骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折PKP术后椎体再骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折（osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture,OVCFs）行经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）后再骨折的相关因素。 方法 回顾性分析了2014年1月—2015年12月行经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者133例（174个椎体）。根据有无椎体新发骨折,分为再骨折组与对照组。随访时间12-18个月,平均15.5个月,统计并分析了患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、体质指数、骨密度、受伤椎体个数、骨水泥用量、注入骨水泥的方式、骨水泥是否椎间盘渗透、是否再次骨折、术后伤椎前缘恢比率及术后Cobb恢复比率等因素,并对上述因素进行统计学分析。 结果 术后再发骨折患者有28例,发生率为21%。再骨折组与对照组比较,年龄、术前骨密度、骨水泥向椎间盘渗漏、术后Cobb角度纠正程度及椎体前缘高度恢复程度在单因素分析中差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析示术前骨密度与再骨折有显著相关性（P＜0.05）。 结论 术前骨密度、年龄、骨水泥向椎间盘渗漏、椎体高度的恢复比率及Cobb角的纠正比率是PKP术后出现其临近椎体再骨折的相关因素,但术前骨密度是其独立危险因素。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术后继发邻近椎体骨折的危险因素分析

目的评估椎体后凸成形术(PKP)后继发邻近椎体骨折的相关危险因素。方法对103例因骨质疏松致椎体压缩骨折行单或多节段PKP治疗的患者进行回顾性研究,对患者性别、年龄、体重指数、骨密度、伤椎压缩程度、有无侧凸畸形,伤椎前缘恢复程度、骨水泥注入量、手术入路(单侧、双侧)、骨水泥渗漏(椎间盘)等资料进行统计学分析。结果 103例均获得随访,时间6~15(9.6±2.8)个月。27例患者继发邻近椎体骨折,再骨折率为26.2%。将各因素输入Logistic回归"向前Wald"的分析模型,结果显示骨密度、骨水泥量、体重指数及伤椎前缘恢复程度是术后继发邻近椎体骨折的相关危险因素。结论骨水泥量过大、低体重指数、伤椎前缘高度过度恢复、低骨密度是PKP术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的危险因素。     

经皮椎体成形术后非手术椎体骨折的相关危险因素

【摘要】 目的：探讨骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折（OVCFs）经皮椎体成形术（PVP）后非手术椎体骨折的相关危险因素。方法：对2010年3月～2013年3月收治的76例因OVCFs行PVP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括患者的一般情况、个人史及既往病史、腰椎骨密度、术中骨水泥注入量、病椎压缩程度、骨折椎体个数及节段、骨水泥椎间盘渗漏情况、术后抗骨质疏松治疗情况;收集患者术后第1、3、6、12、18个月来院复诊时测定的骨代谢相关生化指标数据,包括：血钙、磷、降钙素、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽、甲状旁腺激素、25-羟维生素D[25-（OH）D]。将上述指标作为可能相关因素纳入单因素研究,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析得出术后非手术椎体骨折的相关危险因素。结果：76例原发性OVCFs患者共89节椎体骨折,术后共17例患者19个椎体出现压缩性骨折,单因素分析显示术中骨水泥注入量、骨水泥椎间盘渗漏、术后有无抗骨质疏松治疗、血25-（OH）D水平与术后非手术椎体骨折存在显著相关性（P<0．05）,而与患者性别、年龄、体重指数、骨密度值、病椎压缩程度、手术入路等无显著相关性（P>0．05）。多因素分析结果显示骨水泥椎间盘渗漏、术后未进行抗骨质疏松治疗、25-（OH）D水平较低是PVP术后非手术椎体骨折的危险因素（P<0．05）。结论：OCVFs患者PVP术后发生非手术椎体骨折与骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘、术后未抗骨质疏松治疗及低25-（OH）D水平有关。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折后非手术椎体骨折的原因分析

