盐酸美普他酚鼻用温敏型凝胶的制备及其体外释放度考察

目的:制备盐酸美普他酚鼻用温敏型凝胶并考察其体外释放特性。方法:以盐酸美普他酚为主药,泊洛沙姆P407为凝胶材料制备凝胶;以影响制剂胶凝温度的泊洛沙姆P407、P188及PEG6000用量为考察因素,胶凝温度为考察指标进行正交试验优选处方;同时采用改良的Franz扩散池法,以生理盐水为介质进行体外释放特性评价。结果:以处方中含有泊洛沙姆P407为20%、泊洛沙姆P188为3%、PEG6000为2%为最佳处方,平均胶凝温度为32.4℃。所制制剂15min即释药约25%,体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程。结论:该制剂处方设计和工艺方法可行,并具有一定的缓释特性,适合鼻腔给药。     

诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及体外释放度研究

摘 要 目的：制备诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶,并考察其体外药物释放行为。方法: 以泊洛沙姆为基质,采用冷溶法制备诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶,考察泊洛沙姆407与泊洛沙姆188的用量对胶凝相变温度的影响,采用星点设计 效应面法优化其处方,并考察其体外药物释放行为。结果: 在一定浓度范围内,随着泊洛沙姆407用量的增大胶凝化温度逐渐降低,随着泊洛沙姆188用量的增大胶凝化温度逐渐升高,通过优化得到诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶的最佳处方为：泊洛沙姆407的浓度为20.6%（w/v）,泊洛沙姆188的浓度为5.7%（w/v）,在温度为36.5 ℃以上可发生胶凝。药物在温度敏感原位凝胶中呈持续缓慢释放,6 h药物的累积释放度为87.5%±5.4%。结论: 诺氟沙星阴道用温度敏感原位凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性,可以延缓药物释放,有望开发成为一种新型阴道给药制剂。     

喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的 制备喷昔洛韦(penciclovir,PCV)温度敏感原位凝胶,对其进行了处方优化筛选,并建立其质量控制方法.方法 考察含有不同泊洛沙姆407(Pluronic F127)和泊洛沙姆188(Pluronic F68)浓度配比的处方对原位凝胶胶凝温度、流变学性质、质构特性和体外药物释放行为等的影响,从而设计和优化处方.结果 得到最佳凝胶基质组成为19%F127/0.3%F68,其胶凝温度33.7℃;达到34℃时粘度和胶凝强度明显增大;PCV自凝胶中的释放具有一定的缓释效果.结论 喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶有望开发成为一种新型眼部给药制剂.     

丙烯酸-泊洛沙姆407共聚物的合成及其原位胶凝性质

目的制备丙烯酸和泊洛沙姆407构成的共聚物,研究其温度敏感的原位胶凝性质。方法将泊洛沙姆407溶于丙烯酸单体,引发聚合反应,产物用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱表征。用旋转黏度计测定共聚物水溶液的黏度随温度的变化。以维生素B12为模型药物,研究药物的释放性质。结果较低浓度的丙烯酸泊洛沙姆407共聚物水溶液具有受热原位胶凝的性质,其胶凝特征与共聚物的组成、浓度、溶液pH等有关,共聚物凝胶可延缓药物释放。结论丙烯酸泊洛沙姆407共聚物可望应用于黏膜给药的原位凝胶递药系统。     

盐酸博安霉素注射用原位凝胶的体内分布研究

考察盐酸博安霉素(BAM)注射用原位凝胶在裸鼠体内的扩散情况以评价原位凝胶对盐酸博安霉素的阻滞作用。以荧光染料异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记盐酸博安霉素,制备异硫氰酸荧光素-盐酸博安霉素偶联物(FITC-BAM),采用透析袋透析和Sephadex G25葡聚糖凝胶柱对偶联物进行分离纯化,利用基质辅助激光解析电离/飞行时间(MALDI-TOF)质谱检测偶联效果。建立裸鼠皮下肝癌移植瘤模型,应用动物体内活体光学成像系统定时检测盐酸博安霉素在裸鼠体内的特异性分布情况。MALDI-TOF质谱检测结果显示,FITC成功与BAM发生偶联,且二者偶联的分子比主要为1∶1或2∶1。活体动物成像系统观察显示,盐酸博安霉素注射用原位凝胶组FITC-BAM的扩散较普通注射液组明显延迟。研究表明,将盐酸博安霉素制备成注射用原位凝胶制剂,能够阻滞药物在体内的释放,延长作用时间。     

