中国四省肉鸡生产加工环节沙门菌的污染及耐药谱分布状况

目的 调查中国肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节沙门菌的污染及抗生素耐药谱分布状况.方法 2010年在河南、江苏、四川和山东省选择5家规模化养殖场和14家屠宰加工厂,分别采用肛拭法和整禽漂洗法检测835份肉鸡活体和744份肉鸡胴体中的沙门菌,比较不同样品沙门菌污染率的差异根据Kauffmann-White表对沙门菌菌株进行血清学鉴定,应用微量肉汤稀释法检测菌株对16种抗生素的耐药分布情况.结果 835份肉鸡活体肛拭样品中有56份检出沙门菌,阳性率为6.7％;744份肉鸡胴体样品中有122份检出沙门菌,阳性率为16.4％,肉鸡胴体沙门菌的检出率高于肉鸡活体(x2=36.94,P＜0.05).肉鸡活体中沙门菌的优势血清型为印第安纳沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌,分别占 58.9％ (33/56)和32.1％ (18/56);肉鸡胴体中沙门 菌的优势血清型与肉鸡活体相同,印第安纳沙门菌和肠炎沙门 菌分别占29.8％ (37/124)和32.2％ (40/124).180株沙门菌分离株耐药率高达95.0％ (171/180),多重耐药菌株达78.3％ (141/180),有20株菌耐14种抗生素,占11.1％.结论 中国肉鸡生产和加工环节沙门菌污染严重,且屠宰加工环节肉鸡胴体沙门菌的污染率高于生产环节肉鸡活体的污染率;肉鸡中沙门菌耐药形势严峻.     

北京市不同来源非伤寒沙门菌的分子分型和耐药性分析

目的分析北京市不同来源非伤寒沙门菌的分子流行病学特征及耐药情况。方法对腹泻患者粪便和食品中分离的53株非伤寒沙门菌进行血清分型,并对所有菌株进行PFGE分型和抗生素敏感性检测。结果腹泻患者粪便来源和食品来源沙门菌的血清型分布不同,食品中分离到6株鼠伤寒沙门菌单项变种1,4,[5],12:i:-。53株非伤寒沙门菌通过PFGE分型分为31个不同的带型,每个带型包含1~10株菌,同一血清型菌株PFGE带型聚集成簇。抗生素敏感性结果显示,79.25%的菌株对至少一种抗生素耐药,其中多重耐药菌株14株。耐药率高的前三种抗生素分别是:萘啶酸60.38%、四环素35.85%、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑18.88%。两种来源的印第安纳沙门菌的耐药情况严重。结论北京市不同来源非伤寒沙门菌的耐药情况比严重,多重耐药菌株的PFGE带型多样,加强耐药监测和分子分型网络化、合理使用抗生素意义重大。     

北京市40株肠炎沙门菌多重耐药和分子分型研究

目的分析2009-2010年北京市肠炎沙门菌多重耐药和脉冲场凝胶电泳（pulsed-field gel electropho-resis,PFGE）分子分型。方法对2009-2010年北京市肠道门诊监测系统分离到的40株肠炎沙门菌进行生化鉴定、血清分型并运用纸片法进行药敏检测,并采用PFGE进行分子分型。结果发现40株肠炎沙门菌中,32株多重耐药菌株,其中4～5种抗生素耐药27株（84.38%）,10种抗生素耐药1株（3.13%）;可分为14个PFGE带型,其中4个PFGE型的菌株数超过1株。结论北京市肠炎沙门菌分离株多重耐药性比较严重,PFGE分子型别较多,且存在差异明显的多个克隆系,但同一PFGE型菌株的多重耐药谱较为接近。     