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)行经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)后非手术椎体骨折的相关影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月于深圳市第二人民医院行PKP治疗OVCF的133例(174椎)病人的临床资料,根据有无椎体新发骨折,分为再骨折组与对照组.随访时间为12~18个月,平均为(15.48±2.28)个月,统计分析病人的性别、年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰椎骨密度、受伤椎体个数、骨水泥用量、手术入路、骨水泥是否渗透至椎间盘、术后伤椎前缘高度恢复率以及Cobb角恢复率等因素.结果 术后28例(21.05%,28/133)病人再发骨折,再骨折组的平均年龄为(76.32±7.59)岁,5例发生骨水泥渗透至椎间盘(17.86%,5/28),腰椎骨密度T值为(-3.60±0.79)SD,椎体前缘高度恢复率为(50.39±1.87)%,Cobb角恢复率为(53.07±3.91)%,以上指标与未再发骨折的病人比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).对以上指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示仅骨密度与再骨折的发生存在显著相关性(P=0.031).结论 骨密度、年龄、骨水泥向椎间盘渗漏、椎体前缘高度恢复率及Cobb角恢复率是PKP术后出现非手术椎体骨折的相关因素,但术前骨密度是其独立危险因素.     

老年椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率及相关危险因素分析

[目的]探讨老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率及相关危险因素。[方法]回顾性分析本院2010年1月~2014年12月收治的经皮椎体成形术治疗的341例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者病例。统计术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率,并依据骨折情况将患者分成骨折组(59例)和未骨折组(282例)。制作相关危险因素调查表,统计两组相关危险因素情况,并采用单因素和Logistic回归分析对危险因素进行分析。[结果]随访1~2年,59例(17.3%)患者相邻椎体发生骨折。单因素和Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、骨折病史、骨密度、伤椎数、骨折程度、骨水泥渗漏是患者术后邻近椎体发生骨折的危险因素。[结论]老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体易发生骨折,而年龄、骨折病史、骨密度、伤椎数、骨水泥渗漏是发生邻近椎体骨折的危险因素。     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折PVP术后相邻椎体骨折的相关因素分析

目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCFs)患者行经皮椎体成形术(PVP)后相邻椎体骨折的相关因素。方法:对2004年3月～2008年6月112例行单节段PVP治疗的OVCFs患者进行回顾性分析。记录患者的年龄、性别、病程、有无外伤、术前椎体压缩程度、骨密度、手术入路(单侧或双侧)、麻醉方式、有无侧凸畸形、骨水泥剂量、骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘等情况。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析研究各因素与PVP术后发生相邻椎体骨折的关系。结果:112例患者中有21例患者术后发生相邻椎体骨折共23个椎体,发生率为18.8%。单因素分析结果显示患者术前椎体压缩程度、骨密度、骨水泥剂量、骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘与术后发生相邻椎体骨折有显著相关性(P0.05),而患者年龄、性别、病程、有无外伤、手术入路、麻醉方式、有无侧凸畸形与术后相邻椎体骨折无显著相关性(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示患者术前椎体压缩程度较重、骨水泥注射量较大及骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘与术后发生相邻椎体骨折相关(P0.05)。结论:OVCFs患者PVP术后相邻椎体骨折可能与术前椎体压缩程度、骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘、骨水泥注射量等因素相关。     

椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折的治疗

[目的]探讨椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折行椎体成形术的治疗方案。[方法]2008年11月~2014年6月采用经皮椎体成形术、抗骨质疏松及康复功能锻炼治疗经皮椎体强化术术后椎体再骨折22例。记录并分析伤椎高度压缩率、伤椎后凸Cobb角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评价及再骨折发生率。[结果]术后随访15~49个月,平均(17.3±6.2)个月。所有患者骨水泥注射过程顺利。术后CT扫描显示5例出现骨水泥渗漏,渗漏发生率为22.73%,其中椎管内渗漏1例,椎间隙渗漏2例,椎间盘渗漏1例,针道渗漏1例。均无明显症状,未行特殊处理。1例邻近椎体骨折,发生率为4.55%。患者术后伤椎高度压缩率、伤椎后凸Cobb角、VAS及ODI评价较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]经皮椎体成形术、抗骨质疏松及康复功能锻炼是治疗椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折的有效方法,止痛效果好,并且能够改善椎体形态,减少邻近椎体再骨折的发生率。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术后继发相邻节段椎体骨折的危险因素分析

