明日叶的化学成分

目的: 对明日叶中的化学成分进行研究。方法: 利用硅胶柱色谱和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱进行分离纯化;利用IR,NMR和MS等波谱方法对各化合物进行结构鉴定。结果: 从明日叶中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为正二十六烷醇(1),胡萝卜苷(2),豆甾醇(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),木犀草素-7-鼠李糖葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素-7-O-α-D-葡萄糖苷(6)和steviol-l3-O-β-glucopyranoside 19-β-glucopyranosyl ester octaacetate(7)。结论: 以上的7个化合物在明日叶中属首次发现。     

罗布麻花化学成分研究

目的:研究罗布麻花中的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及ODS柱色谱分离,用波谱学方法确定结构。结果:从乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部分分得7个化合物,其结构鉴定为山柰酚(Ⅰ),槲皮素(Ⅱ),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ),香草酸(Ⅴ),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(2→1)-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅵ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

罗布麻叶黄酮类成分的研究

目的：对罗布麻叶黄酮类成分进行研究。方法：利用反复的聚酰胺柱色谱分离和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱纯化,通过波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果：分离并鉴定6个化合物,分别是：槲皮素(1),山柰酚(2),山柰酚-3-O-(6″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(5),山柰酚-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6)。结论：化合物5,6为首次从该属中分离得到。     

了哥王化学成分研究

目的:对了哥王的茎皮进行化学成分研究。方法:硅胶及ODS柱色谱分离,光谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:分离了6个化合物,分别鉴定为西瑞香素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1),槲皮苷(2),大黄素甲醚(3),山柰酚-3-芸香糖苷(4),芫花苷(5),伞形香青酰胺(6)。结论:6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

辣椒黄酮苷A的化学结构

该文对辣椒Capsicum annuum果实进行化学成分研究,采用多种色谱技术(硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,MCI GEL CHP-20P,HPLC等) 分离纯化,根据波谱学数据(UV,IR,MS,1D-和2D-NMR) 进行结构鉴定.从辣椒果实中分离得到5个化合物,结构分别鉴定为辣椒黄酮苷A(1),尿苷(2),腺苷(3),7-羟基-6-甲氧基桂皮酸乙酯(4) 和7-羟基桂皮酸乙酯(5).其中,化合物1为新化合物,其化学结构为木犀草素-7-O-[2″-O-(5'-O-芥子酰基)-β-D-芹糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷,命名为辣椒黄酮苷A.化合物2~5为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

细梗胡枝子化学成分研究

目的:研究豆科植物细梗胡枝子Lespedeza virgata的化学成分。方法:将乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部分进行反复柱色谱,利用质谱对分离得到的单体进行结构鉴定。结果:分离并鉴定了7个化合物,包括4个黄酮类化合物和3个酚酸类化合物。其中4个黄酮类化合物,分别为槲皮素-3-O-[2″-O-(E-6-O-阿魏酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖]-β-D-半乳糖苷(1),7-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖基山柰酚苷(2),7-O-α-L吡喃鼠李糖基-山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素(4),3个酚酸类化合物,分别为对羟基反式肉桂酸(5),原儿茶酸(6),对羟基苯甲酸(7)。结论:7个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离获得。     

绵头雪莲花的化学成分研究

目的:对西藏产绵头雪莲花Saussurea laniceps全草进行化学成分研究。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱法进行分离纯化,通过波谱解析进行结构鉴定。结果:从该藏药材乙醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1),伞形花内酯(2),对羟基苯乙酮(3),东莨菪素(4),异东莨菪素(5),雪莲内酯(6),3-(2′,4′-二羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯(7),芹菜素(8),neoechinulin A(9),胡萝卜苷(10),东莨菪素苷(11),雪莲内酯8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-芦丁糖苷(14)和紫丁香苷(15)。结论:化合物5~15系首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物7,9系首次从该属植物中首次发现。     

