不同年龄组上颌埋伏阻生尖牙正畸牵引的疗效比较

目的:比较成人与青少年上颌埋伏阻生尖牙患者,采用正畸牵引治疗的成功率及其治疗所需时间的差异。方法:选择17例成人和17例青少年患者各21颗上颌埋伏阻生尖牙,2组上颌埋伏阻生尖牙在三维CT片上的位置、三维方向和埋伏阻生程度均相似。对2组正畸牵引治疗的成功率及其治疗所需时间进行比较,分别采用χ2检验和配对t检验进行统计学处理。结果:成人组正畸牵引治疗的成功率为85.71%,青少年组为100%,两者存在显著的差异(P<0.01)。正畸牵引治疗所需时间,成人组长于青少年组,有显著差异(P<0.001)。结论:正畸加开窗牵引上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的成功率,成人组显著低于青少年组,且正畸牵引治疗所需时间也显著长于青少年组。     

上颌腭侧阻生尖牙非手术与手术助萌的比较研究

目的探讨上颌腭侧阻生尖牙通过正畸开辟间隙等非手术助萌的适应证、矫治时间及其临床效果。方法选取9例患者的12颗上颌腭侧阻生尖牙为研究对象,通过曲面全景及头颅侧位片判断阻生尖牙在颌骨内的位置、牙齿的发育阶段及患者骨成熟阶段,通过正畸治疗配合头帽口外弓为阻生尖牙开辟间隙,定期拍摄曲面全景片观察阻生尖牙的萌出潜力。结果 7颗阻生尖牙自动萌出,3颗阻生尖牙采取外科开窗联合正畸牵引治疗,2颗阻生尖牙选择外科拔除。结论正畸开辟间隙后阻生尖牙成功萌出的主要因素可以概括为:萌出路径无干扰、骨成熟早期,根尖孔未闭合,而骨发育阶段比牙发育阶段更有指导意义。     

上颌阻生尖牙牵引治疗后邻近切牙牙根吸收情况的研究

目的 分析上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后邻近切牙的牙根吸收情况及可能的相关因素。方法 选取上颌尖牙阻生且符合标准的43例患者,年龄10~23岁,共60颗上颌埋伏阻生尖牙。上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗前后分别拍摄锥形束CT,分析阻生尖牙邻近切牙的牙根吸收程度,并对可能存在的相关因素进行分析。结果 上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后,上颌中切牙发生轻、中、重度牙根吸收的概率分别为71.7%、15.0%、13.3%,上颌侧切牙发生轻、中、重度牙根吸收的概率分别为48.3%、36.7%、15.0%,上颌中切牙与侧切牙牙根吸收严重程度存在差异(P＜0.05)。位于腭侧及颌骨内、低位且靠近面中线的阻生尖牙,在正畸牵引治疗后,侧切牙牙根吸收程度较重(P＜0.05)。低位阻生尖牙牵引治疗后,中切牙牙根吸收较重(P＜0.05)。牵引时间较长时,中切牙牙根吸收程度较重(P＜0.05)。治疗前已发生牙根吸收的切牙,在阻生尖牙牵引治疗后发生的牙根吸收程度较重(P＜0.05)。结论 上颌侧切牙在阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后,发生的牙根吸收程度较重。上颌阻生尖牙正畸牵引治疗后,邻近切牙牙根吸收情况与阻生尖牙所处的位置、牵引治疗时间以及治疗前是否发生牙根吸收有关。     

泸州地区青少年尖牙阻生的X线分析

目的：通过X线全景片分析泸州地区青少年的尖牙阻生情况。方法：选取2011年1月。2012年12月在泸州医学院附属口腔医院接受x线检查的1800例12—14岁青少年的X线全景片,统计分析阻生尖牙所占比例以及患者的性别、尖牙阻生部位和阻生类型的差异。结果：尖牙阻生在所有患者中所占比例为3．72％（67／1800）,男性：女性为1：1．79;上颌尖牙阻生占3．33％（60／1800）,下颌尖牙阻生占0．33％（6／1800）,上下颌尖牙同时阻生1例;近中向阻生在阻生尖牙中占92％（69／75）,迁徙尖牙占0．22％（4／1800）。结论：本组患者尖牙阻生以女性、单侧上颌尖牙阻生多见,且以近中向阻生为主。     

上颌尖牙阻生的诊断和早期干预

上颌尖牙阻生是正畸医生经常碰到的问题之一,其处理方法通常包括外科开窗和较复杂的正畸治疗.上颌尖牙阻生可以通过观测X线片中尖牙近远中向位置的异常进行早期预测,早期的临床干预手段则包括拔除乳尖牙、拔除乳尖牙联合应用口外弓颈牵引、快速上颌扩弓,本文就这2方面内容作一综述.     