一起由阿贡纳沙门菌引起的食物中毒的病原学研究及溯源分析

目的 对引起2022年夏季绍兴市某区一起食物中毒事件的沙门菌进行血清型、耐药表型及分子分型分析，研究分析其相关性。方法 使用玻片凝集法对6株沙门菌进行血清分型；采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离株对14种抗生素的耐药性；采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)法对分离株进行分子分型和同源性分析，并与数据库中其他沙门菌比较。结果 6份患者肛拭子样本中检出1株阿贡纳沙门菌，7份从业人员肛拭子样本中检出2株阿贡纳沙门菌、1株婴儿沙门菌及1株阿姆德尼斯沙门菌，7份餐馆环境涂抹样本中检出1株阿贡纳沙门菌。对6株沙门菌进行脉冲场凝胶电泳分型，患者肛拭子样本、从业人员肛拭子样本、环境涂抹样本检出的3株阿贡纳沙门菌PFGE条带完全一致。6株分离菌株耐药谱相同。在绍兴市沙门菌PFGE数据库中未发现相同带型的菌株。结论 该事件是绍兴市首起由阿贡纳沙门菌感染引起的食物中毒事件，PFGE分型揭示分离株之间的相关性，为事件的分析和溯源提供了依据。     

北京市昌平区临床分离沙门菌株分子分型与耐药分析

目的了解北京市昌平区沙门菌临床菌株血清型、分子特征及耐药性。方法对2017年昌平区分离的沙门菌进行血清分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳分型分析及药敏实验。结果 42株沙门菌主要血清型为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌。PFGE分析得到31种PFGE带型,菌株相似系数为56.9%～100.0%。沙门菌对萘啶酸、链霉素、氨苄西林和磺胺异恶唑的耐药率较高,分别为57.14%、42.86%、40.48%和40.48%;19株(45.24%)沙门菌同时耐受3种及以上抗生素。结论北京市昌平区引起腹泻的沙门菌主要为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌,对萘啶酸、磺胺异恶唑、链霉素和氨苄西林等抗生素耐药率高,多重耐药严重,且PFGE带型呈高度多态性。     

淄博市肉鸡产业链中沙门菌污染状况及其血清型 与分子分型分析

摘要:目的　对2012年淄博市肉鸡产业链中沙门菌污染状况进行调查,并进行血清型及脉冲场凝胶电泳（Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis,PFGE）分子分型分析。方法　对2012年淄博市肉鸡产业链各环节样品按照国家标准方法进行沙门菌检测及血清分型,选取部分沙门菌经脉冲场凝胶电泳后用BioNumerics软件进行聚类分析。结果　共采集肉鸡产业链不同环节样品1267份,检出沙门菌298株,总检出率为23.5%,印第安纳沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌分别占48.0%和46.3%。其中98株沙门菌的PFGE指纹图谱相似度在48.9%～100.0%之间,产生74种PFGE带型,相似度在85.0%以上的带型的有9组,共82株菌,其中带型完全一致的有9组,共33株菌。结论　沙门菌在淄博市肉鸡产业链的各个环节均有检出,主要以肠炎沙门氏菌和印第安纳沙门氏菌为主。所检沙门菌PFGE带型复杂,基因多态性明显。     

食物中毒肠炎沙门菌的生物学特性及分子分型研究

目的:对一起食物中毒分离的肠炎沙门菌进行生物学特性和分子分型研究。方法:菌株分离、生化鉴定和血清型确定参照GB/T4789.4-2008方法进行,用VITEK-32全自动微生物鉴定系统检测菌株药物敏感性,用实时荧光PCR法检测沙门菌invA基因,用PFGE方法进行分子分型。结果:17份样品检出10株肠炎沙门菌;经耐药性分析,菌株对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑啉、头孢他啶等15种抗生素均为100%敏感,对呋喃妥因70%耐药;invA基因阳性率为100%;经PFGE分型,10株源于食物中毒患者和涂抹物样品的肠炎沙门菌带型一致,为相同菌株。结论:invA基因可作为沙门菌病快速诊断基因;PFGE是一种非常实用的分子分型方法,能用于沙门菌食物中毒细菌同源性的分析。     

