黄连解毒汤有效部位对动物脑缺血缺氧的保护作用

目的　研究黄连解毒汤有效部位(HLJDTAF)对小鼠的抗缺氧作用及对多发脑梗死大鼠能量代谢的影响。方法　通过小鼠常压耐缺氧、小鼠亚硝酸钠中毒和断头试验,观察黄连解毒汤有效部位连续灌胃给药4d对缺氧的保护作用,同时观察该药对血细胞的影响;采用大鼠多发性脑梗死模型观察HLJDTAF对模型大鼠脑组织乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶的影响。结果　HLJDTAF865,433,216mg·kg^-1可明显延长小鼠常压密闭状态下的存活时间(与对照组比较P<0.05) ;216mg·kg^-1可明显延长小鼠亚硝酸钠中毒缺氧存活时间(与对照组比较P<0.05) ;HLJDTAF865,433,216mg·kg^-1可明显延长正常小鼠断头张口喘气时间(与对照组比较P<0.05;P<0.01) ,433mg·kg^-1可提高小鼠血液中血红蛋白含量,同时升高白细胞和淋巴细胞数量(与对照组比较P<0.05) ;HLJDTAF610,305mg·kg^-1组可显著降低多发性脑梗塞大鼠脑组织中LA含量,提高LDH活性,提高Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性,153mg·kg^-1也可提高LDH与Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性(与模型组比较P<0.05;P<0.01)。结论　HLJDTAF可提高小鼠耐缺氧能力,同时改善多发脑梗死大鼠脑组织能量代谢障碍,这可能是其脑保护作用的机制。     

松树皮提取物原花青素对抗动物心肌缺血的研究

目的:研究松树皮提取物原花青素对抗动物心肌缺血的作用.方法:实验动物随机分为空白组、阳性对照复方丹参组(小鼠为20 mg·kg-1,大鼠为10 mg·kg-1)、原花青素低、中、高组(小鼠为10.0、20.0、30.0 mg· kg-1,大鼠为5.0、10.0、20 mg·kg-1)共5组,进行小鼠常压耐缺氧及抗亚硝酸钠中毒实验,记录小鼠的存活时间;垂体后叶素诱发大鼠实验性心肌缺血,记录大鼠心电图的变化,颈动脉取血,测量血清的LDH、MDA等指标.结果:原花青素能延长动物耐缺氧时间(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);能够改善垂体后叶素引起的心电变化(P＜0.05).结论:松树皮提取物原花青素对动物的心肌缺血有一定的保护作用.     

参附注射液对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑能量代谢的影响

目的 探讨参附注射液对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的脑能量代谢的影响及其可能的机制.方法 ♂ SD大鼠30只,随机均分为空白对照组(C组)、脑缺血再灌注组(IR组)、参附注射液预处理组(SFI组).HPLC测定大鼠脑组织中的高能磷酸化合物三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的含量;应用乳酸及Na+-K+-ATPase检测试剂盒观察大鼠脑组织中乳酸及Na+-K+-ATPase的变化.结果 C组、IR组大鼠脑组织中乳酸含量为0.20±0.04、0.70±0.05 mmol·g-1;C组ATP的含量为416.81±20.52 ng·mL-1,Na+-K+-ATPase为5.98±0.53μmol· mg·h-1,而IR组大鼠脑组织中ATP的含量及Na+-K+-ATPase的活性均明显低于C组(P＜0.01),表明脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型的建立成功;而给予SFI预处理后,SFI组大鼠脑组织中乳酸含量降低到0.42±0.04 mmol·g-1,明显低于IR组(P＜0.01),而ATP的含量及Na+-K+-ATPase活性则均较IR组明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 参附注射液预处理可以通过提高缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中的ATP含量、增强Na+-K+-ATPase的活性,降低脑组织中乳酸的含量,以改善大鼠的脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

抗癫痫药物卡马西平的抗缺氧作用研究

目的研究卡马西平对缺氧小鼠的保护作用。方法采用常压缺氧、断头缺血和亚硝酸钠中毒缺氧方法,观察卡马西平对小鼠耐缺氧作用的影响。结果100mg.kg-1和50mg.kg-1卡马西平能显著延长常压耐缺氧小鼠的存活时间(P<0.01);100mg.kg-1和50mg.kg-1卡马西平能显著延长断头小鼠的存活时间(P<0.01);100mg.kg-1卡马西平能显著延长亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠的存活时间(P<0.01)。结论卡马西平对常压、急性脑缺血性缺氧和化学性缺氧小鼠有一定保护作用。     

黄连解毒汤对过氧化氢诱导大鼠皮层神经元损伤的保护作用

目的:观察黄连解毒汤有效部位(HLJDTAF)对培养皮层神经细胞过氧化氢损伤的保护作用.方法:体外培养新生大鼠皮层神经细胞,加入过氧化氢观察其对神经细胞的损伤及HLJDTAF的保护作用.结果:HLJDTAF 610,305 mg·kg -1 可减少模型乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率,305 mg·kg -1 还可提高模型细胞活性(P< 0.05 ;P< 0.01 ).同时HLJDTAF各剂量均可减少丙二醛生成,153 mg·kg -1 还可减少一氧化氮生成.结论:HLJDTAF对培养神经细胞自由基损伤具有显著的保护作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化作用有关.     

