闭合复位改良股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆骨折

[目的]探讨改良股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折的疗效，讨论其力学特点及手术中注意事项。[方法]作者自2002年4月-2005年3月应用闭合复位改良股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）内固定治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折81例，其中，男45例，女36例；年龄35-91岁，平均63．3岁。按Evans股骨粗隆骨折分型标准，I型5例，Ⅱ型10例，ⅢA型12例，ⅢB型21例，Ⅳ型28例，逆粗隆型5例。随访各型骨折术后并发症的发生情况、临床愈合时间及功能评分。[结果]有15例失去随访，住院期间无死亡病例，后期随访中有4例死于其他系统疾病。62例获得随访，时间12-47个月，平均28．6个月，骨折全部愈合，参照Harris髋关节功能评分标准评价术后功能，优56例，占90．3％，良2例，占3．2％，差4例，占6．5％。[结论]改良PFN治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折具有手术创伤小，固定牢固，病人可早期功能活动，并发症少等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折的理想方法。     

股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）在治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法应用PFN髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折53例,进行随访并评价其骨折愈合时间、关节功能、并发症等。结果所有患者随访6～24个月,骨折全部愈合,骨折临床愈合时间平均为12.7周。2例股骨颈部螺钉退出,无主钉或锁钉断裂,无肢体短缩或明显功能障碍。结论 PFN是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的一种理想、可靠的内固定方法,其疗效满意,并发症少。     

PFN治疗老年股骨粗隆周围骨折的临床体会

目的探讨应用股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折的疗效。方法应用PFN治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折21例。其中股骨粗隆间骨折19例,按AO分型:A1型7例,A2型10例,A3型2例;股骨粗隆下骨折2例。结果21例经4~18个月随访,平均11个月,所有患者获得骨性愈合,畸形愈合2例,无感染及主钉断裂现象。根据Harris髋关节评分,优良率90%。结论PFN治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、应力分布分散、防旋转功能,可早期功能锻炼,其并发症可通过提高手术技术避免,是固定股骨粗隆周围骨折较理想的内固定物。     

应用股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨转子周围骨折

目的 评价股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)治疗股骨转子周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 对96例股骨转子周围骨折的治疗作回顾性总结分析.所有病例均通过闭合复位完成手术,年龄40～91岁,平均66.5岁.骨折按AO分型,31-A1型31例、31-A2型42例、31-A3型23例.结果 本组病例手术时间为35～90 min,平均为50 min;术中失血量为50～200 ml,平均为80ml,术中术后均未输血.本组病例均进行了6～24个月的随访,平均8.5个月.本组病例骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间3.5个月,无髋内翻及头钉切割发生,无死亡病例.结论 对于股骨转子周围骨折,特别是不稳定型转子周围骨折,PFN具有微创操作,固定坚强,术后并发症少,系此类骨折内固定物的首选.     

PFN结合有限内固定治疗股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折

目的探讨PFN（股骨近端髓内钉）结合有限内固定在治疗股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法应用PFN及钢丝、螺钉等有限内固定治疗股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折25例,进行随访并评价其骨折愈合时间、关节功能、并发症等。结果所有患者随访5-23个月,骨折全部愈合,骨折临床愈合时间平均为11．7周,3例股骨颈部螺钉退出,无主钉或锁钉断裂,无肢体短缩或明显功能障碍。结论PFN结合有限内固定是治疗股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折的一种理想、可靠的方法。     

DHS和PFN治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

目的比较应用动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）和股骨近端髓内钉（proximal pemoral nail,PFN）治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效及其优缺点,探讨内固定方案的选择。方法对我院2008年5月至2010年10月收治的13例不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折患者分别采用DHS和PFN手术治疗,其中19例采用DHS内固定,男13例,女6例,年龄55～77岁,平均68岁;24例采用PFN内固定,男16例,女8例,年龄55～80岁,平均71岁。随访12～20个月,观察骨折愈合情况、并发症、术后功能评分、优良率。结果 DHS组2例发生髋内翻,2例出现动力螺钉退出,2例出现褥疮,1例死亡（脑血管意外）。PFN组1例螺丝松动,1例出现轻度髋内翻,1例发生下肢深静脉血栓,其余患者骨折全部愈合。随访结果显示PFN组髋内翻、动力螺钉退出的发生率比DHS组低。结论针对不稳定的股骨粗隆间骨折,两种内固定方法均可获得较好的效果,但PFN组能减少不稳定粗隆间骨折的髋内翻、动力螺钉退出等的发生率。     