红茴香甲醇部位化学成分研究

研究红茴香茎部甲醇部位的化学成分。运用HP-20、反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、高效制备液相等分离技术,对甲醇部位进行分离纯化,通过质谱（MS）、波谱数据分析（¹H,¹³C-NMR）进行结构鉴定。从甲醇部位分离5个化合物,分别鉴定为苯甲醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）,4-羟基-苯乙醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）,3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯丙醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）,3-甲氧基-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-苯甲酸甲酯（4）,4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-苯甲酸甲酯（5）。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

乌桕叶化学成分研究

目的：研究乌桕Sapium sebiferum叶中的化学成分。方法：利用硅胶柱色谱及制备型HPLC进行分离纯化,根据各种光谱技术进行化合物鉴定。结果：分离得到9个化合物,分别为莽草酸(1),山柰酚(2),槲皮素(3),异槲皮苷(4),金丝桃苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(7),没食子酸(8),芦丁(9)。结论：化合物1,5,6,7为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从该种植物中分到。     

深绿山龙眼种子化学成分研究Ⅱ

目的:对深绿山龙眼Helicia nilagirica种子的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用乙醇提取,石油醚、二氯甲烷、正丁醇萃取,硅胶柱色谱分离,通过理化性质和光谱分析鉴定结构。结果:从二氯甲烷和正丁醇部分分离鉴定5个化合物:对羟基苯甲醛(1),对羟基苯甲酸(2),没食子酸(3),豆腐果苷(4),对甲醛基苯-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)。结论:以上化合物除豆腐果苷外均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,3为首次从山龙眼属植物中得到。     

泽漆化学成分

目的:研究大戟属植物泽漆的化学成分。方法:采用正相硅胶色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相制备色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为大戟苷(Ⅰ)、大戟苷D(Ⅱ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、柚皮素(Ⅴ)、木犀草素(Ⅵ)、木犀草苷(Ⅶ)、4,2’,4’-三羟基查尔酮(Ⅷ)、山柰酚(Ⅸ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(Ⅹ)、咖啡酸(Ⅺ)和没食子酸乙酯(Ⅻ)。结论:化合物Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的研究进展

查阅近几年国内外文献,对中医药抗幽门螺杆菌的实验研究相关文献进行整理并分析。检索万方医学数据库、中国知网(CNKI)和西文生物医学期刊数据库的38篇文献,将中药抗Heticobacter pylori的体外实验、体内实验的研究进展做一总结,并分析其机制。以往的研究从有效成分的筛选、抑菌浓度实验、抗菌机制研究和中医药对幽门螺杆菌感染动物模型的疗效研究,逐步扩展到细胞分子水平的观察。在今后的实验中还应紧密结合中医理论指导,合理选择中药和复方,规范动物模型制作和辨证分型,并严谨实验设计,才能更好的说明问题,以期为中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的更深入研究及临床应用奠定基础。     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

牡荆属植物的研究进展

至今为止人们对牡荆属植物中的黃荆和蔓荆进行了较多的研究,从中发现包括黄酮类、萜类、木脂素类、甾醇类、蒽类及挥发油等在内的不同类型的多种化学成分。一些试验结果确认牡荆属植物中富含的黄酮类化合物可用于延缓衰老,防治心血管疾病等作用,显示有较好的开发应用价值。由于牡荆属植物在我国分布广泛,植物种类多样,其中很多品种已作为民间用药,如果附加科学内涵加以研究开发,该属植物将有巨大的消费市场,同时也将会成为一种涉及民生和关系区域发展的经济作物。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

红药根的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、高效制备液相等方法,对红药根的甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过质谱（MS）、波谱数据分析（¹H,¹³C-NMR）进行结构鉴定。从红药根的甲醇提取物中分离7个化合物,分别鉴定为plantainoside A（1）,plantainoside B（2）,calcedarioside C（3）,calcedarioside D（4）,platyphylloside（5）,hirsutanonol（6）和hirsutanonol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）。化合物均5~7为首次从该科物中分离得到。