湖南省食源性德尔卑沙门菌耐药谱及PFGE分型研究

目的了解湖南省食源性德尔卑沙门菌的耐药谱及分子分型,建立沙门菌指纹图谱数据库。方法运用肉汤稀释法对食源性德尔卑沙门菌进行药敏试验,并采用脉冲场凝胶电泳法(PFGE)进行分子分型。结果 47株德尔卑沙门菌中,有46株对1种以上抗生素耐药(97.87%),有29株多重耐药菌株(61.70%);德尔卑沙门菌分为32种PFGE型,其中有10种PFGE型的菌株数超过1株。结论湖南省食源性德尔卑沙门菌分离株呈高耐药和多重耐药趋势,PFGE分子型别呈多态性,有同源菌株存在,PFGE分型为食源性疾病溯源和预警提供技术基础。     

常州市肉鸡中食源性沙门菌的分子分型研究

目的初步建立江苏省肉鸡加工产业食源性污染沙门菌分子分型数据库。方法参照美国疾病预防控制中心脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法,对2012年江苏省食源性致病菌污染调查(调查点常州市)分离到的38株沙门菌,通过限制性内切酶(XbaⅠ)进行酶切,完成PFGE,利用BioNumerics软件进行聚类分析,建立分子分型数据库。结果 38株沙门菌分为3种血清型,分别是印第安纳沙门菌(28株)、肠炎沙门菌(7株)和猪霍乱沙门菌(3株);分属10个PFGE基因型别,可得到24个PFGE基因指纹图谱。其中印第安纳沙门菌可分为16种PFGE指纹图谱,相似度58.0%~100.0%,该型沙门菌存在聚集性带型(99.0%~100.0%),在不同屠宰环节与时间均有分布;肠炎沙门菌分为5种PFGE指纹图谱,相似度53.4%~100.0%。结论调查地区肉鸡屠宰加工场内沙门菌带型多样化,无明显聚集性,提示污染来源多样;沙门菌在肉鸡屠宰加工各环节均存在污染的可能,应加强监测与生产过程中的质量控制。     

玉林市婴幼儿腹泻感染非伤寒沙门菌分子分型和耐药情况分析

目的了解婴幼儿感染的非伤寒沙门菌的分子分型和耐药情况。方法收集了2018年玉林市中医医院综合儿科门诊3岁以下腹泻患儿401份粪便标本,按照《2018年食源性疾病监测工作手册》进行沙门菌增菌、分离鉴定、分子分型及药物敏感试验。同时,把检出优势的非伤寒沙门菌血清型通过脉冲场凝胶电泳分析技术(PFGE)进行分子分型;把优势血清型与其他血清型沙门菌的药敏结果进行比对来了解其不同之处。结果腹泻患者共分离出29株非沙伤寒沙门菌,检出率为7.2%(29/401)。血清型主要为鼠伤寒沙门菌,占非伤寒沙门菌总数的62.1%(18/29)。18株鼠伤寒沙门菌可分为17个PFGE型别,其中2株为同一PFGE型,4株PFGE带型相近。药敏结果显示所有非伤寒沙门菌菌株均对亚胺硫霉素、头孢西丁、环丙沙星、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、阿奇霉素敏感,对其余9种抗菌药物产生不同程度的耐药。29株非伤寒沙门菌总体耐药率为96.6%(28/29),其中氨苄西林耐药率为86.2%(25/29),四环素为75.9%(22/29),氯霉素为69.0%(20/29),甲氧苄氨嘧啶/磺胺甲噁唑为62.1%(18/29)。鼠伤寒沙门菌四环素耐药率高于其他血清型非伤寒沙门菌四环素耐药率;多重耐药方面:鼠伤寒沙门菌以4、5种耐药占比大,1或2种耐药占比较少,尤其是2种耐药比率明显低于其他血清型非伤寒沙门菌(P值=0.014)。结论婴幼儿感染的非伤寒沙门菌部分菌株高度同源且耐药情况相当严重。     