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目的：探讨阻生上颌尖牙合适的临床处理策略,为其合理治疗提供依据。方法回顾2000-2012年期间在大连市口腔医院正畸科接受治疗的35例阻生上颌尖牙病例的临床资料,总结分析尖牙阻生状况及相应的治疗措施和疗效。临床处理方法包括拔除、助萌和导萌。结果拔除2例;只做正畸治疗的助萌法16例,留出足够间隙后等待阻生尖牙自行萌出,观察时间5～24个月,均取得良好治疗效果,矫治后阻生尖牙牙龈形态及牙根状况良好;正畸附加外科手术牵引的导萌法17例,除1例21岁男性患者外,其余16例均牵引到位,但矫治后部分阻生尖牙牙龈形态不如助萌法矫治后。结论当阻生上颌尖牙牙体严重畸形、根弯曲短小及高位近远中向横位阻生时考虑拔除;阻生上颌尖牙近远中向错位不严重,扩弓或减数拔牙即可为阻生尖牙留出足够萌出间隙,判断其能自然萌出时首选助萌法;阻生上颌尖牙近远中向错位严重或阻生尖牙已伤及邻牙牙根、仅用正畸治疗无法去除阻生尖牙萌出障碍时采用导萌法,导萌术后的牵引需注意控制牵引方向及大小,要避免伤及邻牙牙根,尽量使阻生牙从附着龈萌出,有利于形成良好的牙龈形态。     

ESPI在埋伏牙正畸牵引周围组织变形测量中的应用初探

目的：探索应用光测力学实验研究正畸牵引过程中埋伏牙移动机制的方法。方法：采用电子散斑干涉测量方法（e—lectronic speckle pattern interferometry,ESPI）分析上颌埋伏阻生尖牙周围组织在不同正畸牵引过程中的变形分布。结果：埋伏阻生牙受弹簧牵拉时其根部周围组织表现为应力集中,且受牵拉一侧的应力集中更为明显。结论：利用ESPI能够获取埋伏阻生尖牙受力后的周围组织应变分布,从而为正确诊断、定位和治疗上颌埋伏阻生尖牙提供一定的实验依据。     

上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的临床分析

目的对上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的患病特点及治疗结果进行分析,以期为临床治疗上颌尖牙埋伏阻生提供参考数据。方法在北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科门诊2001年1月至2005年1月期间诊治的10505例错(牙合)畸形患者中,经CT检查选出上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者215例(汉族),共有埋伏阻生尖牙248颗。统计上颌尖牙埋伏阻生在正畸患者中所占比例,χ~2检验分别比较患者性别、唇腭侧阻生以及相应治疗情况的差异。结果上颌尖牙埋伏阻生在正畸门诊患者中约占2．05%,女性：男性为1．8∶1,唇侧：腭侧为2．1∶1。“外科手术暴露+正畸牵引”的方式在治疗中占主导地位。“外科手术拔除”的治疗方式在腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙中的应用多于唇侧,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论本组患者上颌尖牙埋伏阻生以女性、唇侧多见,临床对唇腭侧尖牙埋伏阻生的治疗存在一定差异。     

