组LVEDP、±dp/dt_(max)、舒张压及心率均未发生明显改变。结论CVB-D对在体大鼠有一定的增强心脏功能和降低主动脉压力效应,同时不会引起心动过速。     

Tacrolimus ameliorates functional disturbances and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction

Background

The inflammatory responses play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Early inhibition of inflammation may improve post MI cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tacrolimus on cardiac function, hemodynamic parameters as well as histopathologic and electrocardiographic changes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of control, isoproterenol alone, tacrolimus alone, and isoproterenol plus tacrolimus (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg). Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for two consecutive days to induce myocardial infarction, and simultaneously tacrolimus was administered orally twice a day for three days.

Results and conclusions

Administration of isoproterenol resulted in myocardial edema and necrosis as well as a marked reduction in the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular contractility (LVdP/dt_max) and relaxation (LVdP/dt_min) along with a severe elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Isoproterenol also elevated the ST-segment and suppressed the R-amplitude and R-R interval on ECG. It was found that all doses of tacrolimus could amend the ECG pattern and ameliorated the isoproterenol induced disturbances in cardiac function. Acute and short term treatment with tacrolimus at dose of 2 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) improved LVdP/dt_max from 2712 ± 82 in myocardial infarcted rats to 4592 ± 149 mmHg/sec. Similarly, tacrolimus lowered LVEDP from 17.6 ± 0.68 in MI group to the value of 5.6 ± 0.22 mmHg (P < 0.001). Furthermore, tacrolimus was found to reduce malondialdehyde concentration in serum and myocardium by 50-70% (P < 0.001).The results of this study showed that acute treatment with tacrolimus, coincided with the occurrence of myocardial infarction, strongly protected the myocardium against the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; where this might be due to the anti-inflammatory properties of tacrolimus.