目的分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折球囊扩张椎体后凸成形(PKP)术后继发相邻节段椎体骨折的危险因素。方法选取2006-03—2013-07在本院行PKP治疗并获得1年以上随访,且自愿参与课题的135例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者作为研究对象。根据随访结果有无出现继发相邻节段椎体新鲜骨折,将研究对象分为骨折组(28例)和对照组(107例)。观察记录2组性别、年龄、BMI指数、骨密度、术前伤椎个数、手术前后Cobb角,以及骨水泥量、骨水泥注射方法(单或双侧注射)、有无骨水泥渗漏、伤椎前缘高度恢复程度。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现低BMI指数、低骨密度、伤椎个数多、骨水泥发生渗漏是引起PKP术后继发相邻节段椎体再骨折的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中低骨密度和骨水泥渗漏是最主要的危险因素。结论低骨密度和骨水泥渗漏是引起骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折PKP术后继发相邻节段椎体骨折的主要危险因素,完善术前准备和坚持抗骨质疏松治疗是主要预防措施。     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折椎体强化术后发生邻近椎体骨折的危险因素分析

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)病人椎体强化术治疗后发生邻近椎体骨折的高危因素.方法 回顾性研究2012年3月至2014年8月苏北人民医院骨科收治的OVCF病人200例(263椎),收集病人的年龄、性别、椎体高度恢复、Cobb角、脊柱侧凸畸形、骨折病史、骨水泥量、骨水泥渗漏、骨密度等资料,应用单因素分析观察每种因素与椎体再骨折发生的相关性,筛查出可疑的相关因素,然后采用多因素Logistic回归分析得出影响椎体强化术后发生邻近椎体骨折的高危因素.结果 所有病人均获2年以上随访,平均随访时间为2.5年.共35例(45椎)发生再骨折,再骨折率为17.5%.单因素统计分析发现对椎体成形术后邻近节段再发骨折有影响的变量有:年龄、椎体高度恢复、Cobb角恢复、脊柱侧凸畸形、骨折病史、骨水泥渗漏、骨密度.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR:1.08,95%CI:1.04~1.13)、椎体高度恢复(OR:1.06,95%CI:1.01~1.11)、Cobb角(OR:4.03,95%CI:1.21~13.40)、脊柱侧凸畸形(OR:2.56,95%CI:1.12~5.85)和发生骨水泥渗漏(OR:6.25,95%CI:0.04~0.73)是发生再骨折的危险因素,而骨密度(OR:0.37,95%CI:0.22~0.65)是发生再骨折的保护因素.结论 年龄越大、椎体高度恢复越高、Cobb角越大、骨密度越低、有脊柱侧凸畸形和骨水泥渗漏的病人更容易发生术后邻近椎体再骨折.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术后继发椎体再骨折的相关因素分析

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折（OVCF）采用经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗后继发椎体再骨折的相关因素,为预防术后椎体再骨折提供参考依据和理论指导。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月—2020年3月在内蒙古自治区人民医院采用PVP治疗的178例OVCF患者临床资料。收集所有患者性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、骨密度T值、住院时间、手术穿刺路径、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散情况、骨水泥渗漏情况、椎体高度恢复率、术后即刻Cobb角及术后支具佩戴时间,并采用多因素logistic回归分析评价这些因素与术后椎体再骨折的相关性。结果 共29例患者PVP术后发生继发椎体再骨折,再骨折发生率为16.3%(29/178)。再骨折患者与无再骨折患者在年龄、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏情况、椎体高度恢复率、术后即刻Cobb角及术后支具佩戴时间6个方面差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。将上述6个因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,骨水泥注入量≥4 mL、骨水泥渗漏、椎体高度恢复率≥10%及术后支具佩戴时间<2个月是术后椎体发生再骨折的危险因素。结论 OVCF患者PVP术后邻近椎体再骨折与...     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的手术治疗

目的探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的临床疗效。方法2002年3月至2005年3月,对21例相隔一个正常椎体的跳跃性胸腰椎椎体结核患者施行前路病灶清除植骨融合椎体钉棒内固定治疗,植骨采用自体髂骨-肋骨或钛网-肋骨植骨。男14例,女7例;年龄22～67岁,平均43岁。病变范围：T4～L3,胸椎12例,胸腰段6例,腰椎3例。两处跳跃病变破坏2个椎体1例、3个椎体7例、4个椎体10例;三处跳跃病变破坏5个椎体2例,6个椎体1例。病变节段后凸角：胸椎30°～50°,胸腰段15°～30°,腰椎10°～20°。4例伴不完全截瘫。术前强化抗痨2～4周,术后规则抗痨1年。结果21例患者随访2.1～5.1年,平均3.4年。切口均一期愈合,术后早期肺不张2例,腹胀1例,经保守治疗1周内恢复。术后1～3个月红细胞沉降率、C-反应蛋白逐渐恢复正常。手术矫正后凸畸形10°～30°,末次随访畸形矫正角度丢失≤5.1°。植骨于术后3个月开始出现融合,随访期间无植骨块移位和内固定松动、折断。4例不完全截瘫患者术后6个月神经功能基本恢复正常。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核可彻底清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、重建和维持脊柱稳定性。     

Cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery

A case of cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery is presented. This entity is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. The present case is the first to be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of considering this vascular anomaly in the differential diagnosis of cervical spinal tumors is discussed.     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

Predicting human vertebral bone strength by vertebral static histomorphometry

The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar vertebrae, and two iliac crest bone biopsies from each of 21 women (19--96 years) and 24 men (23--95 years). One of the iliac crest biopsies and 9-mm-thick mediolateral slices of half of each of the entire vertebral bodies (L-2) were used for histomorphometry. The other iliac crest biopsies and the L-3 were destructively tested by compression. High correlation was found between BV/TV or Tb.Sp and vertebral bone strength (absolute value of r = 0.86 in both cases). Addition of Tb.Th significantly improved the correlation between BV/TV and bone strength, and the addition of bone space star volume significantly improved the correlation between Tb.Sp and bone strength (from absolute value of r = 0.86 to absolute value of r = 0.89 in both cases). Bone structure (connectivity density) was not capable of improving the prediction of bone strength of the vertebral body. The correlations between BV/TV of L-2 and bone strength of L-3 were comparable with the correlation obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptrometry (DEXA) of L-3 and bone strength of L-3. The iliac crest was found to have low predictive power of vertebral bone strength (iliac BV/TV: r = 0.62; iliac bone strength: r = 0.67). No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. It was shown that trabecular bone volume BV/TV and mean trabecular plate separation Tb.Sp are good predictors of vertebral bone strength. The ability of histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was comparable to that of densitometry. Bone structure assessed by connectivity density did not improve the correlation between static histomorphometric measures and vertebral bone strength. No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. Neither static histomorphometry nor biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies is a good predictor of vertebral bone strength.     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体强化术后椎体高度再丢失的研究进展

正经皮椎体强化术包括经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP),两者通过微创手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF),可有效缓解疼痛、恢复压缩椎体高度和脊柱稳定性。但近年来观察到PVP和PKP术后恢复的椎体高度存在再丢失现象(没有创伤的情况下),术后椎体高度的再丢     

椎动脉三维CT血管成像对椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值

目的:探讨椎动脉三维CT血管成像(CTA)在椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)诊断中的应用价值。方法:2007年7月～2008年4月临床上诊断为CSA的患者共21例(CSA组),对其CTA上显示的椎动脉、横突孔及钩椎关节增生情况进行观测,并与21例非CSA患者(对照组)的CTA观测结果进行比较分析。结果:CSA组中椎动脉正常者4例,管腔变细者7例,走行异常者1例,椎动脉硬化者2例,管腔局限性狭窄者4例,血管走行迂曲者3例,无血管闭塞的患者。对照组中14例椎动脉表现正常,管腔变细者4例,走行迂曲者3例。两组中血管正常、局限性狭窄出现比率间均有显著性差异(P0.05,χ2分别为9.72、1.21)。CSA组中11例(52.4%)患者共有36个钩椎关节增生,以C4～C7增生(28个,77.8%)最为常见,32个(88.9%)为轻度增生,3个(8.3%)为中度增生,1个(2.8%)为重度增生。对照组中,6例(28.6%)患者共有19个钩椎关节增生,只有1个(5.3%)表现为中度增生,其余均为轻度增生。结论:CTA可以较好地显示椎动脉异常、局限性狭窄及钩椎关节的增生情况,在CSA中具有一定的诊断价值。     

Clinical relevance of diagnosing vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment

Low bone mineral density and the presence of vertebral fractures are independent predictors for future vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. Combining the conventional measurement of bone mineral density of spine and hips with the morphometry of the thoracal and lumbar vertebrae on lateral images using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanners, a technique called vertebral fracture assessment, facilitates detection of vertebral fractures in those patients at older age and with clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. Particularly, the finding of one or more vertebral deformities in patients with osteopenia is clinically important, because this might prompt the start of anti-osteoporotic treatment.