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目的比较手术—正畸联合治疗唇侧和腭侧上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的临床疗效。方法对广东省深圳市宝安区人民医院口腔正畸门诊2004—2009年收治的60例埋伏阻生尖牙患者(均为单颗埋伏阻生尖牙患者,共60颗牙),根据全口曲面断层片和X线定位片分为唇侧组和腭侧组各30颗牙,通过手术开窗去除阻力骨、暴露部分牙冠、黏结正畸附件,在固定矫正技术的牵引下将埋伏阻生的尖牙纳入正常牙弓内。对比两组治疗的成功率和治疗所需的时间。结果治疗成功率唇侧组为80.0%,腭侧组为96.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后正畸牵引的时间腭侧组为(9.2±3.2)个月,而唇侧组为(15.1±4.1)个月,明显长于腭侧组,两组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论经手术开窗正畸牵引,上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的成功率腭侧组大于唇侧组,牵引到位的时间腭侧组也较唇侧组短。     

111颗阻生尖牙X线片分析

尖牙是人类牙根最长、最坚固的牙齿,它的位置与美学及功能息息相关。尖牙阻生是临床常见现象,它的矫治在临床正畸中占有很重要的地位。本文对2003年3月~2004年7月华西口腔医院放射科X线检查中发现的阻生尖牙病例进行总结分析,以对临床治疗提供帮助。1材料和方法以2003年3月~2004年7月在华西口腔医院正畸治疗前进行曲面断层片检查的83例尖牙阻生患者的111颗阻生尖牙为研究对象,对阻生尖牙的部位、类型、原因等进行分析。2结果83例患者中,单侧下颌尖牙阻生的有9例,单侧上颌尖牙阻生的有46例,双侧上颌尖牙阻生的有25例,上下颌尖牙同时阻生的有…     

Orthodontic and periodontal outcomes of treated impacted maxillary canines

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of pretreatment radiographic features (alpha-angle, d-distance, and s-sector) on (1) the duration of active orthodontic traction and (2) the posttreatment periodontal status (pocket depth [PD] and keratinized tissue width [KT]) of impacted maxillary canines treated by a combined surgical (flap approach) and orthodontic (direct traction to the center of the ridge) treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study population of 168 patients (168 canines) was evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Pretreatment radiographic variables were associated significantly with the duration of orthodontic traction. Age, sex, and site of impaction did not significantly affect the duration of traction. No significant differences in PD and KT were present at the end of surgical-orthodontic treatment with respect to any of the variables considered. The analysis of PD and KT variables after orthodontic treatment revealed a healthy periodontium. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-angle, d-distance, and s-sector are valid indicators for the duration of orthodontic traction. They are not prognostic indicators of final periodontal status of orthodontically-repositioned canines.     

Pre-treatment radiographic features for the periodontal prognosis of treated impacted canines

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre-treatment radiographic features on the post-treatment periodontal status of intra-osseous impacted maxillary canines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study population of 168 patients (211 canines) was evaluated at the end of the overall surgical-orthodontic treatment consisting of a combined surgical (flap) and orthodontic (direct traction to the centre of the ridge) approach. The pre-treatment variables on the panoramic radiograph were alpha-angle, d-distance and s-sector while the post-treatment periodontal variables were pocket depth (PD) and keratinized tissue width (KT). Multilevel statistical analysis was used to evaluate the role of the pre-treatment radiographic factors on the post-treatment periodontal variables at patient, tooth and site levels. RESULTS: No significant differences in PD or KT were found at the end of surgical-orthodontic treatment with respect to age, gender, site of impaction or pre-treatment radiographic position of the impacted canine. The only statistically, but not clinically, significant difference (about 0.5 mm) was found for the KT that was greater for the palatally impacted canines than for the buccally impacted ones. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-angle, d-distance and s-sector measured on the pre-treatment panoramic radiographs did not represent prognostic indicators of final periodontal status of orthodontically re-positioned canines.     

Root apex localization of palatally displaced canines

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the positions of the root apices of palatally impacted canines with cone beam computed tomography. While it is true that the position of the crown determines the surgical approach and direction of traction, the location of the apex also plays an important role in orthodontic mechanics. Methods: Twenty-seven unilateral palatally impacted canines were evaluated on cone beam images. Measurements were taken using Osirix(?) software, in order to compare the location of the apex of the palatally impacted canine with the apex of the contro-lateral normally erupted canine. Results: The root apex of a palatally impacted canine was usually correctly positioned in the line of the arch. Conclusion: In most cases, the orthodontic management of palatally impacted canines requires little or no root torquing.     