可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子部骨折

目的探讨可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)治疗老年股骨转子部骨折的临床疗效。方法2004年6月～2005年10月,对34例老年股骨转子部骨折患者使用可膨胀PFN固定,骨折按Evans分型：Ⅱ型4例,ⅢA型6例,ⅢB型8例,Ⅳ型16例；其中合并股骨干骨折2例。结果所有患者获8～52周(平均25周)随访。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为8～20周,平均12周。无感染、脂肪栓塞、深静脉血栓、骨折不愈合、髋内翻及旋转畸形等并发症发生。结论可膨胀PFN治疗股骨转子部骨折具有操作简单、创伤小、符合生物学固定原则、骨折固定稳定、并发症少及患者可早期离床负重等优点,尤其适合老年患者。     

DHS和PFN治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨分析股骨粗隆间骨折两种内固定的手术疗效。方法收治股骨粗隆间骨折110例,给予DHS内固定术42例(DHS组)和PFN内固定术68例(PFN组),年龄35～89岁,平均为72.3岁。结果所有病例平均随访15.6个月(3个月～2年),DHS组骨折平均愈合时间10周(7～13周),骨折全部愈合,无骨感染发生,疗效:优28例,良8例,差6例,优良率85.7%。PFN组骨折平均愈合时间9周(7～12周),骨折全部愈合,无骨感染发生,疗效:优52例,良15例,差1例,优良率98.5%。结论PFN是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折较牢靠、有效的内固定方式,其具有生物学固定、手术创伤小、操作简单、固定牢靠、抗旋转性强、骨折术后并发症少的特点。     

微创技术置入内锁股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的前瞻性研究

目的比较采用微创技术(MIS)置入内锁股骨近端髓内钉(ITST)与普通股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性研究,将2007年1月～2008年1月收治的62例股骨粗隆间骨折患者随机分为微创ITST组和普通PFN组。其中微创ITST组在完成复位后经特殊器械导引置入ITST,普通组患者按常规方法置入PFN固定。记录两组的手术时间、术中失血量、切口长度、术后输血例数和骨折愈合时间并进行比较。结果1例患者死亡,4例失访。微创ITST组平均手术时间、失血量、切口长度及输血例数均明显低于普通PFN组,差异有显著性意义(P0.01),两组患者骨折临床愈合时间和平均住院时间无显著差异(P0.05)。两组所有骨折均愈合,无延迟愈合与不愈合。结论与普通PFN相比,微创置入ITST治疗股骨粗隆间骨折创伤小、失血量少、早期临床疗效更令人满意。     

三种方法治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的通过比较目前治疗股骨转子间骨折常用的三种内固定系统：动力髋螺钉（DHS）,动力髁螺钉（DCS）和股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）的临床疗效,评价三者在治疗股骨转子间骨折的优劣。方法对93例股骨转子间骨折,根据Evans分型,结合患者的年龄、骨折粉碎程度及骨折线的位置,分别选用DHS治疗58例,DCS治疗15例,PFN治疗20例。结果所有患者均获随访,时间为7～36个月,平均18个月,全部骨性愈合。根据Parker髋部骨折疗效标准：优63例,良22例,可8例,总优良率91．4％。结论DHS、DCS适用于稳定的I型、Ⅱ型及部分Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折,DCS更适于股骨粗隆下或逆粗隆骨折,而PFN适用于股骨转子间各种类型骨折,而对Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型不稳定型骨折优势明显。     

股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

Anterograde femoral nail for the treatment of femoral metastases

Introduction  Intramedullary nailing is a common technique for the treatment of impending and pathological fractures of the femur due to bone metastases when diaphysis or metadiaphysis is involved. Reconstructive nailing is currently used in the treatment of subtrochanteric involvements for reducing the risk of fracture above the nail. The aim of this study is to assess the results of a consecutive series of 13 impending or complete femoral fractures due to metastastic localization treated with anterograde femoral nail (Synthes). Patients and methods  Thirteen cases of femoral metastases in patients afflicted by multiple bone localization were considered in this series. Indications were femoral fracture or prophilactic stabilization in the case of osteolysis with a fracture risk defined according to Mirels’ criteria. Titanium anterograde femoral nail was used in all the cases. The proximal part was 17 mm in diameter in all the cases; nail diameter ranged from 10 to 12 mm, and nail was distally locked with two screws inserted in a static mode. Biopsy for confirming the diagnosis was routinely performed. Nail was locked with two distal screws inserted in a static mode and two proximal full screws with recon mode. Discussion  The improvement of the quality of life, with no mechanical problems (screw breakage or implant failure), was observed in this series. Two patients died within 6 months after operation; the others were alive at the time of follow-up (maximum follow-up of 16 months). Results  Results confirmed that intramedullary reconstructive-locked nailing is the treatment of choice in plurimetastatic patients afflicted by impending/or complete femoral fracture. These results suggest that reconstructive nailing using an AFN may be considered a useful strategy for the treatment of diaphyseal and metaphyseal femoral metastatic lesions.     

股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死

简要叙述股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的早期诊断和坏死预测等的最新进展。为使骨折后骨坏死尽量减少，早期手术和关节穿刺减压，避免髋关节放置在伸直及内旋位是必要的，建议屈曲位牵引。应用Gd-DTPA增强MRI T1脂肪浸润扫描，可预测股骨头坏死的可能性。建议将股骨头坏死分为静息型骨坏死和临床型骨坏死．     

Proximal femoral nail for treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of 87 consecutive patients treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN) for trochanteric femoral fractures. METHODS: 17 men and 70 women aged 58 to 95 (mean, 85) years with trochanteric femoral fractures underwent PFN fixation using an intramedullary nail, a lag screw, and a hip pin. Fractures were classified according to the AO system; the most common fracture type was A2 (n=45), followed by A1 (n=36) and A3 (n=6). The position of the lag screw within the femoral head was measured. The lateral slide of the lag screw after fracture consolidation was measured by comparing the immediate postoperative and final anteroposterior radiographs. RESULTS: 90% of lag screws were placed in an optimal position. The length of lateral slide of the lag screw in stable A1 fractures was significantly less than that in unstable A2 fractures; it was over 10 mm in 7 of 45 patients with A2 fractures. Cut-out of lag screw did not occur, suggesting that free sliding of the lag screw facilitates direct impaction between fragments. CONCLUSION: A PFN is useful for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures.     

股骨质量对人工股骨头置换术后股骨应力改变的生物力学影响

目的 探讨股骨质量对人工股骨头置换术后股骨应力改变的影响。方法 对１０具尸体２０侧股骨标本分别行非骨水泥有肩托（ｎｏｎ－ｃｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｃｏｌｌａｒｅｄ,ＮＣＣ）、非骨水泥无肩托（ｎｏｎ－ｃｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｎｏｎ－ｃｏｌｌａｒｅｄ,ＮＣＮＣ）、骨水泥有肩托（ｃｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｃｏｌｌａｒｅｄ,ＣＣ）、骨水泥无肩托（ｃｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｎｏｎ－ｃｏｌｌａｒｅｄ,ＣＮＣ）假体置换。在生物力学试验机上行     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉和股骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)和股骨近端锁定钢板(PFLP)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法将120例老年股骨转子间骨折患者按照治疗方法分为两组(各60例),分别应用PFNA、PFLP治疗,对两组手术疗效进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~18个月。PFNA组的切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症发生率均少于PFLP组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);骨折愈合时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PFNA组患侧髋关节功能优良率虽高于PFLP组(95.0%vs 81.7%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗老年股骨转子间骨折具有创伤小、操作简单、手术时间短、骨折端固定牢固、愈合良好等优点。     

Distal femoral allograft for massive proximal femoral deficiency

Background?Although indomethacin is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty, side effects are frequently observed. In the last decade a new class of drugs—the COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—has been developed. To investigate the effect of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs on heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), we conducted a randomized controlled trial using either indomethacin or rofecoxib for 7 days.

Methods?186 patients received either indomethacin 3 times daily, or rofecoxib twice, and 1 placebo, daily for 7 days. HO was graded according to the 1-year postoperative radiographs according to the Brooker classification.

Results?12 of the 186 patients included discontinued their medication before the end of the trial due to side effects. The remaining 174 patients were included in the analysis. In the indomethacin group (n = 89), 77 patients (87%) showed no HO, 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification. In the rofecoxib group (n = 85) 73 patients (86%) showed no ossification, 9 showed grade 1, and 3 showed grade 2.

Interpretation?The prophylactic effect of rofecoxib for 7 days in preventing heteropic ossification after primary total hip arthroplasty is comparable to the effect of indomethacin given for 7 days. These results indicate that the development of HO follows a COX-2 pathway.     

股骨近段钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨股骨近段钉（PFN）治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对56例股骨转子间骨折患者采用PFN进行固定，对各患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能、并发症进行记录分析，评价其临床疗效。结果手术时间平均66min，术中出血平均370ml。所有患者获随访，时间5～20个月。骨折平均愈合时间为12．6周；2例发生异位骨化并发症。参照Sanders髋功能评分标准：优42例，良10例，中4例，优良率达93.5％。结论PFN是治疗股骨转子间骨折的有效方法。