退变性腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

随着人口老龄化及影像诊断技术的发展,退变性腰椎管狭窄症发病率明显增高,越来越受到人们的重视,在治疗上主要有手术和非手术治疗两大类,本文就退变性腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的适应症、治疗策略、各种手术方法:如椎板减压、融合固定、非融合固定以及微创MED等的应用进展加以综述.     

减压后原位固定融合治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨减压后原位固定融合治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的方法及疗效.方法 利用后路椎管狭窄节段减压,椎弓根螺钉系统原位固定,自体髂骨椎间植骨治疗52例退变性腰椎管狭窄症.结果 术后随访48例,下肢症状完全缓解者46例(95.83%),腰痛完全缓解者41例(85.42%).随机抽取10例术后1年以上患者行CT三维重建,示椎间植骨均骨性融合.结论 退变性腰椎管狭窄症,减压后原位固定,椎间植骨融合,既可以解除神经根的压迫,又可解决因关节突关节退变而引发的腰痛.     

双侧多节段开窗法治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的介绍一种治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的手术方法。方法应用双侧多节段开窗法治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者57例。结果全部病例平均随访1年8月,优良率89．5％．结论手术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症不需要行全椎板或半椎板切除,只需行双侧多节段开窗减压即可获得满意疗效,对脊柱的稳定性影响小,不需加用内固定。     

退变性腰椎侧凸合并腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗

目的 探讨应用腰椎管减压,椎弓根螺钉系统固定加后外侧植骨融合,治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴腰椎管狭窄的疗效.方法 25例退变性腰椎侧凸伴腰椎管狭窄的患者采用椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定和后外侧植骨融合的方法治疗.观察手术疗效,同时探讨退变性腰椎侧凸伴退变性狭窄的病因.对减压和固定融合范围,融合方式等进行了探索.结果 术后随访12～30个月(平均16个月),植骨融合率100%,临床疗效采用Otani评定标准,优良率为92%.无神经并发症,无内固定断裂,松动.结论 采用腰椎管彻底减压,相应节段椎弓根螺钉钉棒系统固定加后外侧植骨融合是治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴椎管狭窄的安全有效的方法.     

两种术式治疗双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效比较

目的：比较显微内窥镜手术与传统开放手术治疗双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法2006-03-2012-06对186例双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄患者分别采用显微内窥镜开窗减压手术和传统开放减压融合内固定手术治疗,其中内窥镜减压组95例,开放减压融合内固定手术组91例,对两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后并发症、末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index ODI）及优良率进行比较。结果内窥镜组手术时间、术中出血量及切口长度均较开放组少（P＜0.05）,术后并发症少,两组术后ODI及优良率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论显微内窥镜下椎管减压术治疗双节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症较开放手术创伤小、术中出血少、并发症少,并取得与开放手术相似的临床疗效。     

个体化椎板减压结合椎间融合或后外侧融合内固定治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的总结采用个体化椎板减压结合椎间融合或后外侧融合加内固定治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法对82例退变性腰椎管狭窄症,在个体化椎板减压基础上,52例采用腰椎后外侧融合术（PLF）内固定治疗,30例采用腰椎后路椎体间固定融合术（PLIF）或扩大椎间孔外移入路（改良TLIF）融合内固定治疗。结果 82例经12-114个月的随访,按Odom标准：优62例,良10例,可9例,差1例,优良率87.8%。结论对行非手术治疗无效的退变性腰椎管狭窄症采用上述方法治疗均能取得满意的临床效果,长期疗效有待进一步随访。     

老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗

退行性腰椎管狭窄症属于后天获得性腰椎管狭窄的一种类型 ,也是腰椎管狭窄最常见的原因。而随着现在人均寿命的延长及生活质量要求的提高 ,老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的病人越来越多。我国目前对老年退行性腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗也逐渐趋向于以小开窗来达到减压的目的 ,以免术后出现不稳情况 ,但对于已经伴有退变性不稳的也开始进行融合手术 ,对伴有退变性脊柱畸形 (如侧凸 )的矫形则争论较多。1　老年性腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗上世纪九十年代初以前退行性腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗一直采用全椎板或半椎板切除减压 ,长期随访观察 ,一些术后并发症如…     