安乃近原位凝胶的制备及体外评价

目的 制备安乃近原位凝胶,延长安乃近在体内的作用时间.方法 以泊洛沙姆407(P407)和泊洛沙姆188(P188)作为载体材料,采用冷溶法制备安乃近原位凝胶,考察P407和P188的含量、亚硫酸氢钠及安乃近浓度对胶凝温度的影响,并用透析袋法考察凝胶的体外释药情况.结果 当P407浓度为23％、P188浓度为6％、亚硫酸氢钠的浓度为0.2％时,所制得的安乃近原位凝胶注射剂的胶凝温度合适,为35.3℃时,该凝胶在1h内的平均体外累积释放率为40.57％,较安乃近水溶液同时间内的累积释放率低50.39％.结论 安乃近原位凝胶的温敏性明显,其胶凝温度适合体内给药;安乃近原位凝胶对安乃近药物的释放显示出了明显的缓释效应,可以进一步用于临床.     

吡嘧司特钾眼用原位温度敏感凝胶的制备及其体外释放度的研究

目的：以吡嘧司特钾为模型药物,制备眼用原位温度敏感凝胶,考察其体外释放度。方法：以泊洛沙姆407/188为基质,筛选最佳处方以达到合适的胶凝温度,建立高效液相色谱法测定吡嘧司特钾含量并以无膜溶出模型考察体外释放度。结果：处方中以5%甘露醇为溶媒,0.1%吡嘧司特钾（w/v）、0.01%苯扎溴铵（v/v）、6%泊洛沙姆188（w/v）和20%泊洛沙姆407（w/v）的组成可以达到最适胶凝温度,经影响因素试验考察证明该制剂性质稳定,体外释放度考察结果表明药物的释放与时间成线性关系。结论：本文制备的吡嘧司特钾眼用原位温度敏感凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性,能够延长药物在眼部停留时间且给药方便,有望开发成为一种新型眼用给药制剂。     

温度敏感型原位凝胶用于蛋白类药物缓释注射给药系统的初步研究

尝试以温度敏感型原位凝胶（TISG）作为重组人生长激素（rhGH）的载体制备缓释注射给药系统，通过改变泊洛沙姆同系物的配比，得到了具有适宜胶凝温度的TISG，并采用无膜溶出模型研究了TISG的体外释药行为。结果表明，rhGH从TISG中的释放遵循零级动力学过程，且胶凝温度接近体温的TISG维持释放的时间较短。大鼠体内实验进一步证实，TISG可延缓rhGH释放，与溶液制剂相比可获得更平缓且持久的血药浓度曲线。     

白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶的制备及体外评价

目的:采用安全性高、生物相容性好的常用凝胶材料制备白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶,并对处方进行优化,获得具有温敏性质的可漂浮于膀胱内并长时间持续释放药物的凝胶剂,用于膀胱癌的膀胱灌注化疗。方法:以泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、海藻酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸氢铵为辅料,冷溶法制备凝胶;以胶凝温度、胶凝时间为指标,采用星点设计-响应面法对泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、碳酸氢铵的用量进行优化;对优化处方进行温敏性能、漂浮性能和释药性能评价。结果:最优处方为白藜芦醇30%,泊洛沙姆407 17.2%,泊洛沙姆188 5.5%,海藻酸钠0.15%,碳酸钙0.06%,碳酸氢铵0.15%。该处方的胶凝温度为28℃～29℃,胶凝时间为50 s,药物以扩散方式从漂浮凝胶中缓慢释放,持续释放时间超过48 d。结论:白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶具有膀胱内长时间持续释放药物的性质,可以作为膀胱癌治疗中膀胱灌注化疗的替代给药形式,具有提高患者依从性的优点。     

参黄阴道用温敏原位凝胶的制备及质量评价

目的:制备参黄阴道用温敏原位凝胶并对其进行评价。方法:以泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188为基质,制备参黄阴道用温敏原位凝胶。考察原位凝胶经模拟阴道液稀释前后的黏度随温度变化曲线和胶凝温度,采用无膜释放法评价凝胶的体外释放,通过阴道刺激性试验观察原位凝胶的安全性。结果:所得制剂满足阴道可注入性和体内凝胶性能,对阴道无刺激性,药物释放由凝胶溶蚀来决定。结论:参黄阴道用温敏原位凝胶工艺可行,符合临床阴道局部用药物要求。     

Thermoreversible mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ hydrogel: Design and optimization using a combination of polymers

The purpose of the study was to develop an optimized thermoreversible in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on Pluronic F 127, containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride as a model drug. A 3(2) full factorial design was employed with two polymers: Pluronic F 68 and Gelrite as independent variables used in combination with Pluronic F 127. Gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force, viscosity and in vitro drug release after 1 and 10 h were selected as dependent variables. Pluronic F 68 loading with Pluronic F 127 was found to have a significant effect on gelation temperature of the formulation and to be of importance for gel formation at temperatures 33-36 °C. Gelrite loading showed a positive effect on bioadhesion force and gel strength and was also found helpful in controling the release rate of the drug. The quadratic mathematical model developed is applicable to predicting formulations with desired gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force and drug release properties.     

地塞米松磷酸钠温度敏感原位凝胶的特性研究

本文以泊罗沙姆PluronicF127为温度敏感原位凝胶材料，考察了PluronicF127与PluronicF68不同浓度处方对地塞米松磷酸钠温度敏感原位凝胶的胶凝温度、相转变温度、凝胶强度、稳态黏度、溶蚀和药物释放行为等特性的影响。采用试管倒转法测定胶凝温度；旋转流变仪测定相转变温度、弹性模量、稳态黏度等流变学参数；无膜溶出法测定凝胶的溶蚀行为；HPLC测定地塞米松磷酸钠的释放度。结果表明，随着处方中F127浓度的增高，凝胶的胶凝温度和相转变温度降低，黏度和弹性模量增加，溶蚀速率和药物释放速率减慢；而处方中F68对凝胶特性的影响与F127相反。温度敏感原位凝胶在低温时为牛顿流体，黏度很小；随着温度升高，黏度增大；当增至相转变温度附近，表现出典型的假塑性流体特征；药物释放速率受控于凝胶溶蚀速率，二者遵循零级动力学方程。处方中含F127 22.5% / F68 2.5%的地塞米松磷酸钠温度敏感原位凝胶的性质与临床治疗要求基本吻合，有望在临床中获得应用。     

Thermosensitive and mucoadhesive in situ gel based on poloxamer as new carrier for rectal administration of nimesulide

Poloxamer 407 has excellent thermo-sensitive gelling properties. Nevertheless, these gels possess inadequate poor bioadhesiveness and high permeability to water, which limited its' application as a thermoresponsive matrix. The main aim of the present investigation was to develop thermosensitive and mucoadhesive rectal in situ gel of nimesulide (NM) by using mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium alginate (Alg-Na) and HPMC. These gels were prepared by addition of mucoadhesive polymers (0.5%) to the formulations of thermosensitive gelling solution containing poloxamer 407 (18%) and nimesulide (2.0%). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to modify gelation temperature and drug release properties. The gelation temperature and drug release rate of the prepared in situ gels were evaluated. Gelation temperature was significantly increased with incorporation of nimesulide (2.0%) in the poloxamer solution, while the addition of the mucoadhesive polymers played a reverse role on gelation temperature. The addition of PEG polymers increased the gelation temperature and the drug release rate. Among the formulations examined, the poloxamer 407/nimesulide/sodium alginate/PEG 4000 (18/2.0/0.5/1.2%) exhibited the appropriate gelation temperature, acceptable drug release rate and rectal retention at the administration site. Furthermore, the micrographic results showed that in situ gel, given at the dose of 20mg/kg, was safe for no mucosa irritation. In addition, it resulted in significantly higher initial serum concentrations, C(max) and AUC of NM compared to the solid suppository.     

马来酸噻吗洛尔眼用温敏凝胶的处方筛选与体外释放评价

目的:筛选马来酸噻吗洛尔眼用温敏型凝胶优化处方,并对其体外释放进行评价。方法:选用泊洛沙姆P407、P188为载体材料制备眼用温敏凝胶,测定不同处方的凝胶前体溶液分别在未经处理和经人工泪液稀释条件下,从溶液态转变为凝胶态的胶凝温度,通过星点设计-效应面法筛选优化处方,并考察胶凝时间和释放行为。结果:根据温敏凝胶保存和使用的温度要求,筛选出优化处方为P407:P188(24.25%:1.56%)。前体溶液能够在34℃人工泪液中迅速形成凝胶,并在体外缓慢释放6 h以上。结论:经过筛选并制备出的噻吗洛尔温敏型凝胶具有良好的载药能力、稳定性及释放性能,满足眼用制剂质量要求和实际应用要求。     

喷昔洛韦眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及评价（英文）

目的研制以普朗尼克F127为主要基质的喷昔洛韦制剂,以提高其眼部生物利用度。方法通过将HPMC K4M或卡波姆934P与普朗尼克F127复合使用,制备了喷昔洛韦的温度敏感原位凝胶。以胶凝温度、流变学、药物释放特性、药代动力学及眼部刺激性等为指标进行筛选,得到最优化处方。结果使用HPMC K4M或者卡波姆934P均能降低凝胶的胶凝温度,略微增加其粘度,延缓体系中药物的释放速率;药物释放为非Fick扩散;所有处方均未表现出眼部刺激或对角膜的损伤;含卡波姆934P和普朗尼克F127的凝胶体系的眼部生物利用度最高。结论含普朗尼克F127的喷昔洛韦制剂能够以滴眼液的形式给药,而达到眼部温度时可形成凝胶;体内外评价结果表明,含有HPMC K4M或卡波姆934P以及低浓度普朗尼克F127（12%）的喷昔洛韦制剂,提高了药物在眼部的生物利用度,是一种很有前景的眼部给药系统。     

Formulation,in-vitro characterization and clinical evaluation of curcumin in-situ gel for treatment of periodontitis

This study aimed to develop syringeable in-situ curcumin (cur) gel for the treatment of periodontal pockets as well as to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Cur in-situ gel formulation. Different in-situ gel formulations of Cur were prepared using 30% of pluronic F127, and 1% of carbopol P934. The formulations were evaluated regarding gelation temperature, pH, viscosity, syringeability study, in-vitro release and chemical stability of cur. The effect of aging of gel formulations for 3months in refrigerator was investigated. The selected formulation was clinically evaluated through the determination of probing depth, plaque index, and bleeding index at baseline and 1 month after application. The formulations showed accepted gelation temperature ranging from 28 to 34?°C and all had pH value of 4. The viscosity of the formulations at 4?°C ranged from 19 000 to 37 000 cP. All formulations were easily syringeable through 21 gauge needle at cold temperature. Curcumin stability during the release study was maintained. Aging showed no significant effect on release profile, drug content, or the pH after 3 months, while it showed a slight increase in viscosity with concomitant decrease in gelation temperature. Selected formulations delivered into periodontal pocket evaluated clinically showed to be effective. The treated group revealed that the adjunctive use of intracrevicular 2% curcumin in-situ gel adjunct to mechanical treatment in patients with adult periodontitis could aid in significant clinical reduction of probing depth, bleeding index, and to less extent of plaque. This indicates that curcumin in this novel drug delivery system is an excellent candidate for periodontal disease treatment.     

Oral sustained delivery of ambroxol from in situ-gelling pectin formulations

Gels formed in situ following oral administration of dilute aqueous solutions of pectin (1.0 and 1.5%, w/v) to rats were evaluated as vehicles for the sustained release of the expectorant drug ambroxol hydrochloride. The solutions contained calcium ions in complexed form, which on release in the acidic environment of the stomach caused gelation of the pectin. In vitro studies demonstrated diffusion-controlled release of ambroxol from the gels over a period of 6 h. A bioavailability of ambroxol of approximately 64% of that of a commercially available formulation could be achieved from gels containing an identical dose of ambroxol formed in situ in the stomachs of rats, with appreciably lower peak plasma levels and a sustained release of drug over a period of at least 6 h. The influence of added sorbitol (17%, w/v) on the rheological and drug release properties of the formulations has been examined.     

Sustained ocular drug delivery from a temperature and pH triggered novel in situ gel system

Various ocular diseases like glaucoma, conjunctivitis, and dry eye syndrome require frequent drug administration. Poor ocular bioavailability of drugs (< 1%) from conventional eye drops is due mainly to the precorneal loss factors that include rapid tear turnover, nonproductive absorption, transient residence time in the cul-de-sac, and the relative impermeability of the drugs to corneal epithelial membrane. These problems may be overcome by the use of in situ gel-forming systems that are instilled as drops into the eye and undergo a sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. Our present work describes the formulation and evaluation of an ocular delivery system of timolol maleate based on the concept of both temperature and pH-triggered in situ gelation. Pluronic F-127 (a thermosensitive polymer) in combination with chitosan (pH-sensitive polymer also acts as permeation enhancer) was used as gelling agent. The developed formulation was characterized for various in vitro parameters e.g., clarity, gelation temperature and pH, isotonicity, sterility, rheological behavior, drug release profile, transcorneal permeation profile, and ocular irritation. Developed formulation was clear, isotonic solution, that converted into gel at temperatures above 35 degrees C and pH 6.9-7.0. A significant higher drug transport across corneal membrane and increased ocular retention time was observed using the developed formulation. The developed system is a viable alternative to conventional eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma and various other ocular diseases.