垂体腺瘤合并肢端肥大症患者的麻醉

垂体腺瘤为来源于垂体前叶的良性肿瘤.其中生长激素腺瘤(GH腺瘤)合并肢端肥大症患者.在麻醉诱导、维持期和苏醒期均有可能出现呼吸、循环功能的扰乱.为确保围麻醉期病人的安全和提高麻醉质量,作者就我院近年来该类手术的麻醉管理进行回顾性的临床资料分析,报道如下.     

肢端肥大症患者增生性结肠息肉的高度流行

以一组肠易激综合征(IBS)患者作对照,对肢端肥大症患者人群中结肠息肉的发病率及特征作了评估。有30例(40%)肢端肥大症患者发现有结肠息肉,对照组中有10例(13%)(P<0.0001)。肢端肥大症患者中,有27例(90%)为增生型息肉,3例(10%)为腺瘤样息肉。对照组中,有9例(90%)为增生型,1例(10%)为腺瘤样。同时,在两组中我们发现增生型息肉与高龄之间有显著联系(P<0.0001)。两组患者的性别、病灶部位、息肉的大小或肉眼所见及组织学分类都没有显著差异。肢端肥大症患者结肠增生型息肉的发病率比IBS患者高,而两组腺瘤样息肉的发病率相似。肢端肥大症患…     

关注肢端肥大症的诊治进展和未来——2012年醋酸奥曲肽微球(善龙)肢端肥大症专家研讨会纪实

<正>1.肢端肥大症的诊疗现状众所周知,肢端肥大症是一种罕见疾病,98%是由垂体生长激素(GH)腺瘤引起。由于肢端肥大症起病隐匿,确诊平均延误7～10年,因而很多患者常存在多种严重并发症,例如心功能不全、糖代谢紊乱、骨关节病变等,严重影响患者的生活质量,且可导致其死亡率比正常人群高2～3倍。目前,肢端肥大症的主要治疗方法有3种:手术、药物和放射治疗。其中,药物     

肢端肥大症规范化诊治的推广势在必行

肢端肥大症(以下简称肢大)是由功能性垂体腺瘤过度分泌生长激素及腺瘤的占位效应所导致的一系列临床表现症候群.由于起病隐匿,肢大患者平均在患病9年后当表现出典型的肢大体征或出现视功能障碍时方被诊断.北京协和医院的资料显示,肢大患者诊断时平均年龄36.6岁,而此时患者常常已经出现了较为严重的糖代谢异常、高血压、心肌肥厚以及呼吸系统等并发症,加之对垂体前叶其他轴系例如性腺轴功能的破坏,严重影响患者生活质量和寿命.     

经鼻罩持续气道正压通气治疗急性心源性肺水肿

目的 :研究经鼻罩持续气道正压 (CPAP)治疗急性心源性肺水肿的效果。方法 :4 2例急性心源性肺水肿患者分为对照组 2 0例 ,在常规药物治疗基础上 ,给予高流量吸氧 ;治疗组 2 2例 ,在常规药物治疗的基础上或常规治疗效果不佳的情况下给予经鼻罩 CPAP治疗 ,观察两组患者临床表现、动脉血气的变化 ,比较两组患者肺水肿症状、体征缓解所需时间。结果 :接受 CPAP治疗的患者肺水肿缓解较对照组迅速 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血气 Pa O2 增加及 Pa CO2 下降迅速而显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,呼吸频率下降快而显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,CPAP治疗组无患者需气管插管人工通气 ,而对照组 1例患者需气管插管人工通气 (P<0 .0 5 )。 CPAP治疗的患者耐受良好 ,只有 3例患者因无法耐受过紧的面罩 ,无法配合呼吸机导致终止治疗 ,治疗过程无明显不良反应。结论 :与常规氧疗相比 ,CPAP可迅速改善心功能 ,并更快改善急性心源性肺水肿症状、体征和血气指标。     

综合护理干预在COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无创机械通气患者中的应用效果观察

目的:探讨综合护理干预在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无创机械通气患者中的应用效果。方法:选取我院行无创机械通气治疗的COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者78例,根据入院就诊顺序分为两组,各39例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施综合护理干预。统计对比两组并发症发生情况,并比较无创通气前、48h后两组血气分析相关指标[动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)、血氧饱和度(Sa O2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)]水平。结果:观察组并发症发生率(7. 69%)较对照组(25. 64%)低,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);无创通气48h后观察组Pa O2、Sa O2水平较对照组高,Pa CO2水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论:综合护理干预应用于COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无创机械通气患者,可减少并发症发生率,并改善血气分析指标。     

双水平气道正压通气联合尼可刹米治疗慢阻肺呼衰合并意识障碍效果观察

目的：观察双水平气道正压通气联用尼可刹米治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（慢阻肺）呼衰合并意识障碍的临床效果。方法：将慢性阻塞性肺病呼衰合并意识障碍患者50例随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用鼻面罩无创正压通气、尼可刹米维持泵入及常规治疗。对照组采用鼻面罩无创正压通气和常规治疗。比较通气前、通气24h后及通气72h后动脉血气分析、临床疗效及气管插管率。结果：观察组25例中治疗有效22例,病情加重需气管插管机械通气治疗3例;对照组25例中治疗有效14例,需要气管插管机械通气治疗11例。观察组气管插管率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。2组治疗后动脉血气分析、临床症状均较治疗前明显改善（P〈0.05）,观察组与对照组治疗后24小时相比,Pa CO2下降明显,Pa O2上升明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：无创通气联用呼吸兴奋剂尼可刹米治疗慢阻肺呼吸衰竭合并意识障碍患者可以使患者意识尽早恢复,改善无创通气的疗效,同时减少患者的气管插管率。     

以糖尿病性酮症酸中毒起病的肢端肥大症一例报道

肢端肥大症是一种内分泌疾病,多来源于垂体腺瘤分泌过量的生长激素,多起病隐匿、进展缓慢,易延误诊治。本文回顾性分析1例以糖尿病性酮症酸中毒首诊的肢端肥大症患者的诊治资料,并对相关文献进行复习,以提高临床医生对以糖尿病性酮症酸中毒起病的肢端肥大症的认识。     

中国肢端肥大症诊治指南(2013版)

一、前言 肢端肥大症(以下简称肢大)是一种起病隐匿的慢性进展性内分泌疾病,患者就诊时病程可能已达数年甚至10年以上.肢大的主要病因是体内产生过量的生长激素(GH).95％以上的肢大患者是由分泌GH的垂体腺瘤所致.长期过度分泌的GH可导致全身软组织、骨和软骨过度增生,引起面容改变、手足肥大、皮肤粗厚、内脏增大、骨关节病变以及睡眠呼吸暂停综合征等.此外,垂体肿瘤压迫症状、糖尿病、高血压、心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病以及结肠癌等恶性肿瘤发生率也会相应增加,这些代谢紊乱性疾病和并发症严重影响患者健康和生存质量,导致患者寿命缩短.临床上诊断和治疗的延误会使这些并发症发生率明显增加.     

肢端肥大症的围手术期护理

经蝶窦显微外科手术切除垂体生长激素(GH)腺瘤是肢端肥大症的首选治疗。提高围手术期的治疗与护理技术对提高手术成功率，减少并发症和死亡率极为重要。我院予1998年1月～2002年5月共收治36例GH腺瘤患者，通过加强对围手术期的治疗和细致观察、护理，疗效满意。现将护理经验总结如下。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.