DIAPASON系统治疗腰椎管狭窄症的近期疗效

目的探讨用DIAPASON系统治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄的近期治疗效果。方法应用椎板减压、神经根松解、椎间植骨融合、DIAPASON系统固定治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄患者20例。手术节段:L4~5节段10例,L5~S1节段6例,L4~5合并L5~S1者4例。结果20例手术全部成功,术后无感染及内固定失败等并发症,随访6~18个月,8例患者腰腿痛消失,11例症状改善,1例无变化。17例行走功能改善。3例有泌尿功能障碍的患者中2例症状改善,1例无改变。结论后路行椎管减压、神经根松解、应用DIAPASON系统内固定、椎间植骨融合治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症近期疗效满意。     

后路腰椎间融合治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者腰痛的疗效分析

[目的]分析腰椎管狭窄症患者腰痛的原因,探讨后路腰椎间融合术对腰椎管狭窄症腰痛的治疗效果.[方法]比较腰痛明显的腰椎管狭窄症患者和典型间歇性跛行症状的腰椎管狭窄症患者的年龄、术前腰椎失稳、生理前凸消失和退变性侧弯的发生率;分析后路腰椎间融合 (posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF) 治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者下腰痛的随访结果.[结果]腰痛明显组的腰椎管狭窄症患者的平均年龄、腰椎节段性失稳率、腰椎前凸消失和退变性侧弯的比率高于间歇性跛行组的腰椎管狭窄症患者.PLIF术后腰痛症状明显减轻,JOA评分改善,退变性侧弯程度减轻,腰椎前凸恢复,椎间均达到骨性融合.[结论]PLIF可消除腰椎管狭窄症的多种腰痛病因,是治疗腰椎管狭窄症下腰痛的较好术式选择.     

后路椎间盘镜手术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨后路椎间盘镜系统(MED)在腰椎管狭窄症中的应用.方法 对40例退变性腰椎管狭窄症行MED下椎管减压术.结果 责任间隙神经根及硬膜囊充分减压松解,疗效按Macnab标准,优良率92.15%,无并发症.结论 退变性腰椎管狭窄症采用MED手术治疗,效果较好.     

Spinal lumbar synovial cysts. Diagnosis and management challenge

Sophisticated and newer imaging capabilities have resulted in increased reporting and treatment options of spinal lumbar synovial cysts (LSS). Most of the patients with lumbar cysts tend to be in their sixth decade of life with a slight female predominance. The incidence of LSS is thought to be less than 0.5% of the general symptomatic population. They may be asymptomatic and found incidentally or the epidural growth of cysts into the spinal canal can cause compression of neural structures and hence associated clinical symptoms. Most of the symptomatic LSS patients present with radicular pain and neurological deficits. Spinal synovial cysts are commonly found at L4-5 level, the site of maximum mobility. They may be unilateral or bilateral and at one or multilevel. MRI is considered the tool of choice for its diagnosis. The etiology of LSS is still unclear, but underlying spinal instability, facet joint arthropathy and degenerative spondylolisthesis has a strong association for worsening symptoms and formation of spinal cysts. Synovial cysts resistant to conservative therapy should be treated surgically. Resection and decompression with or without fusion and instrumentation remains an appropriate option. Synovial cysts may recur following surgery. The optimal approach for patients with juxtafacet LSS remains unclear. The best surgical treatment option for each particular individual should be tailored depending upon the symptoms, radiological findings and other co morbidities.     

Spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis

Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar spondylolisthesis (DS) can lead to significant disability and impaired quality of life. In select patients with predominantly leg-dominant symptoms that have exhausted nonoperative treatment, surgical treatment can provide significant improvement in symptoms. The present paper reviews the clinical evaluation, radiographic findings, and surgical decision making of both spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis using the current best available evidence.     