左旋丁苯酞抗脑缺血缺氧作用研究

目的考察左旋丁苯酞注射液(l-butylphthalide,l-NBP)抗脑缺血缺氧作用。方法采用小鼠断头全脑缺血、密闭缺氧、颈总动脉及迷走神经结扎和大鼠中动脉阻塞等实验方法。结果 l-NBP 20、10和5 mg.kg-1剂量组可以明显延长小鼠断头后喘气时间和小鼠密闭缺氧的存活时间,可以降低大鼠中动脉阻塞后的脑梗死百分率;l-NBP 20、10 mg.kg-1剂量组可以明显延长小鼠颈总动脉及迷走神经结扎后的存活时间。结论 l-NBP具有一定的抗脑缺血缺氧作用。     

总丹酚酸对小鼠脑缺氧的保护作用

目的 观察总丹酚酸(total salvianolic acids,Sal)对小鼠脑缺氧的保护作用.方法 利用小鼠断头及亚硝酸钠造成急性脑缺氧模型,观察Sal的抗脑缺氧作用,并以连二亚硫酸钠造成培养神经细胞缺氧损伤模型,初步探讨Sal的作用机制.结果Sal 10,20mg·kg~(-1)iv能明显延长小鼠断头张口喘气时间及亚硝酸钠致缺氧小鼠的生存时间,并显著降低急性脑缺氧小鼠脑组织的丙二醛(MDA)含量.Sal1~10μg·L~(-1)能剂量依赖地降低神经细胞缺氧性损伤时的细胞死亡率,减少乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放,并能明显减少MDA的生成.结论Sal能明显对抗小鼠急性脑缺氧,其机理可能与其减少脂质过氧化物生成有关.     

山茶花总黄酮对缺血性脑损伤的保护作用

目的研究山茶花总黄酮(TFC)对小鼠急性脑缺血和大鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用。方法结扎小鼠双侧颈总动脉建立脑缺血模型,观察TFC对小鼠死亡率及死亡时间的影响。建立局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)模型,观察TFC大鼠对行为学、脑梗死面积的影响,并测定缺血侧脑组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、丙二醛(MDA)及一氧化氮(NO)含量。结果TFC80、40mg·kg-1组可降低缺血小鼠的死亡率,延长死亡时间;60、30、15mg·kg-1组可改善行为障碍,降低行为学评分;60、30mg·kg-1组可减少MCAO大鼠脑梗死范围,降低脑组织中MDA、NO含量,抑制LDH活性的下降。结论TFC对缺血性脑损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与抗自由基和抑制NO生成有关。     

卡马西平对小鼠缺氧及脑缺血损害的影响

实验前30 min ip卡马西平(Car,13.0—50.0 mg·kg~(-1)),能明显延长吸入96％N_2 4％O_2小鼠的存活时间;Car 25.0和50.0mg·kg~(-1)能明显延长双侧颈动脉结扎引起脑缺血小鼠的存活时间,25.0—70.0mg·kg~(-1)能减轻小鼠断头缺血30 s后脑ATP,磷酸肌酸(PC)的减少和乳酸(LA)的增高,结果表明,Car可对抗小鼠缺氧和缺血性脑损害。     

珠子参醇提物对小鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用

目的:珠子参醇提物对小鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用.方法:珠子参水提物低、中、高剂量组(2.5,5.0,10.0 g·kg-1)灌胃给药7 d后制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,缺血24 h后,观察进行神经症状评分、斜板试验,取大脑并用2,3,5-三苯基四氮唑染色后测定梗死面积,用失重法计算脑组织含水量;制作脑匀浆,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、Na+-K+-ATP、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP活性和乳酸(LD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:珠子参醇提物能显著提高局灶性脑缺血模型小鼠成活率(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),明显改善缺血再灌注后的神经症状,降低脑梗死面积和脑含水量(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),并能明显增加SOD、GSH-PX、Na+-K+-ATP、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP活性,降低LDH活性和LD、MDA含量(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:珠子参醇提物预处理对小鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤具有明显的保护作用.     