广东省2007年度非伤寒沙门菌监测及病原学特征分析

目的 了解广东省腹泻病患者中非伤寒沙门菌感染情况和菌株的血清型别、分布、耐药性变化.方法 对纳入研究的腹泻病患者进行非伤寒沙门菌检测,对分离到的菌株进行血清分型、药物敏感性试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型.结果 2007年度共检测1128份腹泻粪便标本,分离到71株沙门菌,阳性检出率为6.29%;共分得29种血清型,肠炎和鼠伤寒沙门菌居多;大多数沙门菌对常用的头孢类和喹诺酮类抗生素敏感,鼠伤寒沙门菌的耐药率普遍较肠炎和斯坦利沙门菌高;除肠炎沙门菌外,其余的血清型没有同一PFGE型别的菌株;用Xba Ⅰ酶切17株肠炎沙门菌可分为PFGE-XbaⅠ 1～8型,其中PFGE-XbaⅠ 4型为优势型别.用Sfi Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ酶对12株肠炎沙门菌进行再分型,综合用Xba Ⅰ/Sfi Ⅰ/Not Ⅰ三种酶的结果 发现仍有三组菌的PFGE图谱是完全一致的.结论 2007年度广东省非伤寒沙门菌的感染多数为散发病例,头孢类和喹诺酮类抗生素是治疗非伤寒沙门菌感染的首选药物.     

Vertical and horizontal transmission of salmonella within integrated broiler production system

Salmonella remains one of the leading causes of food-borne illness in the United States, and many key questions regarding the introduction and persistence in animal production systems still remain. In order to understand the ecology of Salmonella within an integrated commercial broiler production system, 289 Salmonella enterica were recovered from two integrated poultry farms during the production and processing of seven consecutive flocks. The variety and prevalence of Salmonella serotypes differed between farms. Overall, 15 serotypes were identified, with the most common being Typhimurium (55%), Montevideo (7.9%), Kentucky (9%), and Enteritidis (9.7%). Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates recovered from processed carcasses from Farm One were further characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and were shown to be indistinguishable from isolates recovered from the poultry house environment and mice trapped on this farm. Additionally, the same broiler S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis strains, identified by PFGE, were also isolated from samples taken at a company breeder farm, suggesting vertical transmission of these Salmonella serotypes in this poultry production system. Results indicate that management practices at the breeder level may have a profound effect on the transmission and persistence of salmonellae within an integrated production system, as well as on the potential contamination of poultry-derived products.     

食品中沙门氏菌血清及PFGE分型研究

目的了解吉林省食品中分离的沙门氏菌血清型与脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）基因分型,探索沙门氏菌的分子多态性。方法将从市售鸡肉、鸡胴体、中式凉拌菜及婴儿配方奶中分离出的10株沙门氏菌进行血清学分型、PFGE分子分型,BioNumerics version软件分析比较同源性。结果 10株沙门氏菌血清型分别为4株肠炎沙门氏菌,3株里定沙门氏菌,2株阿贡纳沙门氏菌和1株雷摩沙门氏菌。PFGE聚类分型结果主要分为4型：1型4株,相似度超过95%;2型3株,又分2个亚型,亚型间的相似度为78%;3型2株,相似度为100%;4型1株。结论吉林省食品中沙门氏菌具有不同血清学及PFGE型别,相同来源和血清型的菌株PFGE型别显示高度同源性。     

Differentiation of Salmonella enteritidis isolates by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism

Salmonella Enteritidis is responsible for human gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, and the molecular characterization of isolates is an important tool for epidemiological studies. Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) analysis was performed on 31 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from South Brazil isolated from human, foods, swine, broiler carcasses, and other poultry-related samples to subtype isolates in comparison to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Five strains of Salmonella Enteritidis from different geographical regions, Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, and four isolates of different Salmonella serovars were also tested. Among the 41 isolates tested, 96 polymorphic AFs and 40 distinct profiles were obtained, displaying a Simpson's index of diversity of 0.99; whereas the PFGE analysis presented 13 patterns and the resulting Simpson's index was 0.55. Nine FAFLP and seven PFGE clusters could be inferred based in Dice similarity coefficient. FAFLP clustering readily identified different serotypes of Salmonella but did not distinguish isolates epidemiologically nonrelated or distinct phage types. Therefore, these results indicate that FAFLP is a rapid method for epidemiological investigations of Salmonella outbreaks, presenting a high discriminatory power for subtyping of Salmonella Enteritidis.     