腰椎间盘退变性疾病术后短期内再手术原因分析与疗效

目的探讨腰椎间盘退变性疾病手术后短期内再次手术的原因及干预方法。方法 2010年8月至2011年2月手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎间盘突出症等腰椎间盘退变性疾病238例,手术方式包括髓核摘除、椎管减压、椎间融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定等。术后7例因腰腿痛及神经根性症状持续存在或加重在短期内进行再次手术,其中男2例,女5例,年龄47～67岁。再手术原因包括神经根管减压不充分伴髓核组织残留2例,椎弓根螺钉误置2例,椎间融合术后相邻节段退变2例,椎板切除减压、髓核摘除术后椎间不稳1例。结果 7例手术均顺利完成,有效随访6～12个月,术后视觉模拟疼痛评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均有改善,腰腿痛及神经根性症状有所缓解,疗效满意。结论游离型腰椎间盘突出症容易发生髓核组织残留致神经根管减压不充分、椎弓根螺钉误置;要重视腰椎融合术后相邻节段退变发生的相关因素,有效预防和延缓相邻节段退变的发生。     

Effect of surgical treatment on physical activity and bone resorption in patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication

The effect of surgical treatment on physical activity and bone resorption was examined in patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication. Nineteen patients, 50–77 years of age, with neurogenic intermittent claudication (mean, 162 m; range, 20–400 m) caused by degenerative lumbar disease were included in the study. Decompressive laminectomy alone was performed for 7 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and 5 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLSL), and decompressive laminectomy, with a Graf stabilization system, was performed for 7 patients with DLSL associated with flexion instability. Clinical symptoms and levels of urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) were assessed before and 12 months after surgery. Subjective symptoms, including low back pain, leg pain and/or tingling, and gait disturbance, as well as restriction of activities of daily living were significantly alleviated by the surgical treatment, resulting in an increase in physical activity. Urinary NTx levels were significantly decreased by the surgical treatment, from 63.1 ± 16.9 (mean ± SD) nmol BCE/mmol Cr to 52.1 ± 11.2 nmol BCE/mmol Cr (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that surgical treatment appears to alleviate the clinical symptoms and increase physical activity in patients with LSS or DLSL, potentially resulting in the suppression of bone resorption. Surgical treatment may contribute to the prevention of physical inactivity-induced osteoporosis in elderly patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication caused by degenerative lumbar disease. Received: June 22, 2001 / Accepted: September 17, 2001     

Minimally invasive decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis with degenerative scoliosis: Predictive factors of radiographic and clinical outcomes

There is ongoing controversy regarding the most appropriate surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with concurrent degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS): decompression alone, decompression with limited spinal fusion, or long spinal fusion for deformity correction. The coexistence of degenerative stenosis and deformity is a common scenario; Nonetheless, selecting the appropriate surgical intervention requires thorough understanding of the patients clinical symptomatology as well as radiographic parameters. Minimally invasive (MIS) decompression surgery was performed for LSS patients with DLS. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the clinical outcomes of MIS decompression surgery in LSS patients with DLS, and (2) to identify the predictive factors for both radiographic and clinical outcomes after MIS surgery. 438 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria was evidence of LSS and DLS with coronal curvature measuring greater than 10°. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, JOA recovery rate, low back pain (LBP), and radiographic features were evaluated preoperatively and at over 2 years postoperatively. Of the 438 patients, 122 were included in final analysis, with a mean follow-up of 2.4 years. The JOA recovery rate was 47.6%. LBP was significantly improved at final follow-up. Cobb angle was maintained for 2 years postoperatively (p = 0.159). Clinical outcomes in foraminal stenosis patients were significantly related to sex, preoperative high Cobb angle and progression of scoliosis (p = 0.008). In the severe scoliosis patients, the JOA recovery was 44%, and was significantly depended on progression of scoliosis (Cobb angle: preoperation 29.6°, 2-years follow-up 36.9°) and mismatch between the pelvic incidence (PI) and the lumbar lordosis (LL) (preoperative PI–LL 35.5 ± 21.2°) (p = 0.028). This study investigated clinical outcomes of MIS decompression surgery in LSS patients with DLS. The predictive risk factors of clinical outcomes were severe scoliosis, foramina stenosis, progressive scoliosis and large mismatch of PI–LL.     