面部软组织参考线用于正畸患者侧貌评价的初步研究

目的 探讨面部软组织参考线用于正畸患者侧貌评价的科学性.方法 研究纳入80例骨性Ⅰ类的正畸治疗后患者,其中女性60例,男性20例.收集治疗后侧貌相,由10位经验丰富的正畸医师进行VAS主观评分.同时收集治疗后头颅侧位片进行软组织及上中切牙相关头影测量分析.并进行前额部重叠,测量上中切牙与前额前界线(forehead's anterior limit line,FALL) (FA-FALL),目标前界线(goal anterior limit line,GALL) (FA-GALL)的距离.使用Pearson相关分析探讨各上中切牙测量指标与主观评分及客观软组织测量指标之间的相关性.结果 上中切牙测量指标中,FA-FALL与总VAS评分及面部各部分VAS评分均负相关;U1-APo角与总VAS评分,上下唇和颏部VAS评分负相关.此外,FA-FALL与前额倾斜度强相关(P<0.001),与H角中度相关(P<0.001),与鼻唇角(NLA),上唇至E线距离(UL-E)以及颏唇角(MLA)弱相关(P=0.004,P=0.002,P=0.048).FA-GALL除与鼻额角(FNA)弱相关(P=0.025)外,与其他软组织测量指标均无显著相关性.结论 上颌中切牙至面部软组织参考线FALL线的距离作为正畸患者的侧貌评价指标具有一定的科学性.     

正畸牵引治疗埋伏倒置阻生的上中切牙的受力分析

目的:通过对无萌出能力的埋伏倒置阻生上中切牙正畸牵引治疗的受力分析,探讨倒置阻生上中切牙正畸牵引治疗的最佳方法.方法:对19颗无萌出能力上颌埋伏倒置阻生牙作牵引治疗前的受力分析,进行摄片定位、拓展间隙后.行外科开窗术 正畸牵引治疗.结果:19颗埋伏牙中,治疗成功13颗(占68.4%),一般4颗(占21.1%),失败2颗(占10.5%);19颗埋伏牙平均破龈时间为6.5个月,最长12个月,最短3个月;19颗埋伏牙牙髓活力测验全部正常,未见根吸收、黏连.2颗唇侧出现2mm和3mm的牙龈退缩,1颗出现1mm的边缘骨丧失,1颗未能完全进入相应的牙位,需以后配合光固化或烤瓷再度修复.1例因牙根严重弯曲,不能进入相应的牙位,被迫拔除,1例牵引3个月后萌出,因无时间复诊而放弃治疗,未排齐,其余均牵引入列.结论:准确的定位、恰当的牵引方向和位置、适当的牵引力将直接决定埋伏倒置阻生牙的移动状况.     

CBCT用于测量GALL线的可重复性研究

目的 结合锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)影像和Dolphin软件转化头颅侧位片,研究Andrews要素Ⅱ目标前界线(goal anterior limit line,GALL)的可重复性.方法 选取57例患者CBCT影像导人Dolphin软件转化头颅侧位片,根据Andrews要素Ⅱ进行定点测量,得出临床前额平面与FALL线(forehead's anterior limit line)所成的角度及上颌中切牙FA(facialaxis point)点至GALL线的距离.由3名经软件测量培训的专业正畸医生执行.操作者分别测量2次,间隔1周.采用组内相关系数(ICC)检验同一操作者测量可重复性,以及不同操作者对同一指标测量结果的一致性.结果 同一操作者测量上颌中切牙FA点与GALL线距离(a)及临床前额平面与FALL线所成的角度(b),ICC检验结果表明每一位操作者对该测量方法的掌握度和可重复性好.不同操作者之间采用该测量方法测量a和b,ICC分别为0.965和0.912表明可靠性高且一致性好.结论 Andrews要素Ⅱ的GALL线测量,运用CBCT影像结合Dolphin软件转化头颅侧位片及相应的测量设计方法具有较好的一致性和可重复性,可应用于临床正畸.     

