原位纳米测试技术研究灵芝孢子孢壁弹性模量和硬度

采用原位纳米测试技术研究灵芝孢子孢壁的力学性能。进行了试样制备方法的探索,利用原位纳米力学测试与分析系统,分别测试未破壁和机械法破壁的灵芝孢子孢壁的弹性模量和硬度。结果显示:未破壁灵芝孢子的平均弹性模量为2.0 GPa,硬度为0.13 GPa;机械法破壁灵芝孢子的平均弹性模量为4.36 GPa,硬度为0.26 GPa。研究结果为分析孢子的破壁机理提供了必要的参数。     

超高压超临界撞击流方法制备破壁灵芝孢子粉的机理分析

从灵芝孢子粉破壁的过程出发，结合灵芝孢子粉的结构，分析了采用超高压超临界撞击流方法制备破壁灵芝孢子粉的机理。分析结果表明：高速射流引起的撞击是造成灵芝孢子破壁的最主要原因。     

灵芝孢子对常规涂片镜检的干扰作用

目的正确识别大便、痰液标本中的灵芝孢子,避免将其误判为与其形态相近似的寄生虫卵或病原体。方法用显微镜观察患者所服药品(保健品)、大便及经革兰染色痰液涂片中的灵芝孢子。结果灵芝孢子具有卵圆形、圆形、香蕉形以及不同程度地破碎孢子等形态。革兰染色后的灵芝孢子孢壁呈红色,内容物呈黄色脂滴样。结论灵芝孢子在常规涂片镜检中具有干扰作用,仔细观察,能正确识别。     

粪便中灵芝孢子与酵母样真菌的鉴别诊断

灵芝孢子属于担子菌亚门,酵母样真菌属半知菌亚门,两者形态相似,所以在临床检验工作中,由于初学者经验不足或粗心、疏漏,将粪便标本中的两者误认,而导致误诊。灵芝孢子的外层为既不溶于水、也不溶于酸的几丁质构成的坚硬外壁,而人体内无相应的酶来溶解它,所以未破壁的灵芝孢子难以被人体充分吸收,随粪便排出体外[1]。所以在常规粪便检查工作中灵芝孢子常成堆出现。灵芝孢子与酵母样真菌在常规检验与革兰染色中的区别如下:高倍镜下,灵芝孢子呈卵圆形,丰满,光滑,棕黄色,内有均匀颗粒样物。酵母样真菌大小不等,可见有特有的孢子,孢子呈棕黄色,卵圆形,有的可见假菌丝,且折光性强。在革兰染色中,灵芝孢子孢壁染成红色,孢内物质呈黄色脂滴样,油镜下见孢壁内有许多针尖状物。而酵母样真菌呈紫黑色,卵圆形,有的可见芽管。灵芝孢子具有抗肿瘤及抗放射、抗心血管系统疾病、提高免疫能力、保肝解毒、调节神经系统、调节血糖等功能,另还具抗非典作用[2]。所以肿瘤患者常服用灵芝孢子。随着免疫抑制剂、激素、广谱抗生素、抗肿瘤药物的大量应用,器官移植技术的开展,导管的介入及肿瘤的放疗、化疗等,深部真菌感染尤其是念珠菌感染日趋增多。而服用灵芝制剂者多为肿瘤患者。所以常规...     

轴壁聚合度对金属全冠固位力的影响

目的:通过比较5种不同轴壁聚合度全冠的固位力,探讨轴壁聚合度对金属全冠固位力的影响。方法:选用离体上颌第一磨牙,制作复合树脂牙体代型,分别进行轴壁聚合度为0°、2°、4°、6°、8°的牙体预备,每组8个,对每个牙体代型制作金属全冠。比较其粘固前、后的固位力。结果:粘固前6°组和8°组的固位力明显低于0°组、2°组和4°组。粘固后8°组的固位力明显低于其余各组。粘固后0°组、2°组、4°组、6°组、8°组的固位力分别提高了191.93%、204.05%、213.76%、248.28%、317.49%。结论:全冠固位力随着轴壁聚合度的增大而减小;粘固后,轴壁聚合度越大,固位力的增幅越大。     