Clonal dissemination of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in Germany

Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (Salmonella Infantis) is consistently isolated from broiler chickens, pigs, and humans worldwide. This study investigated 93 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella Infantis strains isolated in Germany between 2005 and 2008 in respect to their transmission along the food chain. Various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied, and the pathogenicity and resistance gene repertoire was determined. Phenotypically, 66% of the strains were susceptible to all 17 antimicrobials tested, while the others were almost all multidrug-resistant (two or more antimicrobial resistances), with different resistance profiles and preferentially isolated from broiler chickens. A number of phage types (PTs) were shared by strains from pigs, broiler chickens, and humans (predominated by PT 29). One, PT 1, was only detected in strains from pigs/pork and humans. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subdivided strains in seven different clusters, named A-G, consisting of 35 various XbaI profiles with coefficient of similarity values of 0.73-0.97. The majority of XbaI profiles were assigned to clusters A and C, and two predominant XbaI profiles were common in strains isolated from all sources investigated. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of selected strains representing the seven PFGE clusters revealed that they all belonged to ST32. The pathogenicity gene repertoire of 37 representative Salmonella Infantis strains analyzed by microarray was also identical. The resistance gene repertoire correlated perfectly with the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, and multidrug-resistant strains were associated with class 1 integrons. Overall, this study showed that two major closely related genotypes of Salmonella Infantis can transmit in Germany to humans through contaminated broiler meat or pork, and consequently presents a hazard for human health.     

广东省2008－2009 年沙门菌监测

目的 了解广东省腹泻患者中沙门菌的感染及沙门菌暴发的情况以及沙门菌株的血清型别、耐药性和分子特征.方法 对纳入研究的腹泻病患者进行沙门菌的检测,对日常监测中分离到的菌株和暴发监测收集到的菌株进行血清分型、药物敏感试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型.结果 2008年共检测1922份粪便标本,分离到7l株沙门菌,阳性率为3.7%;2009年检测2110份粪便标本,分离到85株沙门菌,阳性检出率为4.0%;156株菌共分37种血清型,鼠伤寒和肠炎沙门菌居多;监测到10起由沙门菌污染引起的食物中毒事件,其中有4起由肠炎沙门菌引起,有3起由鼠伤寒沙门菌引起;发现1起疑似肠炎沙门菌暴发,并开展流行病学调查,结果提示4名病例中有2名病例是感染同一来源的肠炎沙门菌;229株沙门菌对头孢类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物敏感率达80%以上,59.3%是多重耐药沙门菌.结论 在广东省引起感染性腹泻和食物中毒的沙门菌主要为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the infection of Salmonella (S.) in patients with diarrhea and outbreaks caused by Salmonella to identify the serotypes, resistance to antibiotics and PFGE types of the strains from the surveillance program in Guangdong province. Methods S. strains from patients with diarrhea were detected, and all the positive strains collected in routine and outbreak surveillance programs, were tested by serum agglutination, antibiotic susceptibility and PFGE.Results 71 S. strains were isolated from 1922 stool samples in 2008, with positive rate as 3.7%.85 S. strains were isolated from 2110 stool samples in 2009, with positive rate as 4.0%. All the 156 strains were divided into 37 serotypes, with S. serotype typhimurium and enteritidis as the most common serotypes. 10 incidents of food poisoning were detected, of which 4 were caused by enteritidis and 3 by typhimurium. A suspected outbreak by enteritidis was discovered and under epidemiological investigation. The findings indicated that 2 of the 4 patients from this outbreak were infected with identical enteritidis isolates. 80% of the 229 isolates were found susceptible to cephalosporins and quinoione and 59.3% of them were muitiresistant to the antibiotics. Conclusion S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium were the most common serotypes that caused infectious diarrhoea and food poisoning in Guangdong province.     