Studies on the inhibitory effect of etafenone hydrochloride on platelet aggregation

The inhibitory effect of etafenone hydrochloride (etafenone) on platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet rich plasma and the involvement of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in the inhibitory mechanism for etafenone on platelet aggregation were studied. 1) Etafenone exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on collagen (15--20 micrograms/ml)-induced platelet aggregation, and its median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.7 X 10(-5)M. 2) In ADP (20 microM)-induced aggregation, etafenone also exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, but its IC50 was 2.7 X 10(-4)M and was significantly higher than that in the case of collagen. 3) Etafenone inhibited AA (0.3--0.5mM)-induced platelet aggregation dose-dependently. Its IC50 was 2.8 X 10(-5)M. 4) In thromboxane (TX) A2-induced aggregation, etafenone exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition, and the IC50 was 3.2 X 10(-4)M. 5) Trapidil which was reported to inhibit platelet aggregation via phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition had a similar IC50 on ADP- and TXA2-induced platelet aggregation to that of etafenone, but in collagen- and AA-induced aggregation, its IC50 was higher than that of etafenone. 6) Etafenone (3 X 10(-6)--3 X 10(-4)M) dose-dependently inhibited the production of TXB2 in PRP induced by collagen. 7) Etafenone scarcely affected TXA2 synthetase activity in rabbit platelet homogenate. 8) The correlation between the inhibitory effect of etafenone on platelet aggregation and inhibition of AA metabolism activation and PDE inhibition was discussed.     

Clinical studies on effect of cefbuperazone on surgical infections

We conducted clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of cefbuperazone (CBPZ) on surgical infections with the following results. 1) In evaluable 32 patients, CBPZ was evaluated to be clinically effective in 23 (71.9%) and the efficacy rate was better in those who were administered 4 g/day of CBPZ (87.5%, 14/16) than in those who were given 2 g/day (57.1%, 8/14). 2) Antibacterial activity of CBPZ was evaluated in 41 isolated bacterial strains. Pathogen eradication rate by bacterial species was 75.6% (31/41). CBPZ exerted excellent antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli (100%, 8/8) and anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides (88.9%, 8/9). Resistant bacteria to CBPZ were Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3) No serious side effects were noted in any of the 34 patients who entered in this study. Abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 2 patients (5.9%) and they were transient elevation of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. From the results shown above, CBPZ appears to be a highly useful antibiotic for the treatment of surgical infection.     

曲美他嗪治疗心绞痛72例临床疗效分析

目的探讨曲美他嗪治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法选择72例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为2组,治疗组40例,应用硝酸酯类、抗血小板制剂等传统药物治疗合并曲美他嗪20mg,口服,每日3次。对照组32例为常规用药,连续观察2个月。对照观察两组患者心绞痛改善程度,心电图变化及血压、心率的变化。结果临床总有效率治疗组明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.001)两组的血压、心率变化无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论曲美他嗪作为一种常用的心肌能量代谢药物,对改善心肌缺血,改善心绞痛患者运动能量及临床症状,疗效确切,安全可靠。     

Studies on toad venom (3): effect of metals on the quality of toad venom torrefied on a metal plate

To study the quality of toad venom dried on different metal plates by heating at 105 degrees C, each 20 g sample of fresh toad venom collected in Hei-Long-Jiang Province, China, was dried on (1) brass, (2) copper, (3) glass, (4) acrylic resins, (5) aluminum and (6) stainless-steel, respectively. Twelve bufadienolides, including bufalin and bufotalin, in each sample were then quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. The total levels of bufadienolides in 1000.0 mg of the dried samples were (1) > (2) > (3) > (4) > (5) > (6), varying from 303.44 mg to 420.72 mg. Besides, the color of dried venom became darker in the order of (2), (4), (6), (3), (1) and (5). Though (1) was not in good color, it was superior to the others in chemical quality. These results suggest that it is possible to dry toad venom in short period by heating it at a high temperature on a tray made of brass. This will be a better method for making high quality toad venom than the traditional method. Moreover, the removal of impurities in the fresh venom by the process of filtration through silk succeeded in raising the bufadienolides content significantly.     