具备不同拓扑结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯静电纺丝纳米纤维细胞支架的构建及鉴定

运用计算流体力学对超音速空气火焰喷涂（HVAF）喷枪流场进行模拟,根据模拟结果选择恰当的送粉位置,并研究了入射角度(θ)、WC 10Co4Cr颗粒入射质量流量(M)、颗粒直径(D)、入射速度(v)对颗粒轨迹的影响。研究发现：送粉位置有两个选择点,即分别距离喷嘴5倍于喷嘴直径处和20倍于喷嘴直径处;入射角为30°～50°时颗粒飞行轨迹最佳,而入射角为10°和70°时均出现部分颗粒撞击壁面的情况;当质量流量为1 g/s时,粒子在流场中的轨迹最佳;颗粒直径在50 μm左右时粒子飞行的轨迹最好; 当入射速度达到30 m/s左右时,颗粒的飞行轨迹最佳;而入射速度超过35 m/s后,会出现严重的颗粒相互撞击的现象。     

骨牵引治疗髋关节中心性脱位

髋关节中心脱位较少见 ,多是直接暴力作用于大转子 ,股骨头向内撞击髋臼 ,产生髋臼骨折 ,然后股骨头随同骨折片向内移入骨盆内所致。临床上根据脱位程度可分为 3度 :Ⅰ°脱位 ,股骨头向中心轻度脱位 ,头顶部仍在臼顶负重区之下 ;Ⅱ°脱位 ,股骨头突入骨盆内壁 ,头顶部离开臼顶负重区 ;Ⅲ°脱位 ,股骨头大部或全部突入骨盆壁之内。我科于 1996年 3月～ 1998年 6月先后诊治该病 3例 ,现报道如下 :临床资料1.病例介绍　例 1:患者女 ,32岁 ,乘坐摩托车时不慎与对面的车辆相撞 ,右膝关节被撞击后 ,髋膝关节疼痛 ,不能活动。来我院摄片提示 :髋臼…     

应激状态下胃粘膜的粘液量、凝胶层厚度及接触角的变化

目的:探讨应激性刺激对大鼠胃壁结合粘液凝胶层的粘液量、凝胶层厚度、粘膜接触角的影响.方法:以水浸束缚方法制作大鼠应激模型,用Alcian blue染色法检测对照组及应激2、4 h组腺胃区粘膜粘液量,用厚片法检测凝胶层厚度,用光镜测定法检测粘膜接触角,并按Guth标准计数溃疡指数.结果:对照组与应激2、4 h组粘液量分别为(0.14±0.03)、(0.07±0.02)和(0.02±0.02)/g;凝胶层厚度为(71.08±5.85)、(57.63±6.45)和(51.35±2.84) μm;粘膜接触角为(38.0±2.4)°、(20.0±1.6)°和(14.4±3.3)°(P<0.01);腺胃粘膜溃疡指数积分为0、(5.2±1.3)和(10.0±0.5).对照组、应激2 h组及应激4 h组之间上述指标均有显著差异(P<0.01);凝胶层厚度与粘液量呈明显正相关;三者与胃粘膜病变程度呈显著的负相关.结论:应激状态下胃粘膜粘液量、凝胶层厚度、胃粘膜接触角均降低,提示与应激性溃疡的发生有关.     

紫外光辐照接枝MMA改性锂离子电池PE隔膜

采用紫外光辐照接枝的方法,通过本体聚合,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接枝至聚乙烯（PE）隔膜表面,以改善其对电解液的润湿性能。结果表明：通过紫外光辐照可实现有效的表面接枝,当引发剂质量浓度为0.10 g/mL,光照时间为150 s时,表面接枝率达到49.15%,通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜等对膜表面形貌变化进行了观察,静态接触角测试表明,接枝改性后膜对电解液的接触角从47.8°～48.1°降至18.1°～20.4°,润湿性能提高。     

拉伸微模塑制备低密度聚乙烯超疏水表面

以新鲜荷叶为原始模板制备聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）软模板,并用该软模板在真空下热压得低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）,冷却剥离得到LDPE超疏水薄膜。场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）显示其表面由细长乳突（长约30 μm）构成,接触角为154°±3.5°,水滴极易滚落,而常压下热压得到的薄膜表面乳突则短而粗（长约8～10 μm）,接触角仅137°±2.7°。短粗的乳突高度接近模板微坑的深度,证明细长乳突是在微模塑脱模时拉伸形成的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.