双侧椎板间开窗治疗稳定型腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨双侧椎板间开窗治疗稳定型腰椎管狭窄症的方法、适应证和疗效。方法83例稳定型腰椎管狭窄症患者,均行双侧椎板间开窗治疗。结果76例平均随访1．5（0．5—6）年。疗效采用Nakai评分标准：优59例,良11例,可5例,差1例;优良率92．1％。1例因多节段双侧椎板间开窗导致医源性腰椎失稳行二次手术。结论双侧椎板间开窗法是治疗稳定型腰椎管狭窄症较理想的治疗方法。     

Prognostic factors associated with the surgical indication for lumbar spinal stenosis patients less responsive to conservative treatments: An investigator-initiated observational cohort study

Background

A few cohort studies have determined which patients with lumbar spinal stenosis are likely to need surgery because of the deterioration of symptoms. However, there are still insufficient data regarding the management of lumbar spinal stenosis due to lack of prognostic factors associated with the need for surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic factors associated with the need for surgical treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Lumbar spinal surgery improves locomotive syndrome in elderly patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis: A multicenter prospective study

BackgroundOwing to musculoskeletal dysfunction, locomotive syndrome elevates the risk of requiring nursing care. Among degenerative musculoskeletal disorders, lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) associates with locomotive syndrome; however, whether lumbar spinal surgery for LSS improves locomotive syndrome remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to identify the efficacy of lumbar spinal surgery on locomotive syndrome among elderly patients with LSS.MethodsWe prospectively collected the clinical data from multiple institutions of patients (age >65 years) who underwent lumbar spinal surgery. Patients were examined for the locomotive syndrome risk test, including the stand-up Test, the two-step Test, and the 25-question risk assessment, 1-day preoperatively and 6-month and 1-year postoperatively. Using a logistic regression model, we identified factors associated with improvement of locomotive syndrome in the total assessment.ResultsOverall, we examined the data of 166 patients in this study. Upon converting each score of three tests to the stage of locomotive syndrome, the two-step test and the 25-question risk assessment revealed marked improvement in the postoperative distribution of stages. However, the stand-up test revealed a comparable distribution of stages pre- and postoperatively. In the total assessment, the postoperative distribution of stages was significantly improved than that preoperatively. The multivariable analysis revealed that failed back surgery syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–1.05; P = 0.057)] and preoperative stage of 2 in stand-up test (OR, 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05–1.02; P = 0.054) tended to have inverse association with postoperative improvement of locomotive syndrome in the total assessment.ConclusionsLumbar spinal surgery improved the stage of locomotive syndrome among elderly patients with LSS. This study suggests that lumbar spinal surgery for LSS could be beneficial in alleviating locomotive syndrome.     

Surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis in patients over 80: is there an increased risk?

Neurosurgical Review - Management of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) represents the first cause of spinal surgery for the elderly and will increase with the aging population. Although the surgery...     

颈腰椎间盘病

目的： 探讨颈腰椎间盘病的特点和诊断。方法： 对近４ 年中的颈腰椎间盘突出症、退变性椎管狭窄和颈椎病并施行手术的１９ 例进行了分析。结果： 发现颈腰椎间盘突出症是本病的重要原因。结论： 根据临床症状、体征和影像学检查, 颈椎 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ和腰椎 Ｃ Ｔ 检查, 是防范混淆和误诊的必要条件。