Effects of mibefradil on uterine contractility

Mibefradil, a benzimidazolyl tetralol derivative, is a new Ca(2+) channel antagonist which is structurally distinct from other Ca(2+) channel antagonists such as nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem. It is a very effective antihypertensive agent that is thought to achieve its action via a higher affinity block for low-voltage activated (T) than for high-voltage-activated (L) Ca(2+) channels. Nevertheless, it blocks L-type Ca(2+) channels in several tissues. In the present study, the effects of mibefradil on spontaneous rhythmic contractions and on contractions elicited by CaCl(2) (K(+)-depolarized preparations) and oxytocin (in low Ca(2+)/Ca(2+)-free solutions) were investigated on uterus strips from pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Mibefradil (10(-8)-3 x 10(-6) M) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous contractions of uterus strips from pregnant and non-pregnant rats with the IC(50) values of 8.83 x 10(-7) M; 5.94 x 10(-7) M (amplitude) and 1.03 x 10(-6) M; 5.48 x 10(-7) M (frequency), respectively. Mibefradil (3 microM) caused a rightward shift in the concentration-response curves for CaCl(2) in K(+) (40 mM)-depolarized uterus strips taken from both pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Mibefradil (3 microM) was, however, more potent for antagonising CaCl(2) responses in uterus strips obtained from pregnant rats than in those from non-pregnant rats. Mibefradil (3 microM) had no effect on oxytocin-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free physiological salt solution (PSS) on uterus strips from non-pregnant rats. However, it markedly inhibited oxytocin-induced contraction of pregnant rat uterus strips in Ca(2+)-free PSS. Thus, mibefradil probably antagonizes L-type Ca(2+) channels as well as interferes with the intracellular Ca(2+) release mechanism, which would be helpful in the development of a tocolytic agent.     

2-氯脱氧腺苷对多药耐药白血病细胞的毒性实验研究

目的　探讨 2 -氯脱氧腺苷 (2 - CDA)对多药耐药白血病细胞 (K5 6 2 / A0 2 )的毒性作用。方法　细胞毒实验采用 MTT法 ,二药合用时细胞毒性作用采用 Chou- Talalay联合指数法分析。结果　 2 - CDA对 K5 6 2和K5 6 2 / A0 2的 IC50 分别为 (2 3.9± 2 .4) nmol/ L 和 (137.6± 12 .7) nm ol/ L(P<0 .0 5 )。 2 - CDA与柔红霉素 (DNR)联合应用时 ,对 K5 6 2细胞的联合指数分别是 1.0 ,对 K5 6 2 / A0 2细胞为 5 .1。结论　 2 - CDA对敏感白血病细胞具有明显细胞毒性作用。多药耐药白血病细胞对 2 - CDA不敏感。2 - CDA与 DNR联合应用时 ,对敏感白血病细胞的毒性为相加作用 ,对多药耐药白血病细胞的毒性为拮抗作用。     

脂蛋白（a）对血管内皮细胞损伤作用的实验研究

目的 研究脂蛋白（ａ）「Ｌｐ（ａ）」对血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）的损伤作用和高密度脂蛋（ＨＤＬ）存在时对血管ＥＣ的损伤作用。方法 以体外培养的人脐静脉ＥＣ为模型,通过观察细胞形态、测定细胞功能了解Ｌｐ（ａ）和ＨＤＬ和Ｌｐ（ａ）对ＥＣ的损伤作用。结果 预加入ＨＤＬ再加入定量的Ｌｐ（ａ）后,ＥＣ收缩,胞浆呈分支状,乳酸脱氟酶（ＬＤＨ）释放量增高,６－酮－前列腺素Ｆｌａ（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦｌａ）合成明显关少     

Influence of binder type on interacting variables acting on mechanical properties of a sulfadimidine tablet formulation

A study of the quantitative effect of type of binder (N), applied pressure (P), and granular size (G) on two mechanical properties-tensile strength (TS) and brittle fracture index (BFI) - of a sulfadimidine tablet formulation has been carried out by using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. The results obtained from this work suggest that P exhibited the largest individual effect on TS and BFI. It is also seen from this work that the nature of binders in combination affects the influence that P and G had on the TS or BFI.     

5种注射剂的细菌内毒素检查法初步考察

目的：考察５种注射剂盐酸林可霉素注射液，盐酸精氨酸注射液，注射用玻璃酸酶，肝素钠注射液和顺铂注射液的细菌内毒素检查法可行性。方法：中国药典细菌内毒素检查法。结果；除ｄ外，其余原液及稀释液均于有干扰作用。结论：ｄ的原液及ａ的２０倍以上稀释液可用灵敏度为０．５ＥＵ／ｍｌ的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查，而ｂ，ｃ和ｅ尚需进一步探讨。     

中药对广州地区肺炎链球菌抑菌作用研究

目的:探讨中草药对广州地区肺炎链球菌的体外抑菌作用。方法:采用琼脂稀释法检测肺炎链球菌对中药的最低抑菌浓度(M IC)。结果:5种中草药水煎剂均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中黄连抑菌效果最好,黄连水煎剂对肺炎链球菌M IC50为2 g/mL,M IC90为4 g/mL。结论:中药对肺炎链球菌有不同程度抑菌作用。