2013年泰州市健康从业人员携带的沙门氏菌耐药状况以及分子分型研究

目的 了解泰州市健康从业人员携带的沙门氏菌血清型分布、耐药状况以及分子分型特性,为食源性沙门氏菌病的防治提供检测依据。方法 将2013年泰州市健康从业人员分离的58株沙门氏菌进行生化鉴定、血清学分型、药敏试验以及脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis,PFGE)分子分型,并运用BioNumeries软件分析菌株之间的流行病学关系。结果 58株沙门氏菌分为8种血清型,主要以蒙德维的亚沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、德尔卑沙门氏菌为主。药敏试验表明,58株沙门氏菌对四环素和萘定酸耐药性最高;多重耐药谱显示耐2种抗生素及以上占39.66%,最高耐10种抗生素。PFGE结果表明,同一血清型的沙门氏菌有多个PFGE带型,相似度大于50.00%,且均有带型100.00%一致的菌株存在。结论 泰州市健康从业人员携带的沙门氏菌耐药谱广,耐药性较强;基因型呈多态分布,但具有流行相关性;各血清型都有100.00%同源菌株,应结合流行病学调查,做好预防控制工作。     

河南省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染监测

目的了解河南省肉鸡养殖和屠宰过程中沙门菌的污染状况,为食品安全风险评估提供数据支持。方法选择肉鸡产品销量占河南省市场60%以上的养殖场和屠宰场,于2010年6~10月份在肉鸡养殖环节采集成年鸡肛拭子、在屠宰环节采集鸡酮体按照GB4789.4-2010进行沙门菌定性或/和定量检测。结果共检测368只鸡肛拭子,沙门氏菌检出率8.7%;186份鸡酮体,检出率24.2%。鸡肛拭子检出率最高的月份是7、8月、鸡酮体检出率较高的月份分布在6、8月份;两类样本检出沙门菌血清型前3位一致,均为印第安纳、肠炎和哈达尔沙门菌。鸡酮体沙门菌污染量较低,91.1%在10MPN/g以下。检出沙门菌均具有invA基因。肉鸡胴体和活鸡肛拭子分离沙门菌均具有严重的多重耐药现象,活鸡肛拭子沙门菌较胴体沙门菌耐药严重。结论肉鸡沙门菌的污染取决于肉鸡携带沙门菌和养殖环境中沙门菌的污染状况,并通过屠宰过程使污染扩大化和复杂化。宰后酮体鸡沙门菌的含量不高,但是沙门菌的存在将对食品安全造成潜在危害。分离沙门菌菌株耐药现象严重,提示政府要加大监测力度,养殖部门要合理使用抗生素。     

禽、畜养殖场分离的优势血清型沙门菌耐药性和分子分型分析

目的了解玉林市禽、畜养殖场沙门菌的流行情况、耐药性及菌株间的亲源关系,为卫生风险评估及制定公共卫生措施提供基础数据。方法收集了2018年玉林市北流禽畜养殖场环境样标本、禽畜养殖场工人肛拭子标本,参照《2018年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》及《2018年食源性疾病监测工作手册》,进行沙门菌分离培养及血清学鉴定;并对主要血清型进行耐药性检测和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型。结果监测40个禽畜养殖场,其中人畜共用水中沙门菌检出率为5.0%(2/40),环境样检出率为29.7%(11/37),工人肛拭子中检出率为4.0%(2/50),共分离出15株非伤寒沙门菌。其中环境样沙门菌的检出率明显高于养殖场工人肛拭子的检出率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分离出来的沙门菌主要血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌、韦太夫雷登沙门菌。与其他来源沙门比对,PFGE显示18株鼠伤寒沙门菌有18种PFGE带型;14株韦太夫雷登沙门菌有12种PFGE带型,部分韦太夫雷登沙门菌100%同源或高度同源性。所有的沙门菌菌株均对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头孢西丁、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素敏感,对其余9种抗生素产生不同程度的耐药,环境样来源的沙门菌要比其他来源的沙门菌耐药率要低。结论禽畜养殖场沙门菌的检出率较高,且耐药状况不容乐观,特别是对四环素类、青霉素类、氯霉素类、磺胺类、抗生素严重耐药。耐药菌株与PFGE型间具有一定的相关性,且沙门菌具有遗传的多样性,可在环境、人、食品之间相互传播。因此,应加强监测,建立科学的防控策略。