外科导萌和正畸联合矫治上颌埋伏弯曲牙的疗效评价

目的:通过对无萌出能力的上颌埋伏弯曲牙的临床治疗分析,探讨弯曲牙正畸牵引治疗的效果。方法:对24例26颗无萌出能力的上颌埋伏弯曲牙进行摄片定位,拓展间隙后行外科开窗术 正畸牵引治疗。结果:24例埋伏牙中,成功17颗,占65.4%;效果一般6颗,占23.1%;失败3颗,占11.5%;24例埋伏牙平均破龈时间为7.5个月,最长13个月,最短3个月;26颗埋伏牙牙髓活力测验全部正常,未见根吸收、黏连。3颗唇侧出现2～4mm的牙龈退缩;2颗分别出现1.0mm和2.5mm的边缘骨丧失;1颗未能完全进入相应牙位,需以后配合光固化或烤瓷再度修复。3例不能进入相应的牙位,其中2例被迫拔除,其余均牵引入列。结论:选择良好的适应证、准确的定位、足够的间隙、适当的牵引力、支抗和有效控制炎症,循序渐进是治疗埋伏弯曲牙成功的关键。     

Measurement of ridge alterations following tooth removal: a radiographic study in humans

Objective: The aim of this study was a radiographic mesiodistal analysis of the shape of the bone crest 3 months after tooth removal. Material and methods: One hundred single tooth extractions were performed on 100 patients because of orthodontic or prosthetic causes. Bite blocks were used for two radiographs: one on the day of extraction and the other after healing of the socket, 3 months later. These X‐rays were used to determine: (1) the most apical distance of alveolar ridge resorption, with baseline as the line between bone‐to‐teeth contact (the greatest distance in bone resorption height) and (2) the mesiodistal distance (MDD) and mesial and distal angles arising after bone tissue modeling. Results: Significant differences (P<0.05) emerged between the MDDs of multiple‐ [8 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.09, 9.90] and single‐root teeth (5.60 mm, 95% CI: 4.80, 6.50). However, mesial or distal angles or the most apical distance of alveolar ridge resorption did not differ (mean distance in height=4.32 mm, 95% CI: 3.85, 4.78; mean angle=24°). Conclusions: In this study, the post‐extraction mesiodistal bone distance between teeth adjacent to the edentulous ridge depends on the size of the edentulous space. Nevertheless, the distance does not affect the distance in bone loss height. The distance of bone resorption height reaches a balance at the midpoint, which we consider indicative of stable healing. This resorption process must be considered when placing dental implants in fresh extraction sockets, especially in aesthetic sites, because the implant surfaces could be exposed after 3 months. To cite this article:
Moya‐Villaescusa MJ, Sánchez‐Pérez A. Measurement of ridge alterations following tooth removal: a radiographic study in humans.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 237–242.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01831.x     

Evaluation of maxillary central incisors on the noncleft and cleft sides in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate—Part 2: Relationship between root resorption,horizontal tooth movement,and quantity of grafted autogenous bone

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between external apical root resorption (EARR) of the maxillary central incisors (U1), horizontal orthodontic tooth movement, and quantity of grafted bone in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) over an average duration of 8 years.Materials and Methods:Thirty subjects with UCLP were evaluated for EARR of U1 after edgewise treatment (T2). The teeth were classified as having no EARR, moderate EARR (combined into “no/moderate” EARR), or severe EARR. Frontal cephalometric radiographs acquired at eruption of U1 (T0), less than 6 months before secondary alveolar bone grafting (T1), and T2 were evaluated to determine the horizontal inclination (U1-axis angle) and distance of the root apex from the median line (U1-root–VL distance). On the cleft side, the quantities of grafted bone at less than 12 months postsecondary bone grafting and at T2 were evaluated using the alveolar bone graft (ABG) scale.Results:Cleft-adjacent teeth exhibited more severe EARR than did teeth on the noncleft side. The cleft side exhibited greater changes in U1-axis angle and U1-root–VL distance between T0 and T2 than did the noncleft side. On the cleft side, the ABG score at T2 in the severe EARR group was significantly lower than that in the no/moderate EARR group. These measurements were correlated with EARR grade.Conclusions:Cleft-adjacent U1 exhibited more severe EARR than did the U1 on the noncleft side, which might be associated with orthodontic treatment-induced changes in horizontal inclination and root apex movement. On the cleft side, severity of EARR may be correlated